7

JOrt)
J 6l a ruyOrl
Fractional Expressions

- (r- 5Xr+ 2) - r*5

12 -25 (r+5Xr-5) €D Cancel ("r-5).
-
12 3r.- l0 t+2
t*L r*1 1
€D Cancel (r+
G=)t,Trl: rq
1).
Reduce the following fractional expressions. 12-t-2
Ex.
\az 2 Zasb a
(7 12-5r*6 G-3Xr-2) - x-2
3a3 3a - 4a2b5 2b4 )
7-7*n:G-4)(r-s)-i4
(1) 6ab\ 2b3
say:77 f-r-20 : (r-5)(r+4) - x*4
(8)
Z?-7r-rs (r;+3)G-. 5) Zr+3
(2) 28a3t 4
lr,Pr: 5,
(e) r*2 r-12 : 1
V + 12: G=+ 2Xr- 1) r-L
(3) ar1
a2.r3 drz

f
-F -6x+9 : G-3)2 - x-3
l8a3 3
(10)
r- 6
- (r- 3)(r+2) iTT
(4) 24ab 4a'

3a2 + 6a 3aQ-t2) 3a
(5) Zr'u _ 12 (1r)
a44a+4- -G+D'- a*2
-6922
- 3zz

(b) -6122 - _ 2"

Srgz U
 J 62b
J 62a ru UON
,z_(g*z): t

Fractional ExPressions (6) z2 -(t* g )2

(r* * z)Q- -z) r-U-z
G*a*z) x*Y-z
+r+u) -(rlu*z (r-l g- z
expresslons'
Reduce the following fractional

(b-d2-a2
I (7) T;+fr
b-a -b-b) --- t-3
: G=TW$ -F a*b-c
(a- b)Q- 3) b-c*a b-c-a -(a 1-b-c a-b*c a*b*c
_12 *5r-6 r-2 cla*b *a-b (a-f b-l c -b*c
12 =7 r+ 12
r-4

+tu-14 r*7 -2 x*7 x3 * 3t2 *3r +

(1) 12
-\- f +z)G-z ) r*2 (8) 13*
(r+
(r* + )2

G+ s) - ru+ G+u)( -ru+ -xa+

I
O
a2b0- a) - a2b(r- a
t.2 ) ;F1r:fr -ab -a - b

13 - 3r2 *3r
(e) l
-u3 h

x-5 (r- (x- k-u

(;r- 5)2 -.
G-5)2 - (-r* : y
u)3
-u 'lrg-lg *xY*
(3) fs +r-X51, - SXr- b) r*5 1;= 1162 ru* s')

tn 2-ab*b2
m- m(l- r :----:--t\r--
-mG-l) -- (10)
a

V=rrtt -
7W
(4) (r _ 1) \I- L) f-l a3+b
1
a2-ab*b2
Q+ b) a2-a t+t') a*b

f-t (r* 1 r-l

-1 :- r*I
(5)
T+tr +1 2
 J63

J 63a rumOrl J 63b

Fractional Expressions a2-ablac-bc
(5)
: a*c
Ar+ab+b2
Reduce the following fractional expressions.

(1) ar* ay * br* by

ar- bg- fu* ag
a*b
- aG+il+bG+tt)
a(r* il- bG+ il -
G+tt)Q+b)
G+ fiQ- b)- a-b
t

(6) rt-u'
Ms4s'
t2-tg-cg*ct '- (r-t)Gz*ry*s2) (r- )(i + + 2)
(2)
* * br-ry- bs
: * tg*
(r2 + yzlz - 12 u' -ru+
ilr-u)*cG-tt) G-a)G*c) r*c _ I-U
- rG-il*bG-u) - G-y)G+b) - r*b - *-rU*Uz

(3) 12 +7r+12
V+ 47-9r-36
("r+4X"r+3) ("r+4Xr+3) r'-Ztgl-qL
- f(r*4)-9(r+ 4) - G+4)G2-9)
(.7 ) _ 3or -ylyz

_ (r*(;r+ 4)(-r+ 3) _ -rz -

t(r2 Ztu -t u2) ilr - u)2 x@-u)
4)(r+3Xr-3) - r-3
1
--G4i)G-u) Q-Zr)G-s) x-2a

(4) a2-ab*ab2
a2-b2+ab2+b3
a(a- b * b2)
:M:G+Dh_b+b\: a(a- b -f b2) a,
a+b
 J64
J 64a rcumOru J 64b
Fractional Expressions

Simplify the following fractional expressions.

3ar2 .. Za3bz Zaat

bn 9ru 3b'u
(- u
(1) ..sbtc' ibzcz
2q'
(7 )
-2w "
3r'u
4az b)2
(Za)'b

3bc "' Sar:. l2at 1 6a b 2 3r'u _ 4a2b

ZlFf X 4a2b - 7tU

(z) !-xa'rz2:t
uz zr ru
(8)
ffi ' ?,'u
35(-ab)s

(3) ;:----
4az b
5r" !/
Zabz
ts;f:
4a2b
brT X
75r!2
2ab2
6au
bx
49aa b2
2713 !/2 "?Y) 245a7b5
9ru at

2a2 . Z{r. r!
77= -a
13
(4)
ru^ZF': _ r.!. x a r,ji2-F:-Ai
: _ rJ (-3r4.u)'.. 8a3bz (za2r3)2
(e) --47F- t' (-3iW=-ipi-
: 9r'!t' -( 8a3bz \u 9b'uu 3b'a
4a2bs "\ - 27fu6 )^ 4a4xo 2a3t

(5)
*"#.(-'f) b3
a
X
b2 b6
zv 4f:-Mr-
X
blr

\\-
 J65
5b
J 65a rumON
Fractional Expressions
(5) a-b ab-bz
d+rb= o+b
a-b n a*b a-b a*b 1
- az+ab ab-b2 - ab+b) " b?-b) ab
Simplify the following fractional expressions.

(1) 12-l ,. 6a
'\ r-1
_ ("r-rl)r;r-1) x ++:Z.,,+t) ala-b)2 ..
J l-l (6)
iG'-b\ t' ab*b2
o-b
aQ- b)2 b(a+ b) :a
bh* Db- b) " a-b

\L) r't2r ur'.

/o\
f-g r2^4
3t
l

:- t(r-12) x- r(-r-3) :- x2
T5TilC-T
1ra3;1r-3; 1r-'"21112
-r* 1 r-12 (-r* 1)2
(7 )
7+b+4 ^i'+tu+g = ,+3
-r* I
:T;+N x*2 -r* 3
x1;;3yx1rgy:m I
(r-I)2 .. rg2+gz
( J, -i- " ,21
(r l)2 ,. g2(r-ll) x-l
!/3 " (r - lXr- 1) - u
il
(8) t*a 12-a2 X .r' - a'
-7T7
Ti-tr X
T;T;f
: r* a .x. (r* a)G- a) n,. (f+az)(f-a2)
(r* a)3
(4) (a-f b
2
b*a 64Y ,zao'
a-b Tb-d' (r*a)G-a) ..x (r'+ az)(r+ a)G- a) :1
(a- : rla ..x
_ Q*b)z X
b)2 : (a*b)(a-b) 64Y ,4oz (r * a)3
a-b a*b
 J66

J 66a rumOru J 66b

Fractiona! Expressions
L:o'l
1 | b , a a-fb
;- b - ob- ob: ob

Simplify the following fractional expressions

Ex. (6) 313b,aa*3b

*- br: afu- rfu: abr
11 : 3 + 2 5 -€D First find the common denominator.
2r'3r
-I_
6t 61 - 6r

(1) 11325 3r + 1 3r* 8r*l

4t 6t l2x ' l2r - l}x (7 5 5r + 1
--7-
)
-+ I -?- 7r

(2) 1132 1
E- sr:6r- 6t:6x 3r-l 3t 3r-l I
(8) .1
--;r--
T .r" r" l"
-:-
(3) 1_3_5_6_g_10_ 7
21 4x 6r lZt 72r ' 12r - l2r
2 3 3)-r 31 :;G+3)
5r*6
r - rt3 :
(e) 2G+
,(.r+3) fu-+3)

(4) 2b 3b , 5b 8b 9b 106 9b 3b
3a 4a 6a l2a 12a ' lZa - l\a - 4a

(10) 2 2 _ 2G+4) *' (r-2G-4) : 4,

t-4 |
t-t 4 - G- 4)G+ 4) 4)(r+ 4) G-4)(x+4)
(5) 2c,3c,c8c9c6c23c -I

sob- 4ob- zob: nai- lzob- lzrb: l2ab

 .JOl
J 67b
J67a rumOru
Fractional Expressions Ex.
.r
t ,' r-1 ;r(r- 1) r .r2
- r-l ' t-l t-l
S impl ify the following fractional express ions.

(6 ) r*l*-+
r- |
r-5 -r t-t5 : G-5)2
-
(r*5)2 2G2 +25)
(r* --(r*1)(r-I) ._I
-;- r I - r'
:-r2-.1 -T
,+5 r-5 1r'15;1r-*; GISF_5)- 5)(-r- 5) ri 1 ,1 -I-1 x-l

(1) r-5 _ x*5 (r-5)2 (r*5)2

r-15 r-5 - (r+5)(;r-5) - (r+ SXr- 5)
(7 ) t-412
I _r-
-r-1 ' t-3
x'-lor+25- 12 -lM-25 20x
(-r-r 5)(r- 5) (r+5)(r-5) :- (r-1Xr-3) 4(x-3) r2?-l)
(r- lxr-3; - G:IG-9 --r (r- lru=t
(2) rf1 +-2 *-4r+3-4r*tz-tl2r-12 x2 +4x+3
=-
T
r'l I 2r 3r*
(r- iXr-3) c=nFs
-T ,
T"
1
(r+Q(rl_l)
- (r- 1)(r-3)
-r-
(3) r*l 1

Tr+* r*2 (8) -aa

' r+a ' l-a
l-

rt1 r*2 1
(1+a)(1-a) all-a) --r a(l*a)
Tr+ry Ti+* TiTry :- - (1+axl-a) (1+r'x1-rl
ll+a)f.- a)
) j-+4
,a l-a2-a*a2ta*a2
(4
ob 0c 0+ a)0- a)
3c 2a 2a*3c a2 +l az+L I
- ot, - ob, -- abc (1+a)(1-o) -G+lrc=rJ
c,
\J / (r- l)(r 12) ' (r+2xr+3)
.) L

3(r+ 3) -, 2(r+ i) 5r*11 (g)"+II11

-L, +,--j-
-: (r-- IXr T
+2X-r+3) 111 111r-121r 131 - (r+1Xr+2)(r+3) a-o o-a a-b ---0
a-b
 J68
J 68a rumON J 68b
Fractional Expressions
(2) 1_t_I-1
,+l- r+3-A+2- o+4
_ h+2)-b+t) _ tu+ 4)-G+3)
Simplify the following fractional expressions
11 -
: G+t)(a+z)
Ex. G+$G+D
11,1 _r 1
- Q+3)Q+ 4)-Q+r)(a+Z)
r*T ,1 r-T - ,+ 1 Rearrange terms into
(a*t)Q+2)G+ 3)(a+4)
(r-7 + +7) (r+ 1)+(-r- 1) ) matching pairs. *7a+12)-(a2 +3a+2)
(az
(x* -7 ("r- 1)(r+ 1) G+t)Q+2)Q+3)(a+4)
: 677p-r1-
2r 2t
("r- 1Xr+ 1) (a*
4a*10
1)(o + 2)(a+ 3Xa+4)
2ilG- 1)(.r+ 1 +7 G-7)) il-@l 2(2a+il 'l

G*7)(r- 1 +1

G*
2ilG2 - 7 -G2
1
- 49)l
+1) m 96r

find the common

(3) 1124 denominator of
(1) i11_l a-t- a+r-7+I-;r+t 11ano -----:--=
r-3 - r+3 - r-1- -r+1 24
.......-...:
a- I a-r I
: (a+ -h-r) 1)
7i-;r+I
(;r+ 3) - (r- 3) (-r*
(-r-3)("r+3)
- (r- 1) 1 ("- lxa^+ 1)
x-l +1
224
62 - 02-l a2+r a4+l
- G-TX;+3I- (r- 1)(;r+ 1)
2h2 +r)-ZG'z-t) 4
6 -1 .r* 1) -2G-3
+3Xr- 1) +1
+3 h'-l)(a'].l) 7i
-J
44
_ 6(12-7)-2(f-9) aa -1 a4 +I
(r-3)(-r+3Xr-1Xr+1)
_ 4(a4'f l.) - 4(a4 - 1)
4r2 +L2 (a4-l)(a4+1)
(r- +3Xr-lXr+1)
I
: Gz ll;r+
4(r'z+3) - 1,
ffi 8
d8=T
 JOY

.J69a rumOru J 69b

Fractional Expressions

1+la ('. *)' a* ),

^, Multiply numerator and
%
a-l denominator bv rt.

Simplify the following fractional expressions. 1

1

a (- +).

1 1'r x
J
5 _ 3 .^_
6 -5'"-10
1
(5)
,;r:r;4I \ I/
r*l

o
J
( 1) +:**r:f ,I 1

12
I

(b) 1 r-G+2) t*2

3 r*3
^.5 ^._,6 @$r,i,r
1
18 I' I
(2) r
cbSc-
J J/\ p
-
I r-
riT
6

1+!a r*1
1
1

a
(,.+)*(1-r: +"i!r:# (7 )
-1
I _-

'
t

1+-r
1-l-r
T

-1-r$(r+r)
(3)
2 2

(8)
1- t-5 0 r-5 r-5) x-7
It ir-3 5- 1+--q t-2
r-c- -r-5)
l+ T 1

(4) r*1 (r.) =G*1):lP, j1 : *

 J70
JTOa rcumON J 70b
Fractional Expressions
(4) ++b,r+c-a
OO DC CA

_ c(a-b)+a$-c)*bG-a)
abc
S implify the followi n g fraction alexpression s.
ac-bc*ab-ac*bc-ab
(1) 12 +sr+6 i abc
7 +4r+4
G+3)G+2)
-0
- ---6+Dr-
_ r*3
r*2
(5) 2 , | 6-r
Fr- rtz---?-4
_ +2)_;G:,2)
2Q, 6-t
* v4
(2) (a*b)2-(c*d)2 G-211r*.r,
(a*c)2-(b+d)'z
x*6*6_ r
a* b*c* d)G+ b-c- d) 12-4
a* c* b* alc-b-
t2
_ a*b-c-d nr-4
a-b*c-d
-12
@+2)(x-2)
1

.l
(3) 72a2 - 6a 4a2-I (6) J

2a2-a-l n
v
12a *18a2 -72a
(r+ lXr+2) G+2)G+3)
(2a* I 2a- 3("r+ 3) - 3(r+ 1)
:.V
6a(2a- 7) 7
(-r* 1)(r* 2)G+3)
^
Qa+7)b-1) 6a 2a *3a-2)
3t'19 - 3r- 3
6a(2a- 7)
' Qa+l)(Za-l)
Qa+r)Q-1) /'6oa;1W+D - (tTl)G+2XrTt
2a-l
@-D(J-+D
:m 6