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Mppt

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44 views2 pages

Mppt

Uploaded by

lijogeorge800
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) is a technique used in solar PV systems to ensure

that the solar panels operate at their maximum power point (MPP), which is the point where
the product of voltage and current (V × I) is at its highest, yielding the maximum possible
power output from the solar module. Since the power output of a PV panel varies with
changes in sunlight (irradiance) and temperature, the maximum power point is not constant,
and it fluctuates throughout the day.

How MPPT Works:

MPPT continuously monitors the voltage and current output of the solar panel and adjusts
the operating point to maximize the power generated. This is crucial because PV modules
have a nonlinear voltage-current (V/I) characteristic, and the MPP can shift based on
environmental conditions.

Here’s a basic breakdown of the MPPT process:

1. Sensor Input: MPPT controllers measure the voltage (V) and current (I) of the
solar panel.
2. Calculation: The controller calculates the power (P = V × I) at the current
operating point.
3. Adjustment: The MPPT system adjusts the load presented to the solar panel
by varying the voltage or current to maximize the power. It fine-tunes the voltage and current
until the highest power output is achieved.
4. Continuous Monitoring: Since sunlight and temperature vary, the MPPT
continuously tracks the MPP and adjusts the system accordingly to maintain optimal
performance.

Example:

If a solar panel is operating at 15 volts and 6 amps, the power output is 90 watts (P = V × I).
If the MPPT controller detects that adjusting the panel’s operating voltage to 17 volts
increases the current to 5.5 amps, the new power output would be 93.5 watts. The MPPT
ensures that this new optimal power point is maintained.

MPPT in Different Conditions:

• Irradiance Changes: As the sunlight intensity increases or decreases, the


MPP shifts. MPPT adjusts the operating conditions to always extract the most energy.
• Temperature Changes: High temperatures reduce the voltage of the solar
panel, which affects the MPP. MPPT compensates for this loss by optimizing the
voltage/current ratio.

Benefits of MPPT:

• Increased Energy Efficiency: MPPT maximizes the energy harvested from the
solar panels under all conditions.
• Adaptation to Variable Conditions: It ensures optimal operation in fluctuating
irradiance and temperature.
• Compatibility with Different PV Arrays: MPPT controllers allow the system to
use panels that are not ideally matched to the battery bank or load, optimizing performance
even when panels and batteries have different voltage ratings.

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