12TH SCIENCE

QUESTION BANK FOR CHEMISTRY WITH ANSWER KEY

Q.1. Choose correct answer.

1) Molecular solids are …………….

a) crystalline solids b) amorphous solids c) ionic solids d) metallic solids

2) The Coordination number of atoms in bcc crystal lattice is …..

a) 2 b) 4 c) 6 d) 8

3) The colligative property of a solution is ……….

a) vapour pressure b) boiling point c) osmotic pressure d) freezing point

4) The process in which the value of ΔU = 0 is …

(a) adiabatic (b) isothermal (c) isobaric (d) isochoric

5) Anisole on heating with concentrated HI gives. …

(a) Iodobenzene (b) phenol+methanol (c)phenol+Iodomethane (d) Iodobenzene+ methanol

6) Which of the following is Ύ- isomer of BHC ?

(a) DDT (b) Lindane (c) Chloroform (d) Chlorobenzene

7) The order of the reaction for which the units of rate constant are mol dm-3 s-1 is….
(a) 1 (b) 3 (c) 0 (d) 2

8) The pH of 10 -8 M of HCl is ……
(a) 8 (b) 7 (c) less than 7 (d) greater than 7

9) The enthalpy of formation for all elements in their standard states is………..
a) unity b) zero c) less than zero d) different elements
10) Slope of the graph ln[A]t versus t for first order reaction is
a) -k b. k c. k/2.303 d. -k/2.303
11) On the basis of CFT predict the number of unpaired electrons in [CrF ]3.
6
a.1 b. 2 c. 3 d. 4

12) Which of the following information is given by FTIR technique?

a. Absorption of functional groups b. Particle size

c. Confirmation of formation of nanoparticles d. Crystal structure
Q.2. Answer the following questions.
1. What is the unit cell?
Ans- The smallest repeating structural unit of a crystalline solid is called unit cell.
 2. What are ferromagnetic substances?
Ans- The substances containing large number of unpaired electrons are attracted strongly by magnetic field.
These substances are said to be ferromagnetic.
3. What is osmotic pressure?
Ans- The excess of pressure on the side of the solution that stops the net flow of solvent into the solution
through the semipermeable membrane.

4. The pH of a solution is 6.06. Calculate its H ion concentration.

Ans- pH of solution – 6.06 To find – H+ ion concentration
From the formula, pH = -log10 [H O]
log [H3 O] = -pH
= - 6.06
= - 6 – 0.06 + 1 - 1

= (- 6 - 1) + 1 – 0.06

= - 7 + 0.94
= -6.06
Thus [H3 O ] = antilog [-6.06]
= 8.710 × 10-7 M
5. What are the units for rate constants for zero order and second order reactions?
Ans-1) Zero order reaction is mol L-1 s-1
2)Second order reaction is mol-1 L s-1
6. What are pseudo-first order reactions?
Ans- Cert ain reactions which are expected to be of higher order follow the first order kinetics.
Consider hydrolysis of methyl acetate.
The reaction was expected to follow the second order kinetics, however, obeys the first order.
7. What is enthalpy of fusion?
Ans- enthalpy change that occurs when one mole of a solid is converted into liquid without change in
temperature at constant pressure is enthalpy of fusion
8. What is enthalpy of solution?
Ans- Enthalpy of solution is the enthalpy change in a process when one mole of a substance is dissolved in
specified amount of solvent.
9. Mention two applications of coordination compounds.
In biology : Several biologically important natural compounds are metal complexes
In medicines - Pt complex cisplatin is used in the treatment of cancer.
10. Explain two limitations of VBT.
1) It does not provide any explanation for the colour of coordination compounds
2) The structure of the complexes predicted from the VBT would not always match necessarily with
those determined from the experiments.
 11. Write Structural formula of the following
1) Pentane-1,4- diol

2) methyl vinyl ether

3) 3-methoxyhexane

12. Explain the two applications of nanomaterial chemistry.

Ans- 1) Used in electronic devices. For example, Magnetoresistive Random Acess memory (MRAM)
2) Nanotechnology plays an important role in water purification techniques
3) Nanoparticles can contribute to stronger, lighter, cleaner and smarter surfaces and systems. They
are used in the manufacturing of scratchproof eyeglasses, transport, sunscreen, crack resistant paints
and so on
13. Define the term nanoscience.
Ans- Nanoscience is the study of phenomena and manipulation of materials at atomic, molecular and
macromolecular scales where properties differ significantly from those at a larger scale.

Section – B
Q.1 Define Green chemistry. Explain two advantages of nanoparticles.
Ans- Green Chemistry is the use of chemistry for pollution prevention by environmentally conscious design
of chemical products and processes that reduce or eliminate the use or generation of hazardous substances.
Advantages of nanoparticles-1) Nanotechnology plays an important role in water purification
techniques.2) Nanoparticles can contribute to stronger, lighter, cleaner and smarter surfaces and systems.
They are used in the manufacturing of scratchproof eyeglasses, transport, sunscreen, crack resistant paints and
so on.
 Q.2. Distinction between order and molecularity of a reaction.

Ans-

Order Molecularity
1. It is experimentally determined i. It is theoretical entity.
property. ii. It is the number of reactant molecules
2. It is the sum of powers of the taking part in an elementary reaction.
concerntration terms of reactants
those appear in the rate equation.
3. It may be an integer, fraction or iii. It is integer.
zero.

Q.3. Explain the concept of Molecularity of reaction.

Ans- Molecularity of reaction : The molecularity refers to how many reactant molecules are involved in
reactions. In the above reactions there is only one reactant molecule. These are unimolecular reactions or their
molecularity is one.
O3(g) + O(g) 2 O2(g)
2 NO2(g) 2 NO(g) + O2(g)
The elementary reactions involving two reactant molecules are bimolecular reactions or they have
molecularity as two.
The molecularity of an elementary reaction is the number of reactant molecules taking part in it.
Q.4.Explain the following terms
1) Substitutional impurity defect: In this defect, the foreign atoms are found at the lattice sites in place
of host atoms. The regular atoms are displaced from their lattice sites by impurity atoms.
2) Interstitial impurity defect: In this defect, the impurity atoms occupy interstitial spaces of lattice structure.
For example in steel, Fe atoms occupy normal lattice sites. The carbon atoms are present at interstitial spaces
3) Schottky defect: In an ionic solid, equal number of cations and anions are missing from their regular
positions in the crystal lattice creating vacancies
4) Vacancy defect: During crystallization of a solid, a particle is missing from its regular site in the crystal
lattice. The missing particle creates a vacancy in the lattice structure. Thus, some of the lattice sites are
vacant because of missing particles.

Q.5. Write the chemical reactions of the following .

1) Reaction of chlorobenzene with fuming H2SO4
2)Aniline is treated with nitrous acid

Q6) Define extensive property. Calculate the work done during the expansion of 2 moles of an ideal gas from 10
dm3 to 20 dm3 at 298 K in vacuum.

Ans-a property of a system whose value depends on the amount of matter present in a system is called an extensive
property.

W= -Pext× ΔV.
Pext = 0

W=0

Q7) What is effect of temperature on solubility of solids in water? give examples.

Ans- How solubility of substance changes with temperature depends on enthalpy of solution.
for example KCl, dissolve in water by endothermic process, that is, with the absorption of heat. When
temperature is increased by adding heat to the system, the solubility of substance increases.
Q.8) What are polydentate ligands? Give one examples.

Ans- A polydentate ligand has two or more donor atoms linked to the central metal ion.

For example, ethylenediamine and oxalate ion. Each of these ligands possesses two donor atoms.
Q.9) pH of a solution is 3.12. calculate the concentration of H3O+ ion.

pH is given by,

pH = -log [H3 O ]
log [H3 O ] = -pH
= - 3.12
= - 3 - 0.12 + 1 - 1
= (- 3 - 1) + 1 - 0.12
= - 4 + 0.88 = 4.88
Thus [H3 O ] = antilog [4.88]
= 7.586 × 10-4 M
Q.10).What is Ferromagnetism? Give two examples.
Ans- Ferromagnetism : The substances containing large number of unpaired electrons are attracted strongly
by magnetic field. These substances are said to be ferromagnetic.
These substances can be permanently magnetised. They retain magnetism even after the removal of external magnetic
field. Some example of ferromagnetic substances are Fe, Co, Ni, Gd, CrO 2
 SECTION - C
Attempt the following.
Q1) Obtain the relationship between freezing point depression of a solution containing non volatile nonelectrolyte
and its molar mass.

Ans- 1) The freezing point depression is directly proportional to the molality of solution
Thus, ΔTf = Kfm ……………(1)
2) Suppose we prepare a solution by dissolving W2 g of solute in W1 g of solvent.
Moles of solute in W1 g of solvent = W2/M2
Where, M2 is molar mass of solute
Mass of solvent = W1 g = w1g / 100g / kg
= W1/1000 kg
3)The molality is expressed as,
m = moles of solute/ mass of solvent in kg
m = W2/M2 mol / w1/1000kg
m= 1000w2 / M2 W1 mol kg -1 ………..(2)
4)Substituting eq. (2) in eq.(1) we get,
ΔTf = 1000kf W2 / M2W1
Hence,
M2 = 1000kf W2 / ΔTf W1
Q2) Explain graphically the effect of temperature on the rate of reaction.
Ans- 1) kinetic energy of molecules is proportional to temperature.
2) At a given temperature the fraction of molecules with their kinetic energy equal to or greater than E may lead to
a

the product.
3) With an increase of temperature the fraction of molecules having their energies (Ea) would increases. The rate of
the reaction thus would increase.
4)This is depicted by plotting a fraction of molecules with given kinetic energy versus kinetic energy for two different
temperatures T1 and T2 (T2 being > T1)

Q.3) Obtain the expression for work done in chemical reaction.

Ans- The work done by a system at constant temperature and pressure is given by
W = Pext V assuming Pext = p

W = - PV

= - P (V2 - V1)

= - PV2 + PV1

If the gases were ideal, using Eq

PV1 = n1RT and PV2 = n2RT

At constant temperature and pressure

W = - n2RT + n1RT

= - (n2 - n1) RT

= - ng RT
Q.4) What are cationic, anionic and neutral complexes? Give one example of each.

I ) Cationic - A positively charged coordination sphere or a coordination compound having a positively charged
coordination sphere is called cationic sphere complex.
E.g. [Zn(NH3 )4 ]2

II. ) Anionic - A negatively charged coordination sphere or a coordination compound having negatively
charged coordination sphere is called anionic complex.
E.g. [Ni(CN) 4]2
III) A neutral coordination complex does not possess cationic or anionic sphere.
e.g. [Pt(NH3)2Cl2] or [Ni(CO)4]

Q.5) Write IUPAC names of the following.

O - CH2 - CH2 – CH3

1- Propoxybenzene

2) H3CCH = CHCH2OH = But-2-en-1-ol

3) CH3-CH-CH3 =
2-methoxypropane
O-CH3

4)C6H5 - O - CH3 = Methoxybenzene

Q6) Explain Reimer tiemann reaction.

Ans- When phenol is treated with chloroform in aqueous sodium hydroxide solution followed by
hydrolysis with acid, salicylaldehyde is formed. This reaction is known as Reimer-Tiemann reaction.

Q.7) Explain Kolbe reaction.

Ans- The treatment of sodium phenoxide with carbondioxide at 398 K under pressure of 6 atm followed by
acid- hydrolysis, salicylic acid (o-hydroxybenzoic acid) is formed. This reaction is known as Kolbe’s
reaction.
 SECTION - D
Attempt the following questions.
Q.1) Write Dow process for preaparation of phenol .what is the action of bromine water on phenol?

Ans- Chlorobenzene is fused with NaOH at high temperature and pressure (623K and 150atm) followed by
treatment with dilute HCl to obtain phenol.

Derive relationship between H and U for gaseous reaction.

H = U + PV

H = U + PV2 – V1)

H = U + PV2 – P V1
P V1 = n1RT and PV2 = n2RT

H = U + n2RT - n1RT

H = U +( n2 – n1) RT

H = U +  ngRT
Q.2) State Hess law . What are the applications of Hess’s law?

Give cis and trans isomers of [CO(NH3)4Cl2]+

Ans - The law states that, “Overall the enthalpy change for a reaction is equal to sum of enthalpy changes of
individual steps in the reaction”.
Applications - The Hess's law has been useful to calculate the enthalpy changes for the reactions with their

enthalpies being not known experimentally.

Give cis and trans isomers of [CO(NH3)4Cl2]+

Q.3) explain any four principles of green chemistry.

Ans – 1. Prevention of waste or by products :

To give priority for the prevention of waste rather than cleaning up and treating waste after it has been created.

2. Atom economy : Atom economy is a measure of the amount of atoms from the starting materials that are
present in the useful products at the end of chemical process. Good atom economy means most of the atoms
of the reactants are incorporated in the desired products and only small amounts of unwanted byproducts are
formed and hence lesser problems of waste disposal.
3. Less hazardous chemical synthesis - Designed chemical reactions and synthesis routes should be as safe as possible So
that we can avoid formation of hazardous waste from chemical processes.
4.Desigining Safer Chemicals : This principle is quite similar to the previous one. To develop products that are less
toxic or which require less toxic raw materials.
Q.4) Derive the relation between the half life period and rate constant for first order reaction.

The integrated rate law for the first order reaction is

K = 2.303 / t log10 [A0] / [At]

where [A] 0 is the initial concentration of reactant at t = 0. It falls to [A]t at time t after the start of the raction.
The time required for [A]0 to become [A]0/2 is denoted as t1/2

or [A]t = [A]0/2 at t = t 1/2

Putting this condition in the integrated rate law we write

K = 2.303 / t 1/2 log10 [A0] / [A0] / 2

K= 2.303 / t 1/2 log10 2

k = 2.303 / t 1/2 × 0.3010

K = 0.693 / t 1/2

t 1/2 = 0.693 / k