Web Technology refers to the various tools and techniques that are utilized

in the process of communication between different types of devices over

the Internet. A web browser is used to access web pages. Web browsers
can be defined as programs that display text, data, pictures, animation, and
video on the Internet. Hyperlinked resources on the World Wide Web can be
accessed using software interfaces provided by Web browsers.
Web Technology can be Classified into the Following Sections:
● WWW stands for World Wide Web and is commonly known as the
Web. The WWW was started by Tim Berner Lee in 1989. WWW is
defined as the collection of different websites around the world,
containing different information shared via local servers(or
computers).
● Web pages are linked together using hyperlinks which are HTML-
formatted and, also referred to as hypertext, these are the
fundamental units of the Internet and are accessed
through Hypertext Transfer Protocol(HTTP). Such digital
connections, or links, allow users to easily access desired information
by connecting relevant pieces of information. The benefit of
hypertext is it allows you to pick a word or phrase from the text and
click on other sites that have more information about it.
● Web Browser: The web browser is an application software to
explore www (World Wide Web). It provides an interface between the
server and the client and requests to the server for web documents
and services.
● Web Server: Web server is a program which processes the network
requests of the users and serves them with files that create web
pages. This exchange takes place using Hypertext Transfer Protocol
(HTTP).
● Web Pages: A webpage is a digital document that is linked to the
World Wide Web and viewable by anyone connected to the internet
has a web browser.
● Web Development: Web development refers to the building,
creating, and maintaining of websites. It includes aspects such as
web design, web publishing, web programming, and database
management. It is the creation of an application that works over the
internet i.e. websites.
Web Development can be Classified into Two Ways:
● Frontend Development: The part of a website that the user interacts
directly is termed as front end. It is also referred to as the ‘client side’
of the application.
● Backend Development: Backend is the server side of a website. It is
the part of the website that users cannot see and interact. It is the
portion of software that does not come in direct contact with the
users. It is used to store and arrange data.

Frontend Development Languages

The front-end portion is built by using some languages which are discussed
below:
● HTML: HTML stands for Hypertext Markup Language. It is used to
design the front-end portion of web pages using a markup language.
HTML is the combination of Hypertext and Markup language.
Hypertext defines the link between the web pages. The markup
language is used to define the text documentation within the tag
which defines the structure of web pages.
● CSS: Cascading Style Sheets fondly referred to as CSS is a simply
designed language intended to simplify the process of making web
pages presentable. CSS allows you to apply styles to web pages.
More importantly, CSS enables you to do this independent of the
HTML that makes up each web page.
 ● JavaScript: JavaScript is a famous scripting language used to
create magic on the sites to make the site interactive for the user. It
is used to enhancing the functionality of a website to running cool
games and web-based software.
● AJAX: Ajax is an acronym for Asynchronous Javascript and XML. It
is used to communicate with the server without refreshing the web
page and thus increasing the user experience and better
performance.
There are many other languages through which one can do front-end
development depending upon the framework for
example Flutter user Dart, React uses JavaScript and Django uses Python,
and much more.
Backend Development Languages
The back end portion is built by using some languages which are discussed
below:
● PHP: PHP is a server-side scripting language designed specifically
for web development. Since PHP code executed on the server-side,
so it is called a server-side scripting language.
● Node.js: Node.js is an open-source and cross-platform runtime
environment for executing JavaScript code outside a browser. You
need to remember that NodeJS is not a framework, and it’s not a
programming language. Most people are confused and understand
it’s a framework or a programming language. We often use Node.js
for building back-end services like APIs like Web App or Mobile App.
It’s used in production by large companies such as Paypal, Uber,
Netflix, Wallmart, and so on.
● Python: Python is a programming language that lets you work
quickly and integrate systems more efficiently.
● Ruby: Ruby is a dynamic, reflective, object-oriented, general-purpose
programming language. Ruby is a pure Object-Oriented language
developed by Yukihiro Matsumoto. Everything in Ruby is an object
except the blocks but there are replacements too for it i.e procs and
lambda. The objective of Ruby’s development was to make it act as a
 sensible buffer between human programmers and the underlying
computing machinery.
● Java: Java is one of the most popular and widely used programming
languages and platforms. It is highly scalable. Java components are
easily available.
● JavaScript: JavaScript can be used as both (front end and back end)
programming.
● Golang: Golang is a procedural and statically typed programming
language having the syntax similar to C programming language.
Sometimes it is termed as Go Programming Language.
● C#: C# is a general-purpose, modern and object-oriented
programming language pronounced as “C sharp”.
● DBMS: The software which is used to manage database is called
Database Management System (DBMS).
Web Protocols
Web protocols are set of rules followed by everyone communicating over
the web.
● HTTP: The Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) is designed to
enable communications between clients and servers. HTTP works as
a request-response protocol between a client and server. A web
browser may be the client, and an application on a computer that
hosts a web site may be the server.
● Other Protocols:TCP/IP: These are a set of standard rules that
allows different types of computers to communicate with each
other. The IP protocol ensures that each computer that is
connected to the Internet is having a specific serial number
called the IP address. TCP specifies how data is exchanged
over the internet and how it should be broken into IP packets. It
also makes sure that the packets have information about the
source of the message data, the destination of the message
data, the sequence in which the message data should be re-
assembled, and checks if the message has been sent correctly
to the specific destination. The TCP is also known as a
connection-oriented protocol.
● SMTP: These protocols are important for sending and distributing
outgoing emails. This protocol uses the header of the mail to
get the email id of the receiver and enters the mail into the
queue of outgoing mail. And as soon as it delivers the mail to
the receiving email id, it removes the email from the outgoing
list. The message or the electronic mail may consider the text,
video, image, etc. It helps in setting up some communication
server rules.
● PPP: It is a communication protocol that is used to create a direct
connection between two communicating devices. This protocol
defines the rules using which two devices will authenticate
with each other and exchange information with each other. For
example, A user connects his PC to the server of an Internet
Service Provider and also uses PPP. Similarly, for connecting
two routers for direct communication it uses PPP.
● FTP: This protocol is used for transferring files from one system to
the other. This works on a client-server model. When a
machine requests for file transfer from another machine, the
FTO sets up a connection between the two and authenticates
each other using their ID and Password. And, the desired file
transfer takes place between the machines.