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    Lesson 1

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    Lesson 1

    Uploaded by

    Jasmine
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    5 views6 pages

    Lesson 1

    Uploaded by

    Jasmine

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    Lesson 1 & 2: Introduction to Athletics

    At the end of five weeks, students should be able to:

    Define Terms Used in Athletics:

    -Athletics encompasses track and field events, which are categorized into track events
    (running and walking) and field events (throwing and jumping).
    Trace the Historical Development of Athletics:

    -Athletics is one of the oldest sports, originating from Ancient Greece. The modern version
    reemerged in 19th-century England.
    Identify and Execute Basic Skills:

    Basic skills include proper arm position, arm swing, avoiding midline crossing, hip
    extension, head position, and foot contact for running.
    Recognize the Rules of Each Event:

    Understand the rules for various events such as sprints, middle and long distance, hurdles,
    steeplechase, and relays.
    Analyze Playing Rules:

    Analyze and understand the specific rules for each event.


    Identify Facilities and Equipment:

    Recognize facilities and equipment used in different events.


    Identify Technical Officials:

    Learn about the officials who oversee the events during competitions.

    What is Athletics?
    Athletics refers to a group of sports including track and field events. These events are
    divided into:

    Track Events: Running and walking.


    Field Events: Throwing and jumping.

    The History of Athletics


    Ancient Greece (776 B.C. - 394 A.D.): The origins of athletics can be traced back to the
    Ancient Greek Olympics. The games were held every four years and included various track
    and field events.
    Post-Roman Era: After the Roman emperor Theodosius banned the Olympic Games in 394
    A.D., athletics declined for approximately 1,500 years.
    19th Century England: Athletics was revived. In 1866, the Amateur Athletic Club held the
    first English Championships. This organization’s rules form the basis of modern athletics.
    1896: The first Modern Olympics were held, marking the resurgence of athletics.
    1913: The International Amateur Athletic Federation (IAAF) was established to oversee
    rules and records in athletics.
    Notable Athletes:

    Jesse Owens: American athlete who won four gold medals in the 1936 Berlin Olympics.
    Usain Bolt: Jamaican sprinter, considered the greatest sprinter of all time, won gold in
    100m and 200m across three consecutive Olympics.

    Track Events and Basic Skills


    Track Events:

    Sprints: 100m, 200m, 400m


    Middle Distance: 800m, 1500m
    Long Distance: 3000m, 5000m, 10,000m
    Steeplechase: 3000m, 2000m
    Hurdles: 110/100m, 400m
    Relays: 4x100m, 4x200m, 4x400m
    Basic Skills in Running and Walking:

    Arm Position: Keep arms close to the body, avoid crossing them in front.
    Arm Swing: Helps with balance and rhythm, especially in endurance running.
    No Crossing Over Midline: Feet should land in line with the hips to maintain stability.
    Hip Extension: Greater hip extension leads to faster running.
    Head Position: Look 10-15 meters ahead to maintain good body posture.
    Foot Contact and Cadence: Aim for efficient foot landing to minimize braking forces.
    Sprints: Maximize speed over short distances.

    Middle Distance: Balance speed and endurance.

    Long Distance: Focus on endurance and pacing.

    Steeplechase: Overcome obstacles, including barriers and water jumps.

    Hurdles: Jump over hurdles while maintaining speed.

    Relays: Team-based races requiring smooth baton exchanges.

    Race Walking: Maintain walking form while walking as fast as possible.

    Facilities and Equipment for Track Events


    Facilities:

    Running Track: Oval track with lanes for different events.


    Starting Blocks: Used for sprints.
    Lap Counter: Counts the laps completed.
    Equipment:

    Track Shoes or Spikes: Provide traction.


    Starting Pistols & Blanks: Signal the start of races.
    Stopwatches: Measure race times.
    Race Clocks: Display current times.
    Track Shirts and Spandex/Shorts: Standard athletic wear.

    Field Events: Jumping


    Long Jump:

    Approach Run: Sprint towards the take-off board.


    Take-Off: Jump from the board and fly through the air.
    Flight: The airborne phase.
    Landing: Land in the sand pit.
    Triple Jump:

    Hop: Jump from one foot.


    Step: Follow with a second jump from the same foot.
    Jump: Final leap into the sand pit.
    Pole Vault: Jumping over a high bar using a pole.

    High Jump: Jumping over a bar set at increasing heights.

    Facilities and Equipment:

    Long Jump: Sand pit, measuring tapes.


    Triple Jump: Similar facilities to the long jump, with additional markings for hop, step, and
    jump phases.
    Pole Vault and High Jump: High jump bar, pole vault pole, landing mats.

    Athletics Field Events: Comprehensive Reviewer


    1. Triple Jump
    Phases of the Triple Jump
    Step:

    Objective: Land on the other foot used to take off from the board and during the hop phase.
    Key Aspects: Maintain horizontal velocity, gain distance, and prepare for the jump phase.
    Jump:

    Objective: Maximize distance, maintain horizontal velocity, and prepare for landing.
    Key Aspects: Success largely depends on performance in the previous phases.
    Landing:

    Objective: Ensure a smooth landing with minimal loss of balance.


    Key Aspects: Head and torso should remain upright; arms move down from above the
    head; land slightly heel-first.
    Facilities and Equipment
    Sand Pit or Jumping Pit: Area where athletes land.
    Pit Levelers and Rakes: Ensure the pit is level and free of debris.
    Measuring Tapes: Measure the distance of the jump.
    2. High Jump
    Basic Skills in High Jump
    Run-up: Prepares the athlete for take-off.
    Take-off: Execute a powerful and precise jump near the crossbar.
    Flight/Clearance: Focus on maintaining concentration to clear the bar.
    Landing: Use a soft, smooth mat or pit to ensure a safe landing.
    Facilities and Equipment
    Cross Bar: The bar that athletes must clear.
    Landing Mat or Jumping Pit: Cushioned area for safe landing.
    Jump Standards: Support the cross bar.
    3. Pole Vault

    Basic Skills in Pole Vault


    The Grip: Hands placed on the pole with right hand facing up and left hand facing down.
    Running Approach: Maintain an upright posture and gradually transition to a straight
    position.

    Planting the Vault: Convert horizontal momentum into vertical lift by extending strides and
    proper planting technique.
    Take-off and Drive Swing: Initiate take-off with full arm extension and hitting the pole tip into
    the plant box.

    Swing Up: Complete a drive swing while pushing the take-off leg and swinging it in the
    reverse direction.

    Extension-Pull-Turn: Utilize stored energy to lift upwards during the unbending process.

    Flyaway/Clearance: Push back from the top of the pole, with legs piking around the bar.
    Facilities and Equipment

    Pole Vault Poles: Made of carbon fiber or fiberglass.


    Pole Vault Crossbars: Horizontal bar athletes must clear.
    Pole Vault Pits and Pit Covers/Shelters: Ensure a safe landing area.
    Pole Vault Standards & Base Pads: Support and secure the crossbar.

    4. Shot Put
    Basic Skills in Shot Put
    Shot Put Grip and Placement:

    Hold the shot at the base of the fingers, not the palm.
    Placement of the shot against the neck with the elbow parallel to the floor.
    Delivery of the Shot:

    Keep eyes up, punch the shot away from the neck with the elbow high, and finish with a
    wrist flip.
    Power Position:

    Stand perpendicular to the throwing direction with feet shoulder-width apart, transitioning
    weight from the right to the left leg.
    Glide Position:

    Stand facing away from the sector, place the shot against the neck, and glide into the power
    position.
    Facilities and Equipment

    Throwing Circle: Concrete circle from which the shot is thrown.


    Stop Board: Board at the front of the circle.
    Landing Sector: Area where the shot lands.

    Basic Rules and Regulations


    Athlete has 60 seconds to release the shot after their name is called.
    The shot must be held close to the neck and released above shoulder height.
    The athlete must not touch the top or outside of the circle or stop board.
    Exiting the circle must be from the back.
    5. Discus Throw

    Basic Skills in Discus

    Grip: Fingers spread evenly on top of the discus.

    Stance: Feet wider than shoulder-width, facing away from the target.
    Windup: Swing discus back towards the opposite shoulder to establish rhythm.
    Starting the Throw: Rotate torso and transfer weight to the left foot.
    Beginning the Turn: Rotate shoulders and pivot on the left foot.
    Completing the Turn: Continue pivoting and push off with the left foot.

    Facilities and Equipment


    Discus: Circular disc with a metallic rim.
    Throwing Circle: Circular area from which the discus is thrown.
    Landing Sector: Area where the discus lands.
    Basic Rules and Regulations

    Discus must have a circular edge and smooth surface.


    Athlete must not touch the rim or beyond the circle.
    If the discus lands outside the sector, it is considered a foul.
    6. Hammer Throw
    Basic Skills in Hammer Throw
    Grip: Left hand grips the handle, with the right hand on top.
    Swings: Use two or more swings to build momentum.
    Entry: Start turning with the hammer in front of the thrower.
    Turns: Increase hammer speed with balanced footwork and leg power.
    Delivery: Extend through the ankles, knees, and hips to propel the hammer.
    Facilities and Equipment
    Hammer: Heavy metal ball attached to a wire handle.
    Throwing Circle: Concrete circle from which the hammer is thrown.
    Landing Sector: Area where the hammer lands.
    7. Javelin
    Basic Skills in Javelin
    Grip: Firm grip behind the binding, with fingers pressing on the javelin.

    Start and Carry: Carry javelin above the shoulders and head.
    Approach Run: Use 13 to 17 strides, with hips high and running on the balls of the feet.
    Withdrawal: Accelerate ahead of the javelin, maintaining momentum.
    Transition: Place the right foot ahead of the center of gravity and maintain a lean back.
    Pre-Delivery Stride: Align shoulders and hips with the throw direction.
    Delivery: Drive the javelin with a thrusting leg action and align the arm for a powerful
    release.
    Recovery: Halt the athlete by bringing the right leg past the left foot.
    Facilities and Equipment
    Javelin: Metal spear used for throwing.
    Throwing Sector: Area where the javelin lands. jump bar, pole vault pole, landing mats.

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