MURANG’A HIGH SCHOOL

CHEMISTRY FORM 3 NOV / DEC HOLIDAY ASSIGNMENT- 2024

NB: Read and make notes on metals

Questions

1. A student mixed equal volumes of Ethanol and butanoic acid. He added a few drops of concentrated
Sulphuric (VI) acid and warmed the mixture
(i)Name and write the formula of the main products
Name………………………………….
Formula……………………………………..
(ii) Which homologous series does the product named in (i) above belong?
2. Sodium octadecanoate has a chemical formula CH3(CH2)6 COO-Na+, which is used as soap. Explain why a
lot of soap is needed when washing with hard water
3. The formula below represents active ingredients of two cleansing agents A and B

Which one of the cleansing agents would be suitable to be used in water containing magnesium hydrogen
carbonate? Explain
4. Study the polymer below and use it to answer the questions that follow:

(a) Give the name of the monomer and draw its structures
(b) Identify the type of polymerization that takes place
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 (c) State one advantage of synthetic polymers
5. Ethanol and Pentane are miscible liquids. Explain how water can be used to separate a mixture of
ethanol and pentane

6. (a) Give the IUPAC name of the following compound:

(i) CH3COOCH2CH3
(a) The structure below shows some reactions starting with ethanol. Study it and answer the questions
that follow:

(i) Write the formula of the organic compounds P and S *

(ii) Name the type of reaction, the reagent(s) and condition for the reactions in the following
steps :-
(I) Step I *
(II) Step II *
(III) Step III *
(iii) Name reagent R …………………………………………………………… *
(iii) Draw the structural formula of T and give its name *
(iv) Name compound U

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7. (a) Study the schematic diagram below and answer the questions that follow:-

(i) Identify the following:

Substance Q ............................................................................
Substance R............................................................................
Gas P....................................................................................

(ii) Name:
Step 1.................................................................................................
Step 4.................................................................................................

(iii) Draw the structural formula of the major product of step 5

(iv) State the condition and reagent in step 3

8. a) Give the names of the following compounds:

i) CH3CH2CH2CH2OH ……………………………………………………………………
ii) CH3CH2COOH …………………………………………………………………
iii) CH3C – O- CH2CH3 ……………………………………………………………………

9. Write an equation to show products formed for the complete combustion of CH = CH

i) Explain one disadvantage of continued use of items made form the compound formed in
step III

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10. Give the IUPAC name for each of the following organic compounds;
i) CH3 - CH - CH2 - CH3
|
OH
ii) CH3 – CH – CH2 – CH2 - CH3
|
C2H5
iii) CH3COOCH2CH2CH3

11. The structure below represents a cleansing agent. O

||
R – S – O-Na+
||
O
a) State the type of cleansing agent represented above
b) State one advantage and one disadvantage of using the above cleansing agent.
12. The flow chart below represents a series of reactions starting with ethanoic acid:-

(a) Identify substances A and B

(b) Name the process I
13. (a) What is meant by the term, esterification?
(b) Draw the structural formulae of two compounds that may be reacted to form ethylpropanoate
14. (a) Draw the structure of pentanoic acid
(b) Draw the structure and give the name of the organic compound formed when ethanol reacts with
pentanoic acid in presence of concentrated sulphuric acid
15. Substances A and B are represented by the formulae ROH and RCOOH respectively.They
belong to two different homologous series of organic compounds. If both A and B react with
potassium metal:
(a) Name the common product produced by both
(b) State the observation made when each of the samples A and B are reacted with sodium
hydrogen carbonate
(i) A
(ii) B
16. Plastics and rubber are extensively used to cover electrical wires.
(a) What term is used to describe plastic and rubbers used in this way?
(b) Explain why plastics and rubbers are used this way

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17. The structure below represents a polymer. Study and answer the questions that follow:-

(i) Name the polymer above....................................................................

(ii) Determine the value of n if giant molecule had relative molecular mass of 4956
18. RCOO-Na+ and RCH2OSO3-Na+ are two types of cleansing agents;
i) Name the class of cleansing agents to which each belongs
ii) Which one of these agents in (i) above would be more suitable when washing with water
from the Indian ocean. Explain
iii) Both sulphur (IV) oxide and chlorine are used bleaching agents. Explain the difference in their
bleaching properties
19. Study the reaction below and answer the questions that followNH3 (g) + H2O (l) →
NH4 (aq) + OH-(aq)
+
(i) Define the term acid
(ii) Identify an acid in the above reaction
(iii) Explain your answers in (b) above
20. A sample of water from a village in Trans Mara East District was divided intoequal Portions and
each mixed with equal volume of soap solution. The observations made are tabulated below:

Sample of Treatment before adding Observations made on

water soap shaking with soap

I Boiled Lather form immediately

II No treatment Slight lather form slowly
III Treatment with washing soda Lather formed
immediately

(a) What type of hardness is present in water from the village. Explain
(b) State one advantage of hard water
21. The solubility of Iron (II) Sulphate crystals are 22oC is 15.65g per 100g of water. Calculate the mass of
iron(II) sulphate crystals in 45g of saturated solution at thesame temperature

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 22. Hardness of water may be removed by either boiling or addition of chemicals:
(i) Write an equation to show how boiling removes hardness of water
23. Given this reaction
RNH2 + H2O→ RNH3+ +OH-
a) Identify the acid in the forward reaction .Explain
b) Dilute nitric acid can react with a solution of sodium carbonate. Write anionic equation for the
reaction
24. Magnesium hydrogen carbonate is responsible for the temporary hardness ofwater. This type of hardness
can be removed by addition of ammonia solution
(i) Describe how temporarily hard water is formed
b) Write an equation to show the softening of temporarily hard water by theaddition of aqueous ammonium
solution
25. Below is a table showing the solubilities of salts Q and R at differenttemperatures.
Temperature oC 0 10 20 30 40 50
Solubilities in grammes per Salt Q 3.0 5.0 7.4 10.0 14.0 19.0
100gof water
Salt R 15. 17. 20. 25.7 28.7 33.0
0 0 7

(a) Define the term “Solubility of salt”

(b) If both salts Q and R are present in 100cm3 of saturated solution at 50oC, whatwill be the total
mass of crystals formed if the solution was cooled to 20oC?

26. (a) The following results were obtained during an experiment to determine thesolubility of potassium
chlorate(V)in water at 30ºC. Mass of
evaporating dish =15.86g
Mass of evaporating dish + saturated solution at 30ºC = 26.8g
Mass of evaporation dish +solid potassium chlorate (v) after evaporation todryness=16.86g
Calculate the mass of the saturated solution containing 60.0g of water at 30
(b) The table below gives the solubility of salt X in grams per 100g of water atdifferent
temperatures
Temp oC 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
Solubility 5.0 7.5 10.5 14.0 18.5 24.0 30.0 38.0 46.0 50.1
(g/100g)water

(i) Plot a solubility curve for salt X (solubility in g /100g water Y- axis) (temp oC(X –axis)
(ii) What is meant by the points plotted in (i) above?......................................
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 (iii) From your graph determine the solubility of salt X at the following temperaturesI 44oC
………………………………………….
II 62oC ………………………………………. .
(iv) What mass of crystals of the salt will be formed if the solution was cooledfrom
62oC to 44oC

27. The table shows solubility of potassium chlorate V

Temp 45oC 80o
(oC)
Solubility 39 63

Calculate the mass of solute and solvent in 90g of the saturated solution of thesalt at 45oC

28. A solution of the salt in 100g water contains 63g at 95oC. At what temperaturewill the solution
start forming crystals when cooled Study the following tests and observation and answer the questions
thatfollow:-
TEST OBSERVATION
I - Add few drops of acqueous ammonia to - Light blue precipitate isformed
copper (II) nitrate
solution

II - Add excess of ammonia to copper - Deep blue solution

(II) nitrate

III - Add cold dilute hydrochloric acid tosubstance - Gas evolved, smells of rotten
E1 and warm gently eggs and blackens leadacetate
paper

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 Identify:-
(a) Substance responsible for:
I. Light blue precipitate…………………………………………………………………
II. Deep blue solution …………………………………………………………….
(b) Gas evolved in test III above …………………………………………………………

29. In an experiment to determine the solubility of solid Y in water at 30oC thefollowing results were
obtained;
Mass of empty evaporating dish = 26.2g
Mass of evaporating dish + saturated solution = 42.4gMass of evaporating dish
+ dry solid Y = 30.4g
(i) Use the data to calculate the solubility of solid Y at 30oC
(ii) State one application of solubility curves and values

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