T heo r y :

The purpose of this project is to interface an RFID (Radio Frequency

Identification) module with an Arduino microcontroller to read RFID tags and
use a LED as an indicator of a successful or unsuccessful scan.
In this project, an RFID reader (RC522) is connected to the Arduino board.
When an RFID tag is scanned, the Arduino reads the unique ID from the tag
and compares it with a pre-stored valid ID. If the tag is valid, an LED lights
up as a positive feedback mechanism. If the tag is invalid, the LED is turned
off or a different LED (green) lights up.
C o m po n en t s R eq u ir e d :
1. Arduino Board (Uno)
2. RFID Module (e.g., RC522)
3. RFID Tags/Cards
4. LED (for visual feedback)
5. Jumper Wires
6. Breadboard

U se s o f A r d u i n o w it h a n R F I D m o d u l e &L E D :
Using an Arduino with an RFID module and LED indicator has many practical
applications, especially in the areas of security, access control, and
automation. Below are some of the common uses for such a system:
1. Access Control System
 Purpose: RFID-based access control systems are widely used for
securing doors, gates, or rooms.
 How it works: The RFID reader scans an RFID tag or card. If the tag
matches a stored "authorized" UID (Unique Identifier), the system
triggers an action (e.g., unlocking a door or granting access), with
visual feedback provided by the LED. A green LED lights up for
authorized users, and a red LED indicates a denied entry.
 Applications:
o Office or home security doors.
o Server rooms and restricted areas.
 o Locker systems (e.g., in gyms or libraries).
2. Attendance System
 Purpose: Use RFID for automated attendance tracking in schools,
workplaces, or events.
 How it works: Each student or employee is given an RFID tag. When
they scan their tag at an RFID reader, the system logs their presence,
and the LED gives immediate feedback (green for presence, red for an
unregistered or invalid card).
 Applications:
o Classroom attendance.
o Employee clock-in/out systems.
o Event registration and check-ins.
3. Inventory Management
 Purpose: RFID can help automate inventory tracking, allowing users to
quickly scan RFID tags on items to log their arrival or departure.
 How it works: When a product or item with an RFID tag is scanned, the
system logs the event, and an LED indicates whether the item is
correctly checked in or out. A green LED might confirm a successful
scan, while a red LED can signal a mismatch or error in the inventory.
 Applications:
o Warehouse management.
o Retail and stockroom inventory tracking.
o Library book checkouts and returns.
4. Smart Home Automation
 Purpose: RFID can be integrated into smart home systems to trigger
actions like turning on lights, opening gates, or activating appliances
based on scanned tags.
 How it works: When an authorized RFID tag is scanned, the system can
trigger an event like turning on lights (green LED) or unlocking a gate.
Unauthorized tags can trigger a red LED or prevent action.
 Applications:
 o Opening doors or garage gates based on scanned RFID tags.
o Controlling lights or other appliances when a person enters a
r oom.
o Childproofing (granting access to specific devices or rooms only
for authorized people).
5. Cashless Payment Systems
 Purpose: Implement RFID-based payment solutions for vending machines,
stores, or transit systems.
 How it works: When a valid RFID card or tag is scanned, the system
reads the stored credentials (e.g., balance) and approves the
transaction. A green LED might indicate successful payment, while a
red LED would show an error or insufficient balance.
 Applications:
o Vending machines.
o Transportation systems (e.g., metro, bus systems).
o Cafeterias and small retail outlets with prepaid cards.
6. Personalized Experience Systems
 Purpose: Use RFID to create personalized experiences for customers or
users based on their identity or preferences.
 How it works: When an RFID tag is scanned, the system can trigger
personalized settings or actions (e.g., adjusting room temperature,
playing a personalized playlist). LEDs provide feedback based on the
successful or unsuccessful completion of these actions.
 Applications:
o Hotel room automation (e.g., adjusting lights and temperature).
o Personalized greeting in exhibitions or museums.
o Customized settings for workplaces or study spaces.
7. Fitness or Health Tracking
 Purpose: Use RFID to track user access to fitness equipment or gym
facilities, or even for logging health metrics.
 How it works: Users scan their RFID tags to access gym equipment or
record their fitness activity. A green LED lights up for successful
registration, while a red LED can signal an issue (e.g., expired
membership or unauthorized access).
 Applications:
o Gym membership tracking.
o Health clubs or spas for member check-ins.
o Fitness equipment usage logging.
8. Vehicle Access and Parking Systems
 Purpose: RFID systems can be used to automate vehicle access in
parking lots or garages, providing both convenience and security.
 How it works: Vehicles equipped with RFID tags automatically trigger
gates or barriers to open upon approach. The system can also provide
LED feedback (green for access granted, red for access denied) based
on registration status or parking space availability.
 Applications:
o Automated parking systems.
o Vehicle access to secure parking lots or buildings.
o Toll booths for toll collection.
9. Event Management
 Purpose: Use RFID to automate attendee registration and provide
access control during events.
 How it works: Attendees are given RFID wristbands or cards that
grant them access to certain areas of an event. The system can light
up a green LED when access is granted and a red LED if the attendee
doesn't have proper access.
 Applications:
o Conferences and trade shows.
o Festivals and concerts.
o VIP access at sports events.
 10. Lost and Found Systems
 Purpose: RFID tags can be used to track personal belongings in places
like airports, libraries, or schools, ensuring items are not misplaced.
 How it works: Each item is tagged with an RFID tag. When scanned by
the system, the LED indicator shows whether the item is found (green
LED) or not registered in the system (red LED).
 Applications:
o Lost item tracking in public places.
o School or workplace lost and found systems.
o Airport baggage claim systems.

A d v a n t a g es o f U si n g R F I D w i t h A r d u i n o a n d L E D s :
 Low Cost and Easy Setup: RFID components (modules, tags) are
affordable, and integrating them with an Arduino is relatively simple.
 Automated Feedback: The LED indicators provide a visual and
immediate response to the user's actions, enhancing user experience.
 Customizability: The system can be easily expanded or modified for
various applications, such as adding more tags or integrating with
other sensors or systems.
 Security and Convenience: RFID-based systems improve security (by
controlling access) while offering convenience (quick scanning, hands-
free interactions).

P r o g r a m o r ci r cu i t d i a g r a m :
#include <SPI.h>

#include <MFRC522.h>

// Pin definition for RFID reader

#define RST_PIN 9

#define SS_PIN 10

MFRC522 mfrc522(SS_PIN, RST_PIN); // Create MFRC522 instance

// Pin definition for LED

#define LED_PIN 7
void setup() {

// Start serial communication

Serial.begin(9600);

// Initialize RFID reader

SPI.begin(); // Initiate SPI bus

mfrc522.PCD_Init(); // Initialize MFRC522

// Initialize LED pin

pinMode(LED_PIN, OUTPUT);

digitalWrite(LED_PIN, LOW); // Turn off LED initially

Serial.println("Scan your RFID tag...");

void loop() {

// Look for new cards

if (mfrc522.PICC_IsNewCardPresent()) {

// Select one of the cards

if (mfrc522.PICC_ReadCardSerial()) {

// Print UID of the card

Serial.print("UID tag:33943213 ");

String uid = "";

for (byte i = 0; i < mfrc522.uid.size; i++) {

uid += String(mfrc522.uid.uidByte[i], HEX);

Serial.println(uid);

// If the UID matches a predefined valid UID (e.g., "12345678")

if (uid == "33943213") {

Serial.println("33943213. LED ON.");

digitalWrite(LED_PIN, HIGH); // Turn on LED

} else {

Serial.println("Invalid tag.");

digitalWrite(LED_PIN, LOW); // Turn off LED

mfrc522.PICC_HaltA(); // Halt the current card

mfrc522.PCD_StopCrypto1(); // Stop encryption

}
 }

R e su l ts:
In this project, the Arduino reads RFID tags via the RFID module (such as the
MFRC522) and provides feedback through LED indicators. The result depends
on whether the scanned RFID tag matches a predefined valid UID. Let's break
down the expected results and behavior: