DOCUMENT NO: 250960 DP

RECORD OF CHANGES
Description Rev. Date

Originated A 990928

Updated to describe the horn antenna B 000616

Mechanical outline changed C 000705

Rewritten to include Horizontally Polarised antenna, title changed ac- D 001212

cordingly. Tolerances tightened based on production experience. Scan-
ner reinforced for increased wind speed

Characteristics of 21’/18’ CP-I and 18’ CP-F added. Elevation pattern of E 011029
21’ CP-I added and forces acting on the antennas

Relative Humidity characteristics added in 5.0 F 030321

Frequency band of VSWR specified. New version added. G See sheet 1

Min. coverage increased to -42°

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 Contents

1. INTRODUCTION ...........................................................................................................4
1.1 Antenna types ....................................................................................................................4

2. PRODUCT CHARACTERISTICS ................................................................................5

2.1 The Scanner .......................................................................................................................5
2.2 Turntable & RF Feed .........................................................................................................5
2.3 Heater and Sensors ............................................................................................................6

3. SPECIFICATIONS .........................................................................................................7
3.1 Main data ...........................................................................................................................7
3.2 Horizontal Radiation Pattern .............................................................................................8
3.3 Elevation Patterns ..............................................................................................................9
3.4 RF Power handling ..........................................................................................................10
3.5 RF Flange.........................................................................................................................10
3.6 Colour Scheme.................................................................................................................10

4. WEIGHT & MECHANICAL DIMENSIONS ............................................................11

4.1 Forces acting on the antenna............................................................................................12

5. ENVIRONMENTAL CAPABILITIES AND CONSTRAINTS ................................13

6. MAINTENANCE...........................................................................................................13

ANNEX 1 CONVERSION TABLE ..................................................................................14

ANNEX 2 ABBREVIATIONS...........................................................................................15

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1. INTRODUCTION

The SCANTER Radar Systems are tailored for professional customers such as defence, customs,
coast guards, airports, and other authorities requiring reliable operation and high performance.
The high gain antenna family includes fixed Circularly Polarised (CP) and fixed Horizontally Po-
larised (HP) Slotted Waveguide antennas for:

• Airport SMR
• Coastal surveillance
• VTS applications

• Ship borne surveillance applications

Circular polarisation and beam forming techniques provide low susceptibility to precipitation and
sea spray.
Additional performance is achieved when combined with Frequency Diversity, reducing target
fluctuation and utilising squint characteristics to suppress sea clutter.
As the shape of individual water drops approaches perfect spheres, the back-scatter from the cir-
cularly polarised incident electromagnetic field rotates with opposite polarisation. This funda-
mental characteristic is utilised for suppression of rain clutter and back-scatter from sea spray.
Colour, motor voltages and azimuth interfaces are configurable to meet individual project re-
quirements.

1.1 Antenna types

This specification describes the following antenna types:

• The 21’ CP-F-38, circularly polarised fan beam antenna

• The 21’ HP-F-38, horizontally polarised fan beam antenna
• The 18’ CP-F-37, circularly polarised fan beam antenna

• The 18’ HP-F-37, horizontally polarised fan beam antenna

• The 21’ CP-C-37, circularly polarised Cosec2 antenna

• The 21’ CP-I-37, circularly polarised Inv. Cosec2 antenna

• The 18’ CP-C-36, circularly polarised Cosec2 antenna

(available as reinforced for use onboard ships).

• The 18’ CP-I-36, circularly polarised Inv. Cosec2 antenna

The intention is to extend this specification with new antenna types of the same family as they
enter series production. Such include 14’ antennas.

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2. PRODUCT CHARACTERISTICS

The high gain antennas consist of 2 main assemblies; the Scanner (rotodome) including RF feed
and the turntable. The turntable includes azimuth encoder(s), supports a rotary joint and features
mounting of heater elements and sensors.

2.1 The Scanner

The Scanner consists of horn, slotted waveguide, polarisation filter and RF feed housed in a
lightweight radome with low-loss impact resistant window protecting against sun radiation.

The parts are fixed in a strong, stiff and lightening protected aluminium structure.

Additionally, circularly polarised units include a multi-layer periodic array polarizer in front of
the horn. This provides efficient cancellation of back-scatter from precipitation over the entire
frequency range and at all elevation angles.

2.2 Turntable & RF Feed

The turntable housing is aluminium cast and contains the drive shaft for the aerial and the turning
mechanism. The assembly is fitted with digital transmitter(s) giving output data equivalent to the
radiation bearing with a 1:1 gearing ratio.

Azimuth
Encoder (s)

Figure 2.2-1: Principal sketch. The number of shaft encoders may vary.

The azimuth data transfer gear includes backlash on the gearwheels to absorb tolerances and wear
ensuring maintenance free operation for several years.

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 Alignment to the north must be performed externally to the antenna, e.g. by the Radar Trans-
ceiver.
The drive motor is 3-phased and fixed to the turntable housing with 4 bolts for easy replacement.

2.3 Heater and Sensors

The motor is protected by means of a thermal switch, integrated in the motor stator windings for
efficient shut down in case of overheat, e.g. as a result of the Scanner being blocked.
60-RPM versions are equipped with sensors for low oil level and high motor temperature
The turntable enables mounting of thermostatically controlled De-icing heaters for areas with se-
vere ice conditions. This enables break-up of up to 40 mm clear ice for 20-RPM versions and 20
mm clear ice for 60-RPM versions.

Warning Do not substitute the built-in thermal switches by an external motor protector. Ex-
treme external temperatures, wind chill etc., may render such devices too slow or
may cause unnecessary emergency stops.

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3. SPECIFICATIONS

3.1 Main data

TERMA HIGH GAIN SWG ANTENNA FAMILY

21' 21' 18' 18' 21' 21' 18' 18'
Antenna Type SCANTER CP-F- HP-F- CP-F- HP-F- CP-C- CP-I- CP-C- CP-I- Unit
38 38 37 37 37 37 36 36
MAIN PARAMETERS

Frequency Band 9140 – 9470 MHz

VSWR 9345 – 9405 MHz ≤ 1.15
9140 – 9470 MHz ≤ 1.20
Gain ≥38 ≥37 ≥36 dBi
Integrated Cancellation Ratio ≥15 ≥15 ≥15 dB
AZIMUTH PATTERN

Horizontal BW @ - 3 dB ≤ 0.35 ≤ 0.41 ≤ 0.36 ≤ 0.42 deg

Side lobe level +/-1.5o to +/- 5o ≤ -28 dB
Side lobe level +/-5o to +/- 10o ≤ -30 dB
Side lobe level outside +/- 10o ≤ -35 dB
ELEVATION PATTERN

Inv. Inv.
Elevation Beamform Fan csc2 csc2
csc2 csc2
csc2 / Inv. csc2 law to -36 deg
Vertical BW @ - 3 dB ≤11 deg
Coverage to min., @ -30dB -18 -42 deg
Tilt (Fixed) -1.5 -0.6 deg
TURNTABLE

Motor (3 phase) 2.2 kW

Alternative 1.1 kW (only for 20 RPM)
Scanner rotation speed @ 50 Hz 20 RPM
Alternative 60 RPM
Built-in sensors, standard Motor protection
Add-ons Motor, high temp. warning / Low oil level warning
Azimuth encoder, standard 1 * 4096 pulses
Alternatives 1* 8192 / 2*4096 / 2*8192 pulses

Table 3-1

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3.2 Horizontal Radiation Pattern

The – 3dB point is often used as the main key parameter in antenna specifications. However, in
practice achieving good overall shape and low far side lobe levels is equally important.
Requirements to all intended applications are virtually identical. Thus, the horizontal radiation
(Azimuth) pattern is shaped as measured in Figure 3.2-1.

21' CP-F Antenna - Azimuth Pattern

0

-5

-10

-15
[dB]

-20

-25

-30

-35

-40
-15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15
Azimuth Angle [deg]

Serial no.: 3018

Azimuth beamwidth: 0.32 deg
Date: 2. November 2000
Measured value 0.35 deg Compensation for near field -0.03 deg
Frequency: 9.375 GHz

Figure 3.2-1: Measured Horizontal Radiation (Azimuth) pattern and specification limits

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3.3 Elevation Patterns

The Fan Beam antennas elevation patterns are optimised for maximum gain and without signifi-
cant nulls for coverage to - 20ο as illustrated in Figure 3.3-1

21' CP-F Antenna - Elevation Pattern

30

20

Elevation Angle [deg] 10

-10

-20

-30
-40 -30 -20 -10 0
[dB]
Serial no.: 3018
Date: 2. November 2000 Elevation beamwidth: 9.80 deg
Frequency: 9.375 GHz

Figure 3.3-1. Measured elevation pattern, Fan beam

2
The Inv. csc Beam antennas elevation patterns are optimised for maximum gain and without sig-
nificant nulls for coverage to - 40ο as illustrated in Measured elevation pattern
21' CP- I Antenna - Elevation Angle
20

10

0
Elevation angle [deg]

-10

-20

-30

-40

-50

-60
-40 -30 -20 -10 0
dB
Serial no.: 3002
Date: 19. June 2001 Elevation beamwidth: 9.1 deg
Frequency: 9.170 GHz

Figure 3.3-2 Measured elevation pattern, Inverse CSC square

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3.4 RF Power handling

The antenna handles the following RF power levels:

Peak: 100 kW
Average: 75 W
Note: WG drying or pressurising are recommended in all installations. The actual recommen-
dation depends on climatic conditions and WG length.
Simple Silica-gel based Static Desiccators are recommended for installations in which
day-night temperature variation is low, relative humidity in equipment rooms is never
high and WGs are short (< 20-25 meters).
WG pressurising is recommended in all other cases, specially if:
• Equipment buildings are occupied regularly. The human body, coffee making etc.
generate moisture which may penetrate WGs, if not pressurised.
• Equipment is located in tropical areas or other areas with considerable day-night
temperature variations.

3.5 RF Flange

PBR 100, plain flange with O-ring sealing and M4 threads, according to IEC154.

3.6 Colour Scheme

Standard: RAL 9010 Pure White

Alternative: RAL 2009 Traffic Orange, mainly for SMR applications

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4. WEIGHT & MECHANICAL DIMENSIONS

Weight:
• Scanner: Approx. 175 kg incl. adaptation to gearbox
• Gearbox: Approx. 180 kg incl. oil.
• Total unit ≤ 375 kg

Overall dimensions:
18’ versions:
• H x L x W: 1060 mm x 5700 mm x 640 mm for the complete unit
• Swing radius: ≤ 2900 mm

21’ versions:
• H x L x W: 1060 mm x 6560 mm x 640 mm for the complete unit
Swing radius: ≤ 3300 mm

Figure 4.1: Mechanical outline (21’ versions)

Please refer to the TERMA installation drawing for further details. For the proper drawing please
refer to table 4-1.

Antenna type Document no.

21’ Antennas 250960 ZD
18’ Antennas 255960 ZD
18’ Reinforced antennas 258510 ZD

Table 4-1

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4.1 Forces acting on the antenna

The antenna shall operate at wind speeds specified in Environmental Capabilities and Con-
straints, paragraph 6. The wind resistance will introduce torque’s as shown in the table Figure
4.1-1 Forces acting on the antenna.

21’ Antennas 18’ Antennas

Torque
Horizontal Frequency Wind Speed Horizontal Frequency Wind Speed
Condition
Torque [Nm] [Hz] [m/s] Torque [Nm] [Hz] [m/s]
Start
850 850
Torque
Max
775 775
Torque
Cyclic
Torque (0) – 550 2 35 (0) - 550 2 35
(60RPM)
Lateral Force [N]
Lateral Force Frequency Wind Speed Lateral Force Frequency Wind Speed
Condition
[N] [Hz] [m/s] [N] [Hz] [m/s]
Cyclic 60
650 – 1100 2 35 650 - 1060 2 35
RPM
Cyclic 20
1100 – 1700 0.66 45 1100 - 1630 0.66 45
RPM
Non oper-
2500 75 2400 75
ating

Figure 4.1-1 Forces acting on the antenna

5.

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6. ENVIRONMENTAL CAPABILITIES AND CONSTRAINTS

The antenna family is designed for use in any climate including salt and dust-laden atmosphere,
and to withstand the following conditions:
Test Condition Limit Corresponding Stan-
dard
Cold Storage -40°C IEC 68-2-1, test Ad
Function -40°C IEC 945
Dry Heat Storage +70°C IEC 68-2-2, test Bd
Function +55°C IEC 945
Protection Function IP54 IEC Publication 529
Humidity Function 10-100 % (Relative)
Bump Packed for transp.
Peak acceleration 10g, 16 ms IEC 68-2-29 test Eb
No of bumps 1000
1
Shock Function 15g, 11 ms, half sine IEC 68-2-27 test Ea
1
Vibration Function 4-12.5 Hz: ±1.0 mm IEC 68-2-6 test Fc
12.5-50 Hz: 0.7 g
Sun radiation Function 1120 W/m² IEC 68-2-9 test proce-
dure A
Wind speed Function ≤ 35 m/s (60 RPM)
≤ 45 m/s (20 RPM)
Non-operating ≤ 75 m/s (survival)
Ice Start up rotating, ≤ 20 mm,20 RPM
without structural gearbox
damage
≤ 10 mm, 60 RPM
gearbox
Rain/sea spray Non-operating 1600 mm/h DEF STAN 07-55, test
D3
1
Only reinforced versions.
7. MAINTENANCE

Recommended service intervals, depending on environment:

Inspection, cleaning, check of oil level: 6-12 months
Change of oil: 4-8 years
Gearbox overhaul: 8-16 years
Warning Do not substitute oil with different types or mix oil types. This may reduce life or
even cause immediate damage.

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ANNEX 1 Conversion Table

Relations between wind speed, wind pressure and resulting force are inserted
in the table below.

Wind Speed Wind Pressure

Beaufort km/h m/s knots kp/m² N/m²

10 95 26.4 51.3 43.5 427

100 27.8 54.0 48.0 471

105 29.2 56.7 53.5 525

11 110 30.6 59.4 57.5 564

115 31.9 62.1 63.6 624

12 120 33.3 64.8 69.0 677

125 34.7 67.5 75.0 736

130 36.1 70.2 81.0 794

135 37.5 72.9 88.0 863

140 38.9 75.6 94.5 927

145 40.3 78.3 101.0 991

150 41.7 81.0 108.0 1059

155 43.1 83.7 115.0 1128

160 44.4 86.4 123.0 1206

165 45.8 89.1 131.0 1285

170 47.2 91.8 139.0 1363

175 48.6 94.5 148.0 1451

180 50.0 97.2 156.0 1530

185 51.4 99.9 165.0 1618

190 52.8 102.6 174.0 1706

195 54.2 105.3 184.0 1804

200 55.6 108.0 193.0 1893

210 58.3 113.4 212.0 2079

220 61.1 118.8 228.0 2236

230 63.9 124.2 256.0 2511

240 66.7 129.6 278.0 2726

250 69.4 135.0 310.0 3040

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ANNEX 2 Abbreviations

CP Circularly Polarized or Circular Polarization

CSR Coastal Surveillance Radar
ICR Integrated Cancellation Ratio
RCS Radar Cross Section
RF Radio Frequency
RPM Rotation Per Minute
SLL Side Lobe Level
SMR Surface Movement Radar
SWG Slotted Wave Guide
SWR Standing Wave Ratio
VTS Vessel Traffic Service
WG Wave-Guide
VSWR Voltage Standing-Wave Ratio

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