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Gladys A.
Gonzales
BECED4A
RESEARCH ARTICLE
Direction: Follow the link and read the research article. Write a summary report and be
ready to present your output during your face-to-face classes.
A social system refers to the organized structure of relationships among individuals, groups, and
institutions within a society, working in tandem to maintain social order, achieve common goals, and ensure
the functioning of the community. Much like a biological system in which various organs and processes are
interconnected to maintain life, a social system is composed of various elements that interact to create
stability and continuity. These elements are not isolated; they are interdependent and contribute to the
larger social framework, ensuring that society operates cohesively and effectively. This essay explores the
meaning of social systems, their key elements, characteristics, and the different types of social systems as
discussed by scholars such as Talcott Parsons. The concept of a social system is based on the
understanding that human conduct is impacted by its social environment rather than occurring in isolation.
Social systems are dynamic entities that adapt to changes in the environment, culture, and historical
situations. Individual behavior within a society is influenced by the social system's rules and values. These
norms, in turn, generate behavioral patterns that guide people's activities and interactions, resulting in social
stability and order. The system's stability is maintained through the interaction of numerous elements that
adapt and respond to changing circumstances, rather than strict control.
For instance, geographic elements like climate and resources can influence the organization of a
society. Cultural aspects, including traditions, values, and religious beliefs, help to bond individuals within
the system, fostering a sense of collective identity. Additionally, the historical context in which a social
system develops shapes its evolution, meaning it continuously adapts to new circumstances. A key feature
of any social system is its reliance on core components that regulate its operation. These elements include
shared beliefs and knowledge, emotions, objectives, ideals, norms, roles, power, and sanctions. The
common faiths and knowledge in a society provide a foundation for behavior, coordinating actions and
maintaining social order. These shared systems of understanding guide individuals in recognizing their role
within the society and making choices that align with its expectations. Whether religious, cultural, or
ideological, these belief systems promote unity and a common sense of purpose.
It is upheld by a set of components that regulate behavior, encourage cooperation, and ensure the
smooth operation of the system. Talcott Parsons, a prominent social systems theorist, categorized social
systems into four main types based on their behavioral patterns: the Particularistic Ascriptive Type, typical
of traditional or preliterate societies, where kinship and social relationships are central; the Particularistic
Achievement Type, influenced by religious or ideological beliefs; the Universalistic Achievement Type,
where behavior is guided by universal ethical principles; and the Universalistic Ascription Type, where
status and power are assigned based on birth or social standing. Each social system is shaped by its distinct
norms, values, and objectives, yet all share the common feature of interdependence among their elements.
Therefore, a social system is a comprehensive framework for ensuring societal stability and
continuity. Individuals in the system interact in ways that promote social cohesiveness by combining
common norms, beliefs, roles, and goals. The system is dynamic, responding to changes in the
environment and internal operations. Ultimately, the effectiveness of any social system is determined by its
ability to adapt to difficulties, preserve stability, and fulfill collective objectives. The study of social systems
reveals important information about how societies organize and how people contribute to the wider social
order.
References:
DO 35, s. 2016 – The Learning Action Cell as a K to 12 Basic Education Program School-
Based Continuing Professional Development Strategy for the Improvement of Teaching and
Learning | Department of Education. (n.d.).

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Gladys A.

ready to present your output during your face-to-face classes.

Learning | Department of Education. (n.d.).

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