Sentence Pattern

Components of a Sentence
Like a sentence has two parts, it has ve main components that make up the structure
of a sentence, and they are,
Subject
Verb
Object
Complement
Adjunct
Now, let us look at each of these components in detail.
1. Subject
A noun that performs the ac on in a sentence is considered as the subject. It
answers the ques on ‘who’ or in other words, a subject can be iden ed by asking
the ques on ‘who’. A subject takes the rst place in most cases, especially in
declara ve or asser ve sentences.
For example:
The child kept crying.

Our school team won the match.
My son is in the eighth grade.
Hard work pays.
No one came to the wedding.
2. Verb
In every sentence the most important word can be said to be the verb. A verb
shows ac on or ac vity or work done by the subject. Remember that all verbs
including main verbs, helping verbs, sta ve verbs and ac on verbs come under this
category. Most o en, verbs appear immediately a er the subject.
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For example:
Neena is wri ng a le er.

It was too dark.
I feel red.
My phone is not working.
Tarun’s dog ran away.
3. Object
An object is a noun or pronoun that receives the ac on done by the subject.
Objects are of two types and they are,
Direct Object
Indirect Object
3.1 Direct Object
A noun or pronoun that receives the ac on directly is the direct object in

the sentence. It answers the ques on ‘what’. Direct objects mostly appear
immediately a er the verb and are the primary objects in the sentence.
For example:
Harry bought a new car.

My mom made a cake.
I met my friend.
She knows all the songs.
We watched a movie.
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3.2 Indirect Object
An indirect object is a noun or pronoun that is a secondary object. It can

be iden ed by asking the ques on ‘whom’. When there is an indirect object in a
sentence, it is mostly placed a er the verb and before the direct object.
For example:
Vandhana gave Keerthana a cake.

My mom bought me a new dress.
I gave him a chocolate.
They gave us co ee with breakfast.
He lent his friend a pen.
4. Complement
The words required to complete the meaning of a sentence can be referred to as the
complement of the sentence. A complement can be an adjec ve, a name, a posi on or
a profession.
For example:
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It grew dark.
He is a den st.
That’s her dog, Bruno.
Complements are further divided into two types based on which component it speaks
about. The two types of complement are,
Subject Complement
Object Complement
4.1 Subject Complement
The complement which expresses the quality or iden ty or condi on of the

subject is called Subject Complement.
For example:
She is a doctor.
I am Sindhu.
Nandhu is clever.
The students are very excited.
My brother is a teacher.
4.2 Object Complement
The complement which expresses the quality or iden ty or condi on of an

object is called Object Complement.
For example:
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They made her angry.
The students elected Sreya the class leader.
They named their daughter, Thara.
Marley met her friend, Ryan.
Nobody found the movie interes ng.
5. Adjunct
An adjunct is a word or a phrase that gives more informa on about an ac on, an

event, a quality and so on. In short, it can be said that these words can include
adverbs and adverb clauses. Adjuncts can be iden ed by asking ques ons ‘when’,
‘where’, ‘why’, ‘how’, ‘how o en’ and ‘to what extent’. When using adjuncts, keep
in mind that adjuncts can be used in the beginning, middle or end of the sentence
and that there can be more than one adjunct in a sentence.
Take a look at the following examples to understand how adjuncts can be used.
Yesterday, we met at the park.

He is very red.
Due to his ill-health, he could not come home for Eid Mubarok.
My father reads the newspaper everyday.
This workout rou ne is extremely exhaus ng.
PRACTICE
Please write the component based on the bold word from these sentences
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1. The students completed their assignments. =
2. My mom is a teacher. =
3. Last week, My friends and I watched a movie. =
4. Normally, I don’t go to the hospital. =
5. The boys were playing chess all day. =
Please give the slash (/) to separate each of the component and label it.
Example : I/study/to school

S V A
6. The wall collapsed.
7. During the war, many people lost their homes.
8. I promise the children a trip to the zoo.
9. When he was 5, David moved to London.
10. Our coach usually gives us a strategy before the match.
11. We didn’t know that you are one of our trainer.
12. In te misty night, the campers s ll walked in the middle of the forest.
13. One of my regret is le ng them go
14. For the rest of the students, you must go to the hall now.
15. My weekend was pre y boring, then my dad took me to the cinema.
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Sentence Pattern

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Components of a Sentence

Now, let us look at each of these components in detail.

The child kept crying.

Neena is wri ng a le er.

3.1 Direct Object

A noun or pronoun that receives the ac on directly is the direct object in

Harry bought a new car.

An indirect object is a noun or pronoun that is a secondary object. It can

Vandhana gave Keerthana a cake.

4.1 Subject Complement

The complement which expresses the quality or iden ty or condi on of the

4.2 Object Complement

The complement which expresses the quality or iden ty or condi on of an

An adjunct is a word or a phrase that gives more informa on about an ac on, an

Yesterday, we met at the park.

Example : I/study/to school

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