MATTU UNIVERSITY

ASSESSMENT AND INTERVETION OF KAP TOWARDS

MENTAL ILLNESS AND SUBSTANCE ABUSE AMONG
RESIDENTS OF HURUMU TOWN, ILU ABBA BOR ZONE,
OROMIA REGION, SOUTH WEST ETHIOPIA, 2024 GC.

COMMUNITY PSYCHIATRY PROPOSAL TO BE SUBMITTED TO

DEPARTMENT OF PSYCHIATRY, COLLEGE OF HEALTH SCIENCES,
MATTU UNIVERSITY

OCTOBER, 2024 GC

MATTU, ETHIOPIA
ASSESSMENT AND INTERVENTION OF KAP TOWARDS
MENTAL ILLNESS AND SUBSTANCE ABUSE AMONG
RESIDENTS OF HURUMU TOWN, ILU ABBA BOR ZONE,
OROMIA REGION, SOUTH WEST ETHIOPIA, 2024 GC.

COMMUNITY PSYCHIATRY PROPOSAL TO BE SUBMITTED TO

DEPARTMENT OF PSYCHIATRY, COLLEGE OF HEALTH SCIENCES,
METTU UNIVERSITY

ADVISOR: - Mr. Kefale

GROUP MEMBERS IDENTIFICATION NUMBER

Yordanos Teferi 0462
Birukalem Dilebo 3320
Gadisa Abrham 2849
Ermias Waqtole 2434
Hawi Girsha 2454
Erknesh Lagebo 3458
Lomitu Asefa 2160
Sena Aklilu 2730
Elias Faji 2322
Zedagim Birhan 1821
Ferido Hussen 2339
Amin Hassen 4418
Minda Abdulahi 3856
Melaku Temesgen 0636
Aweke Masresha 1345
Alemayehu Amenu 2435
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
First of all we have a great special thanks for Mattu University College of Health sciences
department of Psychiatry, who give us this opportunity to serve our community and do our
community psychiatry program, which gives us an opportunity to interact with our
community and to correlate what we have been learned to the reality.

We would also want to give our deepest gratitude and special thanks for our Department head
resident advisor, Mr. Aman D.,Mr. Defaru D and our advisor Mr. Kefale, who have given us
constructive comments, encouragement, and guidance on our proposal & Hurumu 01 kebele
PHC administrative officer, residents of Hurumu 01 kebele and also household
representatives for their immense cooperation by providing us with appropriate information.
Finally for those who gave us their knowledge and support for the success of our work.
Acronyms
CMD: - Common mental disorders

CBE:-Community Based Education

CBTP:-Community Based Training Program

EC: - Ethiopian calendar

ETB: - Ethiopian birr

GC: - Gregorian calendar

KAP: - Knowledge, attitude and practice

PHC;- Primary Health Center

SRQ:-Self-reporting questionnaire
List of Tables and Figures
List of Table

Table 1 Work plan table …………………………………………………………………..

Table 2 Budget summary table……………………………………………………………

List of figures

Figure 1 Conceptual frame work of mental health and related problems………...………………..

Figure 2 map of Hurumu town showing Hurumu 01 kebele-----------------------------------------------

This is is left open for table of contents
SUMMARY

Introduction
Mental health encompasses our emotional, psychological, and social well-being. It influences
how we think, feel, and plays a crucial role in how we handle stress, relate to others, and
make choices throughout our lives. Mental health is vital at every stage of life, from
childhood and adolescence to adulthood. There are three key components of mental health:
emotional well-being, psychological well-being, and social well-being.

Objective: the aim is to assess knowledge, attitude, and practice towards mental illness and
substance abuse among residents of Hurumu town, ilu abba bor zone, Oromia region,
southwest Ethiopia, October 2024G.C.

Methods: Community based cross-sectional study with simple random sampling technique
will be conducted. Structured face-to face interview questionnaires will be used to collect
data from October 4 to October 6, 2024 GC

Work plan and Budget: this study will be conducted from October 3 to October 18. For this
purpose a total amount of 1815 Ethiopian birr(ETB)is needed.

Key words: Mental illness, substance abuse, KAP, CBE.

 CHAPTER -1 INTRODUCTION

1.1. Backgrounds
Mental health encompasses our emotional, psychological, and social well-being. It influences
how we think, feel, and plays a crucial role in how we handle stress, relate to others, and
make choices throughout our lives. Mental health is vital at every stage of life, from
childhood and adolescence to adulthood (1).There are three key components of mental health:
emotional well-being, psychological well-being, and social well-being.

Mental illness and substance abuse are significant public health concerns that affect
individuals, families, and communities globally. The interplay between these two issues is
complex, often exacerbating the challenges faced by those affected. Understanding the
Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices (KAP) of community members regarding mental health
and substance use is crucial for developing effective prevention and intervention strategies.
(2)

Knowledge about mental health and substance abuse varies widely across different
communities and demographics. Many individuals may hold misconceptions about mental
illnesses, viewing them as personal failings rather than medical conditions. Similarly, there
can be a lack of awareness regarding the signs and symptoms of substance use disorders. This
lack of knowledge can lead to stigma, discrimination, and reluctance to seek help.

Attitudes towards mental illness and substance abuse significantly influence how individuals
and communities respond to these issues. Stigmatizing attitudes can prevent individuals from
accessing necessary services, contributing to a cycle of untreated conditions and on-going
substance misuse. Understanding community attitudes is essential for fostering a supportive
environment that encourages individuals to seek help without fear of judgment.

The practices surrounding mental health care and substance abuse treatment are often shaped
by cultural, social, and economic factors. Community-based research can reveal how
individuals engage with available resources, whether through formal healthcare services,
community organizations, or informal support networks. Identifying gaps in these practices
can inform the development of tailored interventions that address specific community needs.

Mental illness and substance abuse represent significant public health challenges worldwide,
affecting millions of individuals, families, and communities. Despite their prevalence and
impact, these conditions often remain misunderstood, stigmatized, and inadequately
addressed, particularly at the community level.(3) The World Health Organization (WHO)
estimates that approximately 450 million people globally suffer from mental disorders, while
the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) reports that about 269 million
people used drugs in 2018, with 35.6 million suffering from drug use disorders.(1) Those
disorders are mental health related problems, which include anxiety, depression, substance
related disorder, epilepsy and somatoform disorders; characterized by symptoms including
insomnia, fatigue, irritability, forgetfulness, difficulty in concentrating and somatic
complaints(3, 4).

Previous studies have shown significant variations in KAP towards mental illness and
substance abuse across different communities, influenced by factors such as cultural beliefs,
education levels, socioeconomic status, and exposure to mental health information. However,
there remains a need for up-to-date, context-specific research to inform targeted interventions
and policy decisions.(4)

The use of substance such as alcohol, khat leaves and tobacco has become one of the rising
major public health and socioeconomic problem worldwide. It is estimated that 90% of global
population aged 12 and older are classified with dependency on psychoactive substance. The
use of substance like alcohol, tobacco, and khat has become one of the challenged problems
among the youth in the community. (8)

A seizure is a burst of uncontrolled electrical activity between brain cells(neurons)that cause

temporary abnormalities in muscle tone or movements(stiffness, twitching or
limpness),behaviours, sensations or state of awareness.(9)

Epilepsy is a complex neurological disorder that has been recognized and studied for
thousands of years, with descriptions dating back to ancient civilizations. However, the
definition of epilepsy has evolved significantly over time, reflecting advancements in medical
understanding, diagnostic capabilities, and changing perspectives on the condition. (9)

In the modern medical era, the definition of epilepsy has undergone several revisions to better
capture the complexity and diversity of the disorder. The International League Against
Epilepsy (ILAE), the world's preeminent organization for epilepsy research and care, has
played a crucial role in standardizing the definition of epilepsy for both clinical and research
purposes.

The incidence of new onset seizures in the general population is approximately 80 per
100,000 per year; approximately 60% of these patients will have epilepsy, a tendency toward
recurrent unprovoked seizures. At least two unprovoked seizure is required for diagnosis of
epilepsy.
The current definition of epilepsy is the tendency to have repeated seizures (at least two) as a
consequence of a brain disorder that is unprovoked by an acute systemic illness .

The Community Based Education (CBE) has been the fundamental philosophy of Jimma
university, particularly within the college of Social Sciences and Humanities, which was
started from the beginning of the establishment of Jimma institution of health sciences in
1983 E.C it also started in Mettu university in 2006 E.C(10).

CBE consist of; Community Based Training Program (CBTP), Team Training Program
(TTP), Student Research Program (SRP) and community health attachment/ community
psychiatry practice (CHA).(10)

Community based education is a form of teaching process where students learn professional
capability in a community setting to help students build a sense of connection with their
communities. CBE is a popular belly up for all forms of education and for all age groups
particularly at higher education level where the primary goal is to encourage interdependence
between education and communities for enhancing the capacity of individuals and groups for
improving their quality of life. Community –Based Education Program(CBEP) integrates
community involvement into the educational process, allowing students and faculty to engage
directly with community members.(10)

1.2. Statement of the Problem

The prevalence of mental illness and substance abuse poses significant challenges to public
health, yet many communities lack a comprehensive understanding of these issues. Despite
the growing recognition of mental health as a critical component of overall well-being,
misinformation and stigma continue to hinder effective intervention and support. (11)

In many communities, knowledge about mental illnesses and substance use disorders is often
limited, leading to misunderstandings about their causes, symptoms, and treatment options.
This lack of awareness can foster negative attitudes that perpetuate stigma, discouraging
individuals from seeking help and contributing to a cycle of untreated conditions.(11)

Furthermore, existing practices related to mental health and substance abuse care vary
widely, influenced by cultural, social, and economic factors. Many community members may
not engage with available resources, either due to a lack of information or because they
perceive these resources as inadequate or untrustworthy.

The absence of a structured assessment of Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices (KAP)

regarding mental illness and substance abuse in these communities hampers efforts to design
targeted interventions. Without a clear understanding of community perspectives, healthcare
providers, policymakers, and community organizations may struggle to develop effective
strategies that resonate with local needs and values.(11)

In summary, there is a pressing need to assess the KAP towards mental illness and substance
abuse in community settings. This assessment will provide valuable insights that can inform
education, reduce stigma, and improve access to resources, ultimately enhancing the overall
mental health and well-being of the community.

1.3. Significance of the intervention study

The significance of conducting a study on the Assessment of Knowledge, Attitudes, and
Practices (KAP) Towards Mental Illness and Substance Abuse in Community-Based
Research is multifaceted and crucial for several reasons:

Public Health Impact: Understanding the KAP of community members towards mental
illness and substance abuse can help in designing effective public health interventions and
campaigns. By identifying gaps in knowledge, negative attitudes, and harmful practices,
targeted interventions can be developed to improve awareness, reduce stigma, and promote
healthy behaviors.

Policy Implications: Findings from this study can inform policymakers and healthcare
providers about the prevailing attitudes and practices related to mental health and substance
abuse in the community. This can lead to the development of evidence-based policies and
programs that address the specific needs and challenges faced by the community members.

Community Empowerment: By involving community members in the research process,

such as data collection and interpretation, this study can empower the community to take
ownership of the issues related to mental illness and substance abuse. This participatory
approach can foster community engagement and mobilization for positive change.

Academic Contribution: Research on KAP towards mental illness and substance abuse in
community settings can contribute to the existing body of knowledge in public health,
psychology, and social sciences. It can provide valuable insights into the factors influencing
attitudes and behaviors towards these important health issues.

Overall, conducting a study on the Assessment of Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices (KAP)
Towards Mental Illness and Substance Abuse in a community-based research setting is
essential for addressing public health challenges, informing policy decisions, empowering
communities, and advancing academic understanding in this field.

The findings of this study would add the awareness on limited body of knowledge about the
prevalence rate of mental health related problems in community and governor concerned
body. It also helpful for governmental and non-governmental organization work on this area
on the prevalence of mental health. And intervention given formerly is not enough to create
good awareness to Hurumu town residents. In addition it will serve as baseline data for other
researchers on related topic and information.
 CHAPTER TWO
2.1. LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1.1. Mental Illness and substance abuse

Common Mental Disorders (CMD), which include conditions such as anxiety and depression,
are significant public health concerns worldwide. Understanding the prevalence of CMD is
crucial for assessing knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) towards mental illness and
substance abuse in community-based research. This information can inform interventions and
policy decisions aimed at improving mental health outcomes.

The prevalence of CMD varies across different regions and populations. For instance, a study
conducted in the Illu Ababore zone of Ethiopia found that the prevalence of CMD was 27.2%
among the adult population. (11)This indicates a substantial burden of mental health issues
within this community. Females exhibited a higher prevalence of CMD, with an adjusted
odds ratio (AOR) of 1.76 compared to male.(11)

Education: Individuals who were unable to read and write had a significantly higher
prevalence (AOR = 3.06) of CMD, highlighting the impact of educational attainment on
mental health.(11)

Residence: Living in rural areas was associated with a higher prevalence of CMD (AOR
=3.53) compared to urban residents.

Associated Factor: Chronic Physical Illness: There is a strong association between CMD and
chronic physical illnesses, with an AOR of **3.48** for those suffering from such
conditions. (11)

Substance Use: Lifetime alcohol use was significantly linked to CMD, with an AOR of 4.55,
indicating that substance abuse is a critical factor in the prevalence of mental disorders .(11)

2.1.2 KAP towards Mental Illness and Substance Abuse

Understanding the KAP towards mental illness and substance abuse is essential for developing
effective community interventions. The following points summarize key aspects of KAP in relation to
CMD:

The assessment of Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices (KAP) regarding mental illness and substance
abuse is crucial for developing effective community-based interventions. Understanding how
community members perceive and engage with these issues can inform strategies to reduce stigma,
improve access to care, and enhance overall mental health outcomes.

Knowledge of Mental Illness and Substance Abuse

Awareness of CMD symptoms and their impact on individuals and families is crucial.
Community education programs can enhance understanding and reduce stigma associated
with mental health issues.

Knowledge about mental health and substance use disorders is often limited and varies
significantly across different populations. Many individuals hold misconceptions about
mental illnesses, viewing them as moral failings rather than medical conditions. This lack of
understanding can lead to stigma and discrimination, which further complicates the treatment
landscape. For instance, a study conducted among health professionals in Burkina Faso
revealed that knowledge levels varied significantly among different groups, with medical
students demonstrating higher awareness compared to nursing and midwifery students. (11)

Attitudes towards Mental Illness and Substance Abuse

Attitudes towards mental health and substance abuse significantly influence how individuals
and communities respond to these issues. Stigmatizing attitudes can prevent individuals from
seeking help, perpetuating a cycle of untreated mental health conditions and substance
misuse. Research indicates that negative attitudes are prevalent not only in the general
population but also among healthcare providers, which can hinder effective treatment and
support.(11)

Understanding community attitudes is essential for fostering an environment that encourages

individuals to seek help without fear of judgment.

Positive attitudes towards seeking help for mental health issues can lead to increased
treatment-seeking behavior. Conversely, negative attitudes may deter individuals from
accessing necessary care.

Practices Related to Mental Health Care and Substance Abuse Treatment

The practices surrounding mental health care and substance abuse treatment are shaped by
various factors, including cultural beliefs, social norms, and economic conditions.
Community-based research has shown that many individuals do not engage with available
resources due to a lack of information or perceived inadequacies in those resources. For
example, a study assessing KAP among UNRWA health staff in Jordan found that while
there was a positive attitude towards mental health programs, many staff members felt they
lacked the necessary knowledge and training to effectively implement these programs [12]
This gap in practice underscores the importance of understanding how community members
interact with mental health services and what barriers they face.

Importance of Community-Based Research

Community-based research is vital for accurately assessing KAP related to mental illness and
substance abuse. This approach involves collaboration with community members, ensuring
that their perspectives and experiences are integral to the study. Such participatory research
enhances the relevance and applicability of findings, leading to more effective strategies for
education, intervention, and policy change. For instance, the integration of mental health
services into primary healthcare has been shown to improve access to care and reduce stigma,
but this requires a thorough understanding of community needs and barriers .(12)

In conclusion, assessing KAP towards mental illness and substance abuse in community
settings is essential for identifying barriers to effective care and support. By addressing
knowledge gaps, changing attitudes, and improving practices, communities can foster
healthier environments and reduce the burden of mental health and substance use disorders.
Future research should focus on developing tailored interventions that resonate with local
needs and values, ultimately enhancing the overall mental health and well-being of the
community.

2.2. Barriers to Effective KAP

 Barriers to effective KAP in mental health and substance abuse treatment-seeking
behaviors are multifaceted, encompassing attitudinal, structural, individual, and social
factors. Addressing these barriers through targeted interventions, education, and
community support is essential for improving treatment-seeking behaviors and overall
mental health outcomes.

2.3. Conceptual Framework

Figure 1 conceptual frame work of mental health and related problems.
 CHAPTER – THREE
3.1. OBJECTIVES
3.1.1. GENERAL OBJECTIVE
 To assess the knowledge, attitude, and practices towards mental illness and substance
abuse among residents of Hurumu 01 Kebele, Hurumu town in 2024 G.C

3.1.2. SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES

 To determine KAP towards mental illness among Hurumu 01 Kebele, 2024 G.C
 To determine KAP toward substance abuse among Hurumu 01 Kebele, 2024 G.C
 To determine KAP toward epilepsy among Hurumu 01 Kebele, 2024 G.C
 To assess prevalence of substance use among Hurumu 01 Kebele, 2024 G.C
 To assess prevalence of CMD among Hurumu 01 Kebele, 2024 G.C
 CHAPTER FOUR
4.1. MATERIALS AND METHODS
4.1.1. Study design
A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted from October 3 to October 5, 2024
G.C. A systematic random sampling technique was used to select 323 study participants. Data
were collected by interviewer-administered structured and semi-structured questionnaires. A
common mental disorder was assessed by the Self-Reporting Questionnaire of 20-Item (SRQ-
20) questionnaire. Data were entered manually for analysis.

4.1.2 Study area

Hurumu is one of the woredas in the oromia region of Ethiopia. It was part of Yayu Woreda.
The major town is Hurumu.
It is located 682 km away from the capital city of Ethiopia, Addis Ababa. The town which is
located in Ilu Abba Bor Zone, Oromia region, south west of Ethiopia is bordered on the east
of Jimma on the west by Gambela on the north by eastern wollega and on the south by the
southern nation nationalities and peoples region (SNNPR). It has good climatic condition
with elevation from 1500 to 2300m and mean annual rainfall from 1500 to 2200mm.

The 2007 national census reported a total population for this woreda of 42,667, of whom
21309 were men and 21,358 were women; 4519 or 10.59% of its population were urban
dwellers. The majority of inhabitants practised Ethiopian orthodox Christianity, with 41.35%
of the population reporting they observed this belief, while 34.32% of the population said
they were Muslim, 24.24%were protestant.

figure 2:- Map of

Hurumu town showing
Hurumu01kebele
4.1.3. Source population
All Hurumu town residents.

4.1.4. Study population

All Hurumu town residents found in Hurumu 01 Kebele.

3.4.3 Sampling Unit

Each individual in the study was conduct.

3.4.4 Study unit

One adult family member from selected household.

4.1.5. Study unit.

One adult family member from selected household

4.2 Eligibility criteria

4.2.1. Inclusion criteria

 Household members who are age 18 years and above.
 Must if they lived there for more than six month.

4.2.2. Exclusion Criteria

 Individuals who have hearing and speech impairment

 Individuals who are absent during home to home questionnaire interview

 Seriously ill Individuals during data collection period.

 Mental health professionals.

4.3. Study variable

4.3.1. Dependent Variable

 KAP about mental illness

 KAP about epilepsy
 Assessment of CMD
 Substance use
4.3.2. Independent Variable

 Socio demographic status

 Age
 Sex
 religion
 Marital status
 occupation
 Educational status
 Household family size

4.4. Sampling Technique and Sample Size Determination

4.4.1. Sampling size determination

The sample size was calculated by using a single population proportion formula
by considering the following assumptions.

P= 27.2 % since, there study that show this result on point prevalence of CMD
in the area. (11)

d = 5% margin of error

CI= 95%

n = sample size

The single population proportion formula is;

Equation 1 sample size

= (1.96)2 x0.272x 0.728/0.0025 =304

Since total population is less than 10,000 we use correction formula to

determine final minimum sample size.

So nf=N×n÷N+n where, n =sample size

N =total number of house hold

nf =minimum final sample size

=8590×304=2,611,360÷8894
 =294

None response rate = 10%

= 294×10÷100

=29

Total sample size =294+29

=323
4.4.2. Sample technique and procedure
Systematic random sampling was used. According to reports; there are 1790 total households
(8590/4.8) in Hurumu 01 Kebele.. Systematic random sampling technique was used to draw
household sample. The kth interval was determined by dividing the total household size by the
total sample size, i.e., k= N/n =790/323 = 2.44≈2 where N= total number of household and
n= total sample size. Participants (households) was selected by systematic random sampling
technique during data collection period every 2nd interval. A random number from 1or 2 will
be randomly selected by lottery method as a starting number.

4.5. Data collection method and instruments

The data will be collected via face-to-face interview from the respondents by using pretested
questionnaire.
Study questionnaire has consisted of socio demographic factors, psychological factors,
substance related factors, knowledge about mental illness, knowledge about epilepsy and
self-reported questionnaire (SRQ-20).

Probable CMD will be evaluated by using the SRQ – 20. SRQ was originally designed by
WHO as a self-administered scale. Because of the low literacy rate in developing countries,
SRQ-20 was also found to be suitable for an interviewer-administered questionnaire (12). A
cut-off point of 7/8 (7‘yes’s a non-case, 8 ‘yes’s a case) was used which is the most
commonly used cut off point in developing countries (13). Each of the 20 items is scored 0 or
. A person is said to have a mental illness if he/she gets >=7 in the SRQ 20 questionnaire for
both.

Other variables will be assessed by using semi structured questionnaire developed by Mattu
university, college of health sciences, and department of psychiatry.

4.5.1. Data collection procedure

Data was collected using interview questions and observation.
4.5.2. Data processing and analysis
 After the raw data was gathered, data analysis was done by counting, coding, and
manual tallying. It was checked for its completeness, cleaned, processed and analyzed
accordingly. The result was present in the form of tables, frequency distribution,
graph, chart and percent.

4.6. Operational definitions

 Common mental disorder; A person is said to have a mental illness if he/she gets
>=8 in the SRQ 20 questionnaire for both genders (14). Individuals scoring 8 or more
out of SQR-20 will be considered as having CMD
 Current Substance use: Using at least one of a specific substance for non medical
purpose within last 3 months (15) Substance use: - A person using any of the specific
substances with addiction potential.
 Negative attitude toward cause mental illness: - A person answered evil spirit and
punishment of god as a cause of mental illness.
 Positive attitude toward cause of mental illness: - Those answered substance use,
genetics and head injury as a cause.
 Negative attitude toward cause of epilepsy: - A person answered evil spirit and
punishment of god.
 Positive attitude toward cause of epilepsy: - those answered head trauma as a cause.

4.7. Ethical considerations

First we got formal letter permission from Mattu University college of Health Sciences,
Department of psychiatry then was submitted to Hurumu 01 Kebele health center
administrative. The data was collected under full consent of the community and community
administrators. The study households were informed about information obtained from them
kept strictly confidential. All ethical issues was strictly given at greatest emphasizes. The
right of privacy, dignity, language and cultural taboos of the society was respected.
Furthermore, during data collection each student explained themselves, the aim and purpose
of the study by approaching to the community with patience and polite.

4.8. Information dissemination

The results of the study were submitted to Mattu University College of Health sciences
department of psychiatry and also different stake holders like Mattu health center, Mettu
town community leaders and different non-governmental organization.
4.9. LIMITATION OF THE STUDY

• Since the study design was cross sectional study design it only shows prevalence.
• The sample used in this study is selected from a single kebele population and therefore the
result may be not representative and generalized to the general population of residents of
Hurumu town.
• Interviewer bias
• Non-response rate.

4.10. Strength of the study

• The use of standardized and reliable tools

• Adequate sample size relative to the time given.

• Data quality control

CHAPTER FIVE
5. RESULT AND DISSCUSSION

5.1. Socio demographic result

A total of 1790 households were involved in this study. The total population in this study was 8590
individuals.

5.1.1 Age distribution

Table 1 summary of age distribution of the communities in Hurumu kebele 01, October, 2024.

Age of respondent

Age 18-24 25-34 35-44 45-54 65 & above

Frequency 29 85 156 37 16
Percent (%) 9 26.3 48.3 11.4 5

5.1.2. Sex distribution

Table 2 Summary of sex distribution of communities in Hurumu kebele 01, June, 2024.

Cumulative
sex Frequency Percent Percent

Male 183 56.7 56.7

Female 140 43.3 43.3

Total 323 100.0

 5.1.3 Religion distribution
From the total population, 107(33%) were Muslim, 88(36%) were orthodox, 99(31%) were Protestant,
4(2%) were catholic, and 25(8%) were others.

5.1.4. .Educational status of the respondents

Table 3 summary of educational status of communities in Hurumu 01 Kebele , October
2024.

Status Frequency Percent (%)

No formal education 86 26
Primary school 102 30
Secondary school 113 38
College and above 22 6
Total 323 100

5.1.5. Marital status

From the total population, 103 (32%) were unmarried (single), 197(61%) were married, 11(3%) were
divorced, and 12(4%) were widowed.

Marital status
70%

60%

50%

40% Marital status

30%

20%

10%

0%
Married Single Divorced Widowed

Figure 1summary of marital status on the communities in Hurumu Kebele 02, June, 2024.
Table 4 Summary of occupation in Hurumu 01 Kebele on October, 2024.

Frequency Percent
Civil servant 47 14
Merchant 86 27
House wife 52 16
Daily labourer 78 24
Farmer 44 14
Other 16 5
Total 323 100

5.2. KAP Towards Mental illness and epilepsy

According to our assessment, among 323 respondents 307(95%) have heard about mental
illness, while the rest 16(5%) haven’t heard about mental illness. Among those who have
heard about mental illness, 212(69%), 43(14%), 16(5%),9(8%),11(4%),16(5%) respondents
reported that mental illness is caused by evil spirit, God’s punishment, excess substance use,
heredity, head injury, and other related stress can cause it respectively.

Among these respondent none of them said that mental illness is contagious disease or said
that mental illness is not a communicable disease.

Moreover, 269(83%) said that mental illness is treatable while 54(17%) said that it is not
treatable. Among those who said mental illness is treatable, 243(90%) preferred traditional
methods while 26(10%) preferred modern treatments.

Among the interviewed 323 individuals, 299(93%) said that they have seen individuals with
epileptic disorder and the rest 24(7%) said they have never seen individuals with epileptic
disorder.

Among the participants, 234(72%) said that epilepsy is caused by evil spirit, while 68(21%)
by head injury, 8(3%) by God’s punishment and 13(4%) other causes most likely stress life.
Among the participants, 31(10%) believed that Epilepsy can be treated by making the patient
smell matchstick smoke methods, while 266(82%) by modern medical treatment, 26(8%) by
traditional treatments.

Figure 2 Summary of epilepsy hear and seen in Hurumu 01 kebele communities on october, 2024.
 individuals have seen and heard
about epilepsy in this kebele

epileptic pt seen
Have noot seen

5.3. Common mental illness

From our study 58(18%) individuals were identified to have common mental illness(scored 8
and above in SQR-20), while the rest 265(82%) had no common mental illness.

common mental disorders study in this

community

CMD
Not CMD

Figure 5 Summary of common mental Disorders in Hurumu 01 Kebele on October, 2024.

5.4. Substance use

The assessment of KAP and prevalence of substance use in this community is from 323
(100%) respondents with 289(89%) respondents are substance users and the rest 34(11%)

were non-users.

From these, 314(97%) have a family members who use substance. The rest 9(3%) have none.
Among those users, Khat users were 251(87%), Alcohol 32(11%), and tobacco 6( 3(6%) .
Additionally, among those users 254(88%) of them used the substance more than one year
and the rest 34(12%) of them used it less than a year.

According to this study, 193(67%) of them tried to cut down the substance use butfailed and
the rest 95(33%) of them did not even try.

From the total respondents, 300(93%) of them don’t know about the treatment of substance
use and the rest 23(7%) know about it.

Most of them have an attitude on substance use that it is like a culture and they don’t even
have knowledge on its implication on mental health.

Substance use
350

300

250

200 Substance use

150

100

50

0
substance user substance non-user

5.5 Problem Identification and Action Plan

5.5.1 Identifying problems
 Lack of awareness about the cause of mental illness, symptoms of mental illness, and
treatment options of mental illness
 Lack of awareness on substance use disorders and its management
 High Prevalence of substance use.
 Prevalence of epilepsy
 5.6. Prioritized problems
5.6.1. Criteria for prioritizing
• Severity

• Magnitude

• Feasibility

• Community concern

• Government concern

• Ethical acceptability

• Relevance

Table 5 prioritization problem in Hurumu 01 Kebele ,October, 2024.

s.n Problem ma Seve feasi Ethical Rele Govern Commu To Ra

gnit rity bilit accepta vanc ment nity tal nk
ude y bility e acceptab concern
ility

1 Lack of 5 4 4 4 4 4 3 28 1
awareness about
mental
illness(sxs,Rx
and cause)

2 Lack of 5 5 2 2 4 4 1 23 2
awareness on
substance use d/o
and their mgt.

4 Prevalence of 4 3 3 3 2 4 2 21 3
epilepsy
 5 High Prevalence 5 4 2 3 2 4 1 19 4
of substance use

Key: Each criterion is scored out of five.

1=very low

2=low

3=moderate

4=high

5=very high

5.6.2 Prioritized problems

1. Lack of awareness about the cause of mental illness, symptoms of mental
illness, and treatment options of mental illness
2. Lack of awareness on substance use disorders and its management.
3. Prevalence of epilepsy
4. High Prevalence of substance use.

5.7 Community Action Plan

5.7. Objective of action plan
5.7.1 General objective
• To intervene in common mental and neurological health problems and related health
problems in community of Hurumu 01 Kebele October 12/2024 to October 16/2024
G.C.

7.1.2 Specific objective

• To increase awareness about cause, treatment, and impact of common mental
disorders, and substance use and case finding and reporting on epilepsy.

Table 6 action plan on the prioritized problems in Hurumu 01 Kebele community, October,
2024.

Problem Objective Strategy Strategy Target Resp Unit of General plan

(daily) (weekly) groups onsibl Measurement/U Plan Achie
e veme
 Monday – Panel body nit nt
Friday discussi
on
Lack of To increase Health Health Comm 4th Numbers of 10
awareness awareness education educatio unity year sessions sessions
about about cause, about mental n on psych ( 2 days a
mental treatment, illness cause, mental prison iatry Numbers of week)
illness symptom treatment, illness ers stude leaflets
cause, and impact symptoms cause, Studen nts of 400
treatment, of common treatmen ts 2024 Numbers of leaflets(we
symptoms mental Case finding t,sympto individuals and ekly)
. disorders abd reporting ms households 100HHs(w
eekly)
Poster 500
individual
s(weekly)
poster(2
days in
week
To provide Health XXX Comm XXX Numbers of XXXX
Lack of
awareness education unity individuals,
awareness
about about impact and numbers of
on
substance of substance special poster paper and
substance
use impact use popula numbers of
use d/os
on tion leaflets
and their
manageme community
mental
nt
health
High To facilitate Case finding Xxxxxx Comm XXX Number of cases 5 cases
prevalence treatment and reporting unity (weekly)
of options Treatinf( if and
substance possible) special
use Referring popula
 tion
Prevalenc To facilitate Case finding xxxxxx comm XXX Number of cases 7
e of treatment and reporting unity cases(wee
epilepsy options Treating(if kly)
possible)
Referring it
to better
treatment

5.8 Action plan at Health Center

Table 7 action plan on the prioritized problems in Hurumu 01 Kebele, October, 2024.

Problem Objective Strategy Target Resp Unit of General plan

(daily) groups onsibl Measurement/Unit Plan Achieve
Monday – e ment
Friday body
Lack of To increase Health 4th Numbers of sessions
awareness awareness education Staffs year 3 sessions
about about cause, about mental and psych Numbers of leaflets daily
mental treatment, illness cause, clients iatry
illness symptom treatment, at the stude (3*4
cause, and impact symptoms PHC nts of Poster sessions a
treatment, of common 2024 week)
symptoms mental Case finding 100 leaflets
. disorders abd reporting weekly
10 posters

To provide Health XXX Numbers of XXXX

Lack of
awareness education individuals, numbers
awareness
about about impact of poster paper and
on
substance of substance numbers of leaflets
substance
use impact use
use d/os
 on
and their
manageme community
mental
nt
health
High To facilitate Case finding XXX XXX Number of cases 3 cases
prevalence treatment and reporting (weekly)
of options Treating( if
substance possible)
use Referring
Prevalenc To facilitate Case finding XXX XXX Number of cases 7
e of treatment and reporting cases(weekl
epilepsy options Treating(if y)
possible)
Referring it
to better
treatment

5.9. SWOT Analysis

Strength

 Willingness of the respondents.

 Strong support of stake holder.

 Good cooperation with Kebele, PHC, and community leaders.

 Devotion and commitment of the group members.

Opportunity

 Getting a large number of students, health care staffs and community.

 Peace and stability of study area.

 We get a lot of people on market day.

Weakness

 Language barrier.

 Resource in availability.
 Shortage of time for the intervention.

Threat

 Poor follow up of health extension workers in order to increase the awareness of

common mental health.

 The community is at risk for further complications of substance use due to lack of
awareness about its treatment options.

CHAPTER FIVE: - WORK PLAN AND BUDGET SUMMARY

5.1. WORK PLAN

Activities Responsible 1st week 2nd week 3rd week
bodies
Title selection Students(some) 
 Proposal Students 
development (some)
Preparing tools Students(some) 
Data collection Students(all) 
Data analysis Students 
&interpretation (some)
Report writing Students (all)
Submission of Students 
1st draft (some)
Submission of Students 
final draft (some)
Presentation Students (all)  
Evaluation Advisor and  
examiner

Table1. Work plan

5.2. Budget Allocation

Items Quantity Unit price Multiple price Total
Pen 6 30 6*30 300
Ruler 2 30 2*30 60
Marker 3 50 3*50 150
Flip chart 2 50 2*50 100
Paper 15 2 15*2 30
Stapler 1 150 1*150 300
Photocopy 100 3 3*100 300
Sub-total 1240

5.3. Personal cost

Roles Payment(birr) No of person

Secretary No 3

Data collectors No 13
Sub-total 16

5.4. Others

Items Unit cost Quantity Multiple cost Total

Mobile card 25and 25(13)and 25x13+3x30 415

30birr
30(3)

Coffee or tea 10birr 16 10x16 160

Subtotal 65 32 575

4.4. Budget Summary table

Budget Stationary Personal Others Total

Individual 1240 00.00birr 575 1815

Table 2, Budget Summary Table

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