Scribd
Upload
32 views

Selfstudys Com File (9)

Computer science

Uploaded by

Jellyfish SS
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF or read online on Scribd
32 views

Selfstudys Com File (9)

Computer science

Uploaded by

Jellyfish SS
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 23
Metals and Non-metals TOPICS COVERED Physical and Chemical Properties of Metals and Non-metals, Formation ind Properties of lonic Compounds Multiple Choice © meee WU 1. Metal oxides react generally acids but few oxides of metal also react with bases, Such metallic oxides are I.MgO I. ZnO IIL. ALO, 1V.CaQ_ [CHE 2023) (@) Vand (6) Mand ut (©) Mand tv (a) Vand iv 2. The number of valence electrons in outermost shell of the atom of a non-metal [CBSE 2023), (@) 1,203 (b) 3.4065 (©) 5,6007 (d) $6008 43. The image shows an incomplete chemical equation of the reuction between iron and oxygen, 4Be(3) + 30,¢) —> Which option shows the products formed during the reaction?” [cnse Teel (@) 4045) (6) 12Fe0(s) (6) 3Fe0xs) (0) 22,04) 4. Which option classifies the substance based on their physical properties? [CHS TERM] Good conductor of Bad conductor of Lesrguy electricity Mikane electricity (a) Graphite and silver Copper Iron Rubber (6) Copper Rubber Iron Graphite and silver (©) Copper Graphite and silver Iron Rubber (@) Copper Graphite and silver Rubber Iron Seeee neem eo cece eetee een ee tesa eee ese s pooen------ ee 5. Astudent writes two incomplete chemical reactions. X-P(s) +50, —> ¥.2Mg(s) + Og) —> ‘Which option completes the reaction to form a balanced chemical equation? (CBSE TR.N"] (2) X-P,0,5), Y-MgO(s) (0) X-4PO,,(8), Y-MgOO) (6) X-P,O(9), Y2MgO(s) (@) X-SP,O4s), YMg,04) A student studying the chemical properties of metals finds an incomplete chemical reaction as shown below. (CBSE TERM.1 MgO + HINO, —> Which option completes the reaction? (a) MgO + HINO, —> Mg,N, + 411,0 {b) MgO + HNO, —> Mg(Oit), + 2NO, (6) MgO + HNO, —> Mg +NO, +0. (@) MgO ~ 2HNO, —> Mg(NO,), + #,0 ‘The chemical reaction between a piece of copper and nitric acid is given by the chemical equations, Cu +2HNO, — > Cu(NO,), + 21H] Ii] + HNO, —+ H,0 + NO, ‘What can be inferred from the chemical equati [CBSE TLE.RM|T (a) Copper causes the oxidation of HNO, to form Ne (8) Hydrogen gets oxidised by HNO, to form water. (6) Hydrogen gas reacts with oxygen in aie to form water (@) Nitrate reacts wih hydrogen to form NO, and H,0. | A student adds an equal amount of CuSO, beakers. He adds zinc in the beaker Pand s beaker Q. The student observes that the colour of the solution in beaker P changes while no change is observed in beaker Q. Which option arranges metals in correct increasing order of reactivity? (CBSE TERMI (@) Ag MgC ‘The melting point of NaClis 1074 K while melti point of MgCl, is 981 K. Why does NaCland MgC have points? (CBSE TERM. {@) MgCl, is soluble in kerosene and petol (8) Sodiumn chloride is formed by combining Na and molecule of CL (6) NaC has strong intr-ionic bonding than MgC, (d) MaC is formed by combiningonemoleculeof Mg Astudent makes an electric an LED, 8 battery and connecting wires as shown in diagram, fe notices that LED does not glow. He replaces distilled water by salt solution and observes that LED glows. [CHSE TERT ea Ea How does the salt solution help the LED to glow? (a) Salt solution is covalent in nature and conducts electricity (6) Salt solution has low melting point which allows current to flow through it (6) Salt solution hs high boiling point which allows the flow of current in the circuit without getting hot {@) Salt solution contains ions which make it ceonduetiveand allows electricity to flow through it Questions 11,12, 13,14, 15 are based on the information given below: Krunal connected a copper plate and an iron plate to the positive and negative terminals of « battery Disses respectively along with a switch, He immersed the plates into a beaker containing acidified copper sulphate solution. ICFPO, CBSE] ii plate pate Copper sulphate soln 1. After a few minutes, even before he turned the ‘switch on he noticed that copper was deposited on the iron plate. This could have been due t__. (a) electrolysis (b) electroplating (©) @ combination reaction (d) a displacement reaction Which of the following is likely to the current is started”? (a) Iron will be deposited on the copper plate (6) Copper will continue to be deposited on the iron plate (©) No reaction will occur atthe iron plate or at the copper plate (d) The copper already deposited on the iron plate will go back into the solution, ppen when ww ww ww www wee ewww ewe www www ese cece nn nnnns 16. 18, pooen------ ee . Krunal now replaces the iron plate . What ith a silver plate, He sees that there is no deposition of copper ‘on the silver plate before starting the current. Which of the following could be the reason? (a) Silver is more reactive than iron. (b) Silver is less reactive than copper. (6) Silver isa poorer conductor of electricity than iron. (@) Silver is a better conductor of electricity than ‘copper. ly to happen to the concentration of copper sulphate in the solution on passing electric ‘current through the solution in the set-up with the silver plate? (a) It will increase. (6) Ie will decrease. (©) It will remain the same, (@) Cannot say without knowing the amount of current passed. . Which of the following will happen to the weights of the silver and copper plates after pass current for some time? (a) The weight of the silver plate will increase and that of the copper plate will decrease. (b) The weight of the copper plate will increase and that ofthe silver plate will decrease. (6) Both the plates will decrease in weight. (@) Both the plates will increase in weight ‘Which of the following non-metal is lustrous? ‘the [DoF Pre-Board 223] (a) Oxygen (6) Chlorine (6) Hydrogen) Iodine Generally when metals react with nitric acid the gas is produced i [Dol Pre Board 2023) {@) CO, (b) SO, (©) NO, (a) CO Astudent performs some activiteson two substances and records the observations ina table shown below. | Activity M N ‘Cut with Knife | Forms small | Forms small pieces _piewes Beaten with Shape changes | Changes into hammer powder Which option classify substances into metal and ‘non-metals? (a) Both are metals (6) Both are non-metals (6) Mis metal, N is non-metal (d) M is non-metal, N is metal ). Sodium reacts with water to form sodium hydroxide and hydrogen gas. The balanced equation which represents the above reaction ease: 2021) (a) Nas) + 211,01) —> 2NaOH (aq) + 2H (a) (8) 2Na(s) + 21,00) —> 2NaOHaq) * Ha) (6) 2Nals) + 2H,0(1) —> NaOH(ag) + 2H,(8) (d) 2Na(s) + H,0() —» 2NaOH{aq) + 2H3(@) ‘ch one of the following structures correctly ts the compound CaCl? [CBSE 2021], 1¢ pair(s) which will show displacement reaction re [CBSE 2021], (i) NaCl solution and copper metal Gi) AgNO, solution and copper metal ),), Solution and magnesium metal (iv) ZnSO, Solution and iron metal {a) (ii) only (©) (i and (ii) (©) (ai) and) (2) (and Gi) 22. The metal with lowest density among these @Hg (6) Ga (Cs (d) Fr 23, Aqua regia is called as royal water because it dissolves gold its composition is 1:3 concentrated. (a) H,SO, : HNO, (6) HNO, : H,SO; (6) HNO, Hel (@ HCHO, iKvs1 24, Which of the following s purest form of carbon? (@) Diamond (5) Graphite (6) Fullerene ——_(d) Chaoal 25. An element *X" is yellow coloured solid, insoluble water but soluble in earbon disulphide. It has ow melting point 114.5°C. It boils at 445°C and it burns with pale blue flame forming pungent smelling gas *Y* which turns moist blue litmus red “Ware (b) N,NO; 2 (@) 1,.1,0, 26. Which of the following metals liberate hydrogen ‘gas with 5% HNO,? () Cu (i) Zn (i) Mn (is) Mg (a) (and i) ) (fi) and (ii) (©) (ii) and (iv) (a) (@) and Gv) 27. An element *X’ reacts with O, to give a compound ‘with a high melting point. This compound is also he element *) soluble in water. ly to be: (@) iron () calcium (©) carbon (@) silicon [CBSE 2020 28. Reaction between X and Y, forms compound Z. X. loses electron and ¥ gains electron. Which of the following properties is not shown by Z? (a) Has high melting point (6) Insoluble in water (©) Conducts electricity in molten state (d) Occurs as solid 1 1 ' 1 2 poe ee eee eee 2. 30. 2. 33 a4. |. A student drops A student adds some metallic ash in water taken in a test tube. The ash gets completely dissolved in water and solution changes colour. ‘What should be done to test the product of solution? (a) Evaporate solution to get crystals, (b) Test the basicity using red litmus paper. (©) Test the acidity of solution by blue litmus. (d) Measure the temperature using a thermometer, ‘What happens when sodium is dropped in water? (a) It catches fire and forms oxide. (b) It absorbs heat and forms oxide. (6) It catehes fire and forms hydroxide, (@) Tt absorbs heat and forms hydroxide es of potassium and silver in beakers I and I containing water. What are products formed in each beaker? KtHO AgsHO Winer Water (a) K,O and H,0 in I, Ag,0 and H,0 in IL (b) KOH + H1,0 in 1, MgO + HO in IT (©) K,0 + H,0 in I, I no reaction takes place (a) KOH + Hi, in I, I no reaction takes place Mg reacts with 5% of HINO, and gives (a) MeNO, + 2H, (6) Ma(NO,), + H,0 (©) MuNO,), +11, () MgNO, *H,0 ‘Which of the following statement is true about the position of metals in the activity series of metals? (a) Copper is below hydrogen but above leads. (6) ron is below lead and zine. (©) Zine is below Mg and above AL (d) Mg is below Ca but above Al, (CBSE 2020), Metal cubes of same size were each dropped in a beaker containing dil, HCI. ‘What are the possible identities of the metal cubes in the beaker? «sl. Her {ai ca Mata ee J — ret) “ a. (@Mg Fe Gu (Na K Gu (OP Mg Ag (Zp Mg Au Answers 1. (6) These oxides are amphoteric (acidie as well as basie) 2 3@ 40 5. (0) 6) 2.6) se) 9) 10. Wd) I. (d) Fels) + CuSO,(aq) —> FeSO,(ag) + Cu(s) 12. (6) Cu" + 2° —> Cu At cathode] (6) Ae(s) * CuSO ,(aq)— No reaction |. (c) twill remain same because no reaction staking place 15. (a) Copper metal will change into CuP(ag) and its ‘weight will decrease. Cut will get deposited on ‘Ag metal, Therefore, its weight will increase, 16. (a) Todine is crystalline, lustrous sold 17. (¢) Brown coloured (NO,) gs is evolved 18. (0) 19. (6) Sodium reacts vigorously with water. 20. (¢) Ca loses two electrons, 2Cl gain two electrons. 21. (b) Cu+ 2AgNO; —» Cu(NO,), + 2Ag 3Mg + Al, (SO,) —> 3MgSO, + 2Al (6) Cs has lowest density among these fe) 24, (c) Itdoes not have edges, impurities can't enter into it 25. (c) S +0, —> SO, (acidie oxide) 26. (6) 27. (b) Calcium oxide bas point and soluble in water X's ealeium, 28. (b) lonie compounds are soluble in water. 29. (5) Metallic oxides are mostly basie in nature 30. (c) 2Na+2H,0—> 2NaOH + H,, H, catches fire. = (d) 2K + 21,0 —> 2KOH +H, (©) Mg + 2HNO,(5%)—+ Mg(NO,), +H, 33. (d) Mgis less reactive than Ca but mote reactive than Al (a) (V{A) Very Short Answer ’ Type Questions 2Marks A\\ | 35: Read the following statements. (P) Stainless steel does not rust. (Q) Iron, nickel and chromium form an alloy Does statement (Q) present a valid explanation for statement (P)? Justify your answer. [CFPQ. CBSE] Ans. Yes, it does. Alloying ean change the properties of a metal 36. A metallic element, M, has the following properties: + floats on water + cam be cut with a knife + occurs naturally as its ehloride, of formula MCL + its oxide dissolves in water to form the hydroxide (@ State the method of manufacture of the metal M. — (6) Name the major byproduct obtained in the process. (CEPQ, CBSE] Ans. (a) Eleotolsis ofthe molten chloride (®) Chlorine is obtained as byproduct in electrolysis of NaCl 37. Give reason for the following: (@) School bells are made up of metals. (6) Electric wire are made up of copper. TCBSE 2013) Ans. (a) It is because metals are sonorous, i. produce Sound when struck with a hard substance, (b) Itis because copper is good conductor of substance, 38, Write one example of each of (a) A metal which isso soft that, it cam becut with knife and a non-metal which is the hardest substance. (b) Ametal and a non-metal which exist as liquid at room temperature. [CBSE 2015) (a) Sodium, carbon (diamond) (b) Mercury is liquid meta, bromine is liquid non- metal 39, Name the following: (a) A metal, which is preserved in kerosene. () A lustrous coloured non-metal. (c) Ametal, which can melt while kept on palm. (@) Ametal, which is a poor conductor of heat. [CBSE 2012] (a) Sodium is preserved in kerosene. (6) Todine is lustrous coloured non-metal (©) Gallium (a) Lead 40. Give two examples each of the metals that are good conductors and poor conductors of heat respectively: ood concluctors of heat are copper and silver. Poor conductors of heat are lead and mercury. 41, Explain why calcium metal after reacting with starts floating on its surface. Write the I equation for the reaction, Name one more metal that starts floating after some time when immersed in water, [KVS) [CBSE 2012] Ans, Calcium stats floating because the bubbles of hyadragen gas formed stick tothe surface of metal Ca(s) + 2,00) —+ Ca(OH), (aq) + He) Magnesium reacts with hot water and starts float- ing due to the bubbles of hydrogen gas sticking to its surface, the way, metals like sodium, magnesium and ‘on react with air and water is an indication of their relative positions in the ‘reactivity series’, Is this statement true? Justify your answer with examples. Ans. 2, pooen------ ee Ans. Yes, sodium reacts explosively even with cold w: Ans, The electro ter, iL is most reactive. Magnesium reacts with hot Water, iis less reactive than Na. Iron reacts only with steam which shows it is least reactive fed metals can displace ¢ reason of your answer along with chemical equation. {CBSE 2016] Copper, Lead, Magnesium, Silver Ans. Metals which aremore reactivethan zinccandisplace Za from its salt solution, Therefore, Magnesium can displace zine from its salt solution Mg(s) + ZnSO aq) ——+ MgSO (aq) + Zn(s) ‘A) Short Answer Type Questions 3Marks/ \\NEE 44, A teacher asks her students to identify a metal, M. She gives them the to help them. (@) livoxide reacts with both HCI and NaOM (Q) It does not react with hot or cold water but reacts with steam. (R) Tt can be extracted by electrolysis ofits ore. (a) Mdentify the meta. (b) Write the chemical equations for the reaction of the metal with HCT and NaOH respectively (6) What would happen if the metal is reacted with iron oxide? Ans. (a) Aluminium because it forms Al,O, which is amphoteric. (b) ALO, +2NaOH > 2NaAlO, + H,0 [CBSE 2023], ALO; + 6HCI—> 2AICI, + 3H,0 (©) Ttwould displace iron to form aluminium oxide 2AL+ Fe,0,—» ALO, + Fe 45. The atomic number of an element is 20. Write its electronic configuration. State whether this element isa metal ora non-metal, Whatisits valeney? Write the name and formula of the compound which this ‘element forms with chlorine. {C1SE 2021 (C)| ie configuration of calcium (7 = 20) is 2, 8, 8, 2. Since it has two valence electrons its valeney is 2 and due to presence in group 2, itis a metal, The name of compound calcium forms with chlorine is calcium chloride and its formal is C ch 46. (a) Draw the electron-dot structures of the following compoun MKC Gi) C20 (0) The electronic configuration of two elements X and Y are given below: 227 ¥ 281 ‘What type of bond will be formed between the atoms of X and Y' Ans. (a) (i) K —> K*+e 283) 28,8) cise) —> ct 2.8.) 28,8) KSC or (KCCI) oF KCL ww ww ww www wee ewww ewe www www ese cece nn nnnns pooen------ ee a) Ca ——> Ca +26 2,8,8,2) 2,8,8) 0+2e ——» 0 28 G+ % — of (6) ‘The bond formed will be ionic, ¥ (2, 8, 1) will donate its extra one electron to X (2, 7), So that both ‘of them will acquire stable electronie configuration. 47, State three reasons for the following facts: (@) Sulphur is 2 non-metal (H) Magnesium is 2 metal ‘One of the reasons must be supported with a chemical equation. CBSE. 2015) Ans. | (@)Sulphurisa | (6) Magnesium is a __ metal luctor| (Good conductor of of heat and| —— heatandelecticity, clecticity. (i) Neither malleable | (i#) Malleable and nor ductile. ductile (ii) S+O,—+ 80, | (ii) 2Mg+O,—> Sulphur dioxide is 2Mgo acidic oxide Magnesium oxide $0, +H,0—> is basic in nature H,SO,| Mg0+H,0—> (Sulpharous acid) Mg(OtD, (Magnesium hydroxide) (a) Sodium chloride is an ionic compound which does not conduct electricity’ in solid state where asit does conduct electricity in molten state as well as in aqueous solution. (0) Reactivity of aluminium decreases if itis dipped in nitric acid, (©), Metals ike calcium and magnesium are never their free state in nature. [Delbi2019] m chloride is an ionic compound ‘because it is made up of Na* and Cr ions. © Itdoes not conduct electricity in solid state ‘because ions are not free to move. ‘© Itconduets electricity in molten state be- cause ions are free to move. (8) Its due to formation of oxide layer on its surface which makes it passive (less reactive) HNO, is good oxidising agent. (©) tis because Mg and Ca are highly reactive, react with other elements to form compounds, therefore, are not Found in free state 52, Distinguish between metals and non-metals on the basis of (a) two phi properties. 49. You are given samples of three metals: So ‘magnesium and copper. Suggest any two acti to arrange them in order of decreasing activ Ans. 50. Ans, Ans, eBse Activity 1: Sodium reacts with cold water to form sodium hydroxide and hydrogen gas. 2Na (5) +211,0 () —> 2NaOH (ag) cold Magnesium does not react with cold water but with hot water to form magnesium hydroxide and hydrogen gas. Mg.(s) + 2H,0—+ Mg(OH), (aa) +H (2) (hot) Hence sodium is more reactive than magnesium. ‘Activity2: Ma(s)+CuSO,(ag)-»MgSO,(ag)+Cu(s) ‘Cu (5) + MeSO, (ag) ——> No reaction So magnesium is more reactive than copper. Con- cluding from activity | and 2 Na> Mg > Cu (@) Write the electron dot structures for potassium, and chlorine. (0) Show the formation of KCI by the transfer of electroms. (6) Name the ions present in this compound, KCI. [CBSE 2015 1 @) @ «K th: 28.81) 28.7) () KK +e (©) KCthas K and Ct Long Answer Type Questions Lt marks \\S - (a) Write electron dot structure for chlorine (At No. 17) and calcium (At No. 20). Show the formation of calcium chloride by the transfer of electrons. fy the nature of the above compound I properties of such [CBSE 2020, 15] o (a) 2,8,8,2) Ca——> Ca?" +26 (8) Itis ite compound. Physical properties () tis hard and solid (ii) Ithas high melting and boiling point, (a) is soluble in water. jal and (6) three chemical [CBSE 2018 for Blind, KYS} 1 1 ' 1 2 Metals Physica (i) Metals are malleable and ductile (ii) Metals are good conductor of heat and electricity. Chemical: (i) Reactive metals displace hydrogen from dilute acids, (i) Metallic oxides are basic in nature. (it) Metal can lose electron to form positive ions. 1. Among the following the metal with lowest density is CBSE 2023) (@) Lithium (6) Lead (©) Magnesium = (d) Aluminium 2. The compound obiained on reaction of iron with steam isare: cust: 2020) (a) Fe.0, (b) Fe,0, (©) Feo (@) Fe,0, and Fe,O, 43. Which one of he following metals would be displaced from the solution of its salts by other three metals? IKVS| Om Mc 4. The chemical reaction between Cu and nitric acid is given by chemical equation Cu+ 4HINO ,(cone.) —> CuNO, Which of the following is correct?” (a) Copper oxidises HNO, to NO, (b) HNO, ges oxidised to HO (©) HINO, gets reduced to NO, (d) None of these 5. Pb(s) + CuCl (aq) > PLCI,(aq) + Cus) Which option explains reason for format (a) Copper is more reactive than lead (b) Lead is less reactive than Cu (©) Pb and Cu are equally reactive (d) Lead is more reactive than Cu 6. Aluminium stip is dipped in FeSO,(ag) and change that is observed, is, (a) Green colour changes to brown (b) Lower end of test tube becomes warm (©) Coloured gas with smell of burning sulphur (a) None of these 7. Copper is used for making utensils. Which of the following physical properties of copper is not responsible for the same? (a) Malleability (6) High melting point (6) Thermal conductivity (@) High reactivity 8. The most abundant element in the universe is (a) Hydrogen (6) Helium (©) Carbon (@) Oxygen ), + 2H,0 nofPbCI,? pooen------ ee Non-metals (@) Non-metals are brittle Gi) Non-metals do not conduct heat and electricity ol from dilute acids i) Non-metallic oxides are acidie in nature. (i) Non-metals can gain electrons to form negative EST, \\\ \ 9. Which of the following isnot anionic compound? (@) KCl (6) MeCl, (© HCI (@ Nac 10, A gas is evolved when dil. sulphur acid reacts with zine granules. It gives @ pop sound when lit match stick Is introduced near it. Identity the gas, {@) Nitrogen (b) Hydrogen (6) Oxygen (@) Carbon dioxide 11. Metal X reacts with dil. HCI to form metal salt and ss, Mdntify X. [CBSE Sample Paper 2022) (a) Copper (®) Mercury (c) Silver (@) Zine 12, When zine reacts with sodium hydroxide, the product formed is Tense 2023} (a) Sodium oxide (6) Sodium zincate (6) Zinc hydroxide (d) Zine oxide 13, The reason for different behaviour (oat in dil HCl is due to: (a) Mg is lighter element than dil HCL (8) Mg reacts with dil. HCI produce H, gas which helps in floating () Mg reacts with dil. HCL to produce N, gas which helps in floating (4) Mg teacts with dil HClto produce CO, gas which helps in floating.” (CBSE Sample Paper 2022] 14, Which of the following solutions are electrolytes? 1. Dil. HCI 1, Sugar Solution IL Alcohol in water IV. Lime water (a) Land i (@) Vand tv (o) 1, Mand Vd) 1, and tv {CBSE Sample Paper 202] 18. (a) Why is potassium kept immersed in kerosene? {CSE 2021 (O (8) Write the name ofan allotrope of earbon feast 2021 (OH 16. (a) Name any one metal which reacts nether with cold water nor with hot water, but reacts with heated steam to produce hydrogen gs. (©) Arrange the following metals inthe decreasing order of reactivity Na, K, Cu, Ag ) of Mg 1 1 ' 1 2 peewee geese ree ee . (a) A non-metal X exists in two different forms Y and Z. ¥ is the hardest natural substance, winereas Z is a good conductor of electricity. Identify X, Y and Z. [CBSE 2020, HOTS} () Which metal does not react with water at all? [Doky When metal reacts with nitric acid, H, is not evolved why? 20. 2. 2. 2B, uM. 32. From amongst the metals sodium, ealcium, aluminium, ‘copper and magnesium, name the metal (a) which reacts with water only on boiling, and (b) another which does not react even with steam. "Name one metal and one non-metal that existin liquid state at room temperature, Also name two metals having melting point less than 310 K 37°C) Give reason why (a) gold and silver are used for making jewellery. (b) a few metals are used for making cooking utensils. JERSE 2021 (©), (a) Give reason for the following (Aluminium oxide is considered as an amphoteric oxide (a) onic compounds conduct electricity in molten state (6) Name the metal: (#) Which has low melting point Gi) Which exist in Tiquid state at room temperature (ii) Which is most abundant in earth's crust (iv) Which is placed at the top of the reactivity How do metals reacts with dilute acids? Explain With the help of an example. fe the names and formulae of (a) two acidic oxides (b) two basic oxides 25, 26, 2. 28, 2», 30, (a) Why are ionic compounds generally hard? (b) Name the solvent in which ionic compounds are generally soluble (©) Why are aqueous solutions of ionie compounds able to conduct electricity? Ametal ‘X’ loses two electrons und a non-metal ‘Y” ‘gains one electron. Show the electron dot structure ‘of compound formed between them. Is it ionic or covalent? Does it have high melting point or low? Will itconduct electricity in solid state or in aqueous solution and why? Will it be soluble in water? Show the formation of magnesium chloride with the help of electron dot structure. (CBSE 2023, 20), {Mors} What happens when (a) Zine reacts with copper sulphate solution (6) Aluminum reacts with steam (©) Sodium reacts with water Give balanced equations for each. IKvs} (a) Show the formation of Na,O by the transfer of electrons between the combining atoms, (6) Why are ionic compounds usually hard? (©) How isit that ionie compounds inthe solid state do not conduct electricity but they do so when in molten state [CBSE 2023}, A student was given Mn, Zn, Fe and Cu metals. entity which of them (a) will not displace H, from dil. HCL (6) «will react only with steam to give H,(2). (o) will give H, with 5% HNO,, Write the chemical reactions involved. [Mors With the help of a suitable example, explain how ionic compounds are formed. State uny three general ‘properties of ionic compounds. Four metals A, B,C and D ae added to the fllowing aqueous solutions one by one, The observations made are tabulated below Matal_| om Gi) salptate | Copper Gi) sulphate [Zine ipa] Siver alate ‘A__| No ration Redish brown deposit B Grey deposit No reaction c ‘No reaction No reaction No reaction White shining deposit oan No reason No ection Ne ton ‘Acie folowing quejcs bas ox be above Uva (a) Which is the most active metal and why? (b) What would be observed if B is added toa solution of eopper (It) sulphate and why? (©) Arrange the metals A, B, C and D in order of increasing reactivity, (d) Container of which metal ean be used to store both zine sulphate solution and silver nitrate solution? {@) Which of the above solutions can be easily stored in a container made up of any of these metals? ww ww ww www wee ewww ewe www www ese cece nn nnnns pero mee eee en ee eee eee eee een nee ' ' ' ' ' ' ' TOPICS COVERED \ ' | e Occurrence and Extraction of Metals, Corrosion, Alloys ) | - \ Multiple Ch ' ultiple Choice ' Questions 1 Mark NNN 1 1. Copper becomes green when exposed to air fora 9. In extraction of copper, the flux used is Jong time due to (@ Cad 0. ' {a) formation of CuO on the surface (©) Feo : ' (6) formation of basic copper carbonate on surface 19, Cu, +3. CuO» 6 Cu + SO, ' (6) formation of copper hydroxide on the surface Th absve poscita ' {@) none of the above (a) auto-reduction (®) Roasting t 2. In stainless steel, iron metal is alloyed with (6) electrolytic reduction (d) None of these ' (a) Cuand Cr * (6) Crand Ni 11, Which ofthe following isnot an ionic compound? ' (©) CrandSn— (d) Cuand Ni IKvs} @ kel 1b) MgCl, ' 3. The process of heating sulphide ore in presence of (©) CCl, (a) NaCl iKvSI t air is called 12. Which option gives the process of extraction of ' (a) roasting mercury from its ore cinnabar?. [CBSE T.E.R.M.") ' ()calsinton fay Codliig ciuidbar's tbe precios Gt cose at (6) smelting (6) Cooling cinnabar to convert into HeO and then ! 3 Sic ing peat 0 i 4. The process in which carbonate ore is heated __(c) Heating cinnabar in ir to convert into HO and. t strongly in absence of air is called then heating it again, (a) roasting (0) calcination (d) Heating cinnabar in limited air and then adding ' (©) smelting (a) reduction 10 small amount of water. ! ssa ct encarta econ, 1h Afaeanacr geen oneal loti ZA ZnO + CO—> Zn + CO, is correct? from its ore. Which option gives the process that (a) Z0 is being oxidised the researcher must perform? CBSE TERM." ' (6) CO is being reduced (a) Converting metal sulphide into metal oxides then ' (6) CO, is being oxidised using carbon to reduce it to obtain pure metal t {d) Z00 is being reduced (©) Metal oxide into metal sulphide and reducing ' 6, Bauxite is mixed with cryolite so as to with C to get pure metal t (reduce its melting point (©) Converting metal oxide into metal carbonate then t (Gi) increase its electrical conductivity reducing with C to get pure metal t ii) molten eryolite acts as solvent (@) Metal sulphide into metal carbonate and 1 (iv) increase its melting point heating to get pure met (a) (, (i and (i) (6) Gil), id) and Civ) 14, In extraction of iron, the flux used is t (6) (iil) and (iv) (a) (Hand di) (@) CaO () SiO, t 7 nae ing of copper, the electrolyte (@) FeO (Fes ' fa) CuO (6) Cut Answers t (6) Aeidiied CuSO) 1. @) CoCO, CUOH), is geen ' (a) CuSO) 26 ' 8, Which of the following ore is concentrated by 3 a) 22a +30, —» 22n0 +250, ' Froth floatation process? 4. (b) ZaCO, "+ 200 + CO, ' (a) ZaC0, (8) Zn0 5. (d) CO is reducing agent ' (©) ZnS (@) NaS i “Teacher Enarpised Resource Manuals ' ' poe ee eee eee ' ' ' ' 6 @ ' 7. (@) CuSO, + dil 1,80, 1 8. (c) Sulphide ores are concentrated by this process. 9. (b)Si0. “+ FeO{gangue) > FeSiO, Sis redcing agent 1. (o) IB covalet compound 12, @) 2HaS + 30,—> 2440 + 2 2802 241g 0, Bo) 14, (a) CaO +5i0, (gangve) —> CaSi0, 15. Name a metal/non-metal: make an amalgam? black coating? ‘Ans. (j) Carbon makes iron hard and strong. Tungsten ‘can also make iron hard and strong. (i) Mereury (i) Zine (i) Silver Column | Za Fe Mo Sa carbon Gi) Reduction with AT () Bleetroiytie reducti Na, Fe, Sn. 17. Whats an State the 60 lloy welding electrical wires? ' into 18 carat gold? ' Ans. 24 carat gold is pure gold, It is converted into 18 ' arat gold by adding 6 parts of copper to | part of ' gold, i., 75% Au and 25% Cu, ' ' ' Visa) Very Short Answer BP Type Questions 2 marks NNW 18. Iewse 20161 ich makes iron hard and strong? ich is alloyed with any other metal to Which is used to galvanise iron articles? Whose articles when exposed to air form a Which one of the methods given in Column I are of each of the metals given in a is used in ease of Al (i) Reduetion with carbon is done in ease of Zn, (iii) Reduction with Alis carried out in case of Mn, stituents of solder, Which property of solder makes it suitable for Ans. Alloy is a homogeneous mixture of two or more ‘metals, One of them ean be a non-metal also, Solder consists of lead and tin, it has low melting point Which makes it suitable for soldering electric wires. 18, What is 24 carat gold ? How will you convert it sg 19.4 Ans, Ans. 24 Ans. 2. Short Answer ‘Type Questions 3 Marks ore on heating in air produces sulphur dioxide. Which process would you suggest for its concentration? Describe brieily any two steps involved in the conversion of this concentrated fore into related metal, (CBSE 2020) Itis concentrated by froth-floatation process, () Roasting : The concentrated sulphide ore is heated strongly in the presence of oxygen to ‘convert it into its oxide, 2LnS(s) + 30(g) —+ 2Zn04s) + 280.4g) (@ Reduetion : This oxide of metal is reduced ‘with suitable reusing agent to gt free meta Zn0(s) + C{s) "> Zn13) + COW) (a) What is reactivity series? How does the reactivity series help in predicting the relative activity of various metal? Suggest different chemical processes used for obtaining a metal from its oxides of metals in the middle and top of reactivity series. Support your answer with one example. [CBSE Sample Paper 2018], (a) The series of metals in deereasing order of reac tivity is called reactivity series of metals, The metals atthe top are most reactive and met~ als at the bottom are least reactive. (8) The metals in the middle of reactivity series are obtained from their ores by chemical reduction with suitable reducing agent, e.g 290 +C——> Zn CO ‘The metals atthe top of series are abiained by electrolytic eduction of their molten or. ALO, 2228 Ap 30" Molten At cathode: 2AB* + 6e"——» 2A1 At anode: O° - 26° > 0 0+0—30, What is cinnabar? How is metal extracted from cinnabar? Explain briefy [CBSE 2020, 15} [DoE Pre-Broard 2023} o Cinnabar is HgS. Mercury is obtained by roasting cinnabar. HzO formed is thermally unstable and gives mereury. 2HeS(s) + Og) —> He0(s) + SO,(@) 2HeO(s) 4 Hg (+ 0,(g)_—_[eBSE 2023], or HgS(s) + 0,¢) —> Hu() + 0,2) Mercury cai be purified by distillation, What is ‘rusting’? Describe with a labelled diagram an activity (0 investigate the conditions under which iron rusts. {CBSE 2023] peewee Gwoeweee eee wee re =: a m4, . Rusting i a process in whi |. What is purpose of mal reddish brown coating cof hydrated ferric oxide is formed at the surface of Activity: (), Take three boiling tubes A, B and C. (i) Pour some water in test tube A. Put iron nails in i and cork it (i, Pour boiled distilled water in another test ube B and put iron nails in it. Add | ml of oil over it such that oil floats over it and prevents the air from entering (iy) Take some iron nails in test tube C and put some anhydrous calcium chloride in it and cork it Leave all the three test tubes for one day and then observe, x © ry aie Layer of oleh prevents fhe entry orale Arinydous ‘caleun Rolled detiled water chords Observation: Iron nails get rusted in test tube A because both air and water are present in it, Iron nails do not get rusted in B because there is water but no air. In C, rusting will not take place because there is neither air nor water. Conelusion; Iron gets rusted in the presence of air and water, wZallloys? [CBSE 2020] Purpose of Making Alloy are as follows: (0, Alloys do not get corroded or corroded to very less extent, (i) They are harder and stronger than pure metal, eg. gold mixed with copper is harder than pure gold, (a) They have less conductance than pure metals, eg, copper is good conductor of heat and clectricity whereas brass and bronze are not ‘200d conductors, (iv) Some alloys have lower melting point than pure metals, eg, solder isan alloy of lead and tin which has lower melting point than each of the metas, It is used for soldering of metals, ee \\ | Type Questions (a) Differentiate between roasting and calcination, ‘xplain the two with the help of suitable chemical equations. How is zine extracted from its ore? o Ans. (a) 2s, Ans, ) @ 0 (@ wo ‘Name two metals that can be used to reduce metal oxides to metals. reuse 20121 Caleination Roasting Its process in which sulphide ore is heated isheated in absence in presence of oxygen ‘of airto form oxide. | 0 convert into oxide 2aCO4s) Hy | 2208+ 30, > 2200 Zn0(s) + COAg) +230, reuse 2023 By reduction process, Zn can be extracted fiom its oe Reduction. Zn0+C + Zn+ CO, Aluminium, Magnesium, Write the steps involved in the extraction of pure metals in the middle of the activity series from their carbonate ores. How is copper extracted from its sulphide ore? Explain the various steps supported by chemical equations. Draw labelled diageam forthe electrolytic refining of copper. [KV] CBSE 2018} Concentration of ore (1) Caleination (i) Reduction (G») Purification Ore of copper is concentrated by froth floatation process (i) Roas 2CUFeS, + 0, —> Cu,S + FeS + 50, 2Cu,8 +30,» 2Cu,0 +254 2Fe8 ~ 30, "> 2Fe0+ 280, Fe0 + SiO; — Fesio, (it) Smelting: 2Cu,0 + Cu,S —> 6Cu +80, (j) Electrolytic refining: Impure copper is taken as anode, pure copper is taken 48 cathode. Acidified CuSO, is taken as. electrolyte. Impure eopper changes into ‘Cu which gain electron at cathode form- ing pure Cu, Impurities ae left behind as anode mud At anode Iisa process in which carbonate ore Cufimpure) —> Cu2* +26 Electrolyte refining ww ww ww www wee ewww ewe www www ese cece nn nnnns pooen------ ee Bronze is an alloy of (a) Copper and zine (4) Aluminium and tin (©) Copper, tin, zinc (a) Copper and tin eT 2023) 2. Which of the following is incorrect description of the process: CBSE 2023) (a) The impure metal from anode dissolves in electrolyte. (6) The pure metal from the electrolyte deposits at cathode, (©) Insoluble impurities settle tthe bottom of anode. (@) On passing electric current through the electrolyte, the pure metal from anode dissolves into electrolyte [CBSE 2023) 3. Mention the names of the metals for the following: ichare alloyed with iron to make (8) Two metals which are used to make jewellary. [CBSE 2013] 4. A student has been collecting silver coins and. ‘copper coins, One day she observed a black coating ‘on silver coins and green coating on copper coins, Give the chemical name of black and green coating, How are they formed? (a) State the electron-dot structure for caleium and sulphur, (b) Show the formation of CaS by the transfer of electrons. 1. The way, metals like sodium, magnesium and iron react with air and water is an indication of their relative positions in the ‘reactivity series’. Is this statement true? Justify your answer with examples. (2 Marks) 2. Explain the following statements: (@ Marks) (a) Most metal oxides are insoluble in water but some of these dissolve in water. What are these oxides and their solutions in water called? (b) At ordinary temperature the surface of metals such as magnesium, aluminium, zinc, ete. is ‘covered witha thi layer. What is the composition of this layer? State its importance, (©) Some alkali metals can be cut with a knife [CBSE 2016) 3. (@) Give reason for the following: (3 Marks) (# Metals can be given different shapes according to our needs, EQNSTSR TT, \. \ \ \ (©) Name the ions present in this compound CaS. [Atomic number of Ca = 20, 0 = 16.) ICRSE 2015) (a) Explain the formation of ionic compound CaO with electron dot structure. Atomic number of calcium and oxygen are 20 and 8 respectively. (b) Name the € stituent metals of bronze, [CBSE 2020), Suggest a method of reduction for the following metals during their metallurgical processes (a) metal ‘A’ which is one ofthe last second or third position in the reactivity (b) metal *B’ which gives vigorous reaction even with water and air (©) metal “C’ which is kept in the middle of activity series, IKVS] [CBSE 2013] (a) Carbon cannot be used as reducing agent to obiain Mg from MgO. Why? (6) How is sodium obtained from molten sodium chloride? Give equation of the reactions. (0) How is copper obtained from its sulphide ore? Give equations of the reactions, (a) Define corrosion (6) What is corrosion of iron called? (6) How will you recognise the corrosion of silver? () Why corrosion of iron is a serious problem? (@) How can we prevent corrosion of iron? [eBSE 2016) ~? INTEGRATED (MIXED) QUESTIONS (i) Hydrogen is not evolved when a metal reacts with dilute nitric acid (0) Write chemical equations that shows zine oxide reacts with acid as well as base. (a) Write one example of each of (3 Marks) (0 Armetal which is so soft that, it ean be eut with knife and a non-metal whieh is the hardest sustance. (i) A metal and a non-metal which exist as liquid at room temperature. (b) Using the electronic configurations, explain how ‘magnesium atom combines with oxygen atom to form magnesium oxide by transfer of electrons (a) Elements magnesium and oxygen respectively belong to group 2 and group 16 of the Modern Periodic Table. If the atomic numbers of magnesium and oxygen are [2 and & respectively, ww ww ww www wee ewww ewe www www ese cece nn nnnns pooen------ ee draw their electronic configurations and show the process of formation of their compound by transfer of electrons, (5) (0) Give one method to prevent the corrosion of copper. (i) Name the ores of the following metals: + mereury, and * zine (@ Marks) ~P ASSERTION AND REASON QUESTIONS rection: In the following Questions, the Assert and Reason have been put forward. Read the statements ‘carefully and choose the correct alternative from the folloy @ C © @ 6. re CASE-BASED QUESTIONS Both the Assertion and the Reason are correct and the Reason is the correct explanation of the Assertion, ‘The Assertion and the Reason are correct but the ‘Reason isnot the correct explanation ofthe Assertion, Assertion is true but the Reason is false. ‘The statement of the Assertion is false but the Reason is mue Sodium oxide is an amphoteric oxide. Those oxides which react with acid as well as base are amphoteric oxides. [CBSE 2023) trogen is a non-metal Nitrogen has 5 valence electrons. [KVS) ‘opper does not reacts with dil. H,SO,. "apper is more reactive than hydrogen Highly reactive metals are obtained by electrolytic reduction of their molten ore, Reason: Highly reactive metals can be extracted by chemical reduction. Assertion: Silver becomes black in colour when exposed to atmosphere Reason: Silver reacts with H,S which is black in colour Assertion: The metalsandalloys are good conductors of electricity: Reason: Bronze isan alloy of copper and tin and it is not good conductor of electricity. [CBSE 2020 Assertion: If Na,O reacts with HCI, it will form NaCl and H,0. ‘gas to form Ag,S. Read the following passage and answer the ‘questions that follow based on passage and related studied concepts. Elements are clasified into metals, non-metals and metalloids, Metals are lustrous, malleable, ductile and ‘good conductors of heat and electricity, mostly solids, form positive ions and basic oxides, Non-metals are Reason: Sodium reacts with air to form sodium oxide (Na,O). Assertion: Metals are reducing agents Reason: Metals form positive ons by oss of electrons. 1. Assertion: Lead reacts with H,SO, to form lead sulphate and further reaction stops, Reason: Lead sulphate is insoluble in water and forms a coating over lead metal preventing further reaction Assertion: Sodium chloride has melting point above 100°C Reason: Sodium chloride conducts electricity in solid state, Assertion: The colour of an aqueous solution of copper sulphate turns colourless when a piece of lead is added to it Reason: Lead is more reactive than copper and hence displaces copper from its salt solution, Assertion: K is more reactive than Na, Reason: K is smaller is size than Na. |. Assertion: Certain elements show properties of both metals and non-metals and are called metalloids, Reason: Silicon and germanium are metalloids as they resemble with metals as well as non-metals. Assertion: MgCl, is covalent compound Reason: Metals and non-metals react by mutual transfer of electrons. Assertion: Sodium is less reactive than lead. Sodium is kept in kerosene, Reaso Assertion: Na, Ca, Mg are obtained by electrolysis of their molten oxides: Reason: These metals have more affinity for oxygen than carbon, [CBSE 2023}, ‘non-lustrous, brittle, exist as silds, liquids and gases, non-conductor of heat and electricity, form negative ions and acidic oxides mostly. Some metals form amphoteric oxides and some non-metals form neutral ‘oxides. A more reactive metal can displace less reactive ‘etal from its salt solution, Some less reactive metals ‘occur in free stale, Most of metals ovcur in combined ww ww ww www wee ewww ewe www www ese cece nn nnnns peewee Gwoeweee eee wee re =: state inform of ores. Carbonates ores ae converted into oxides by cakcnationand sulphide ores are roasted in presence of oxygen 0 form oxides. Oxides are reduced with suitable redueing agent to get fee metal Metals of middle reactivity series are obtained from thei oxides by eduction with Al, Mg, Most reactive metals are obianed by eletrolytic reduction oftheir molten ores, Impure metals are refined by suitable methods. Metals form ionie compounds with non- metals. Ionic compounds are soluble in water, high melting solids, conduct electricity in molten state and in aqueous sointion (4) Oat of elements from atomic number 1 10 20, name metaloids. (8) X has atomic number (20) and Y has 17. What is formula of compound formed? (©) What happens when zine earbonate is heated in absence of air? Name the process. Or (6) What happens when Za metal reacts with FeSO (aq)? Write chemical equation Read the given passage and answer the questions based on the passage and related studied concepts Pre metals are usually too soft and weak for most uses. In pure metals the atoms are arranged orderly in layers, When force is applies to the metal, the layers of metal atoms ean slide over one another. To improve the strength and hardness of metals, atoms of another element can be added usualy in small amounts which prevents atoms of the meta from sing over ane another, making the metals stronger and harder and less likely to get its shape distorted. The final product isan alloy of metal, e- ‘omaments are made up of 22 carat gold in which copper is added to gold, Alloy is a homogeneous mixture of two or more metals. One of them can be non-metal also, et, steel is an alloy of Fe and carbon. Alloys are made so as to improve properties of metals. Amalgam is alloy of metal with mercury. {@) What is composition of stainless stee!? (b) Which metal is present is solder, brass and bronze? (©) What amalgam? Give an example, Or (©) Calculate the percentage of gold present in 22 carat gold | Astudent, took four metals P,Q, Rand S and earried ‘out different experiments to study the properties of metals, Some of the observations were: |CRSE 2021] * Allmealscouldnotbe cutwithknifeexcept metal R. # Metal P combined with oxygen to form an oxide MO, which reacted with both acids and bases © Reaction with water P — Did not react either with cold or hot water but reacted with steam. Q = Reacted with hot water and the metal started floating, R — Reacted violently with cold water. — Did not react with water at all Based on theabove observations answer the following: (a) Identify metal Q out of Fe, Zn, K, Mg? Give (6) Identify metal which forms amphoteric oxide, (©) Arrange the metals in increasing order of reactivity. Give reason, Or (©) Which metal is kept in kerosene oil and why? |. The activity series of metals is shown in the box. Study this table carefully and answer the questions based on this series and related studied concepts. Reactivity Series K Na ca Mg Al Za Fe Pb H cu Ag Au (a) What happens when Ag metal is added to CuSO, solution? (8) Why does Au exist in free state? (0) Can we store MgSO,(aq) in copper container? Give reason. Or (©) Which metals do not oceur in fee state and react with cold water? How are these extracted? The following table gives melting point of some ‘metals. Study the table and answer the questions related to table and related studied concepts Metals Melting Point Na I 98°C Ag 961.8°C cu 108°C AL 660.3°C Za 419.5°C 1064°C 19°C 883°C e Gwoeweee eee wee re =: (a) How are sodium and mercury refined? Why (b) Nametwometalspurited by electrolytic refining (©) In electrolytic refining of copper, name the cathode, anode and electrolyte used, Or (©) Why is bauxite mixed with eryolite before electrolytic reduction in extraction of aluminium? 6, Almost all metals combine with oxygen to form metal oxides. Metal oxides are generally basic in nature. But some metals show both basic as well as acidic behaviour. Different metals show different reactivities towards oxygen. Some react vigorously “while some do not react a al. (a) What happens when copper is heated in ait? Give the equation of the reaction involved. () Why are some metal oxides categorised as amphoteric? Give one example. (©) Complete the following reaction [CBSE 2023] (0) Na,O(s) + HOW) —> (i) A105) + 2NaOH —> Or (©) On buming sulphur in oxygen a colourless gas is produced. (i) Write chemical equation for the reaction. (ii) Name the gas formed, (iid State the nature of the gas. (jv) What will be action of this on dry litmus paper? 7. On the basis of reactivity metals are grouped into three categories: (9) Metals of low reactivit (i) Metals of medium reactivity (id) Metals of high reactivity ‘Therefore metals are extracted in pure form from their ‘ores on the basis of their chemical properties. [CBSE 2023) Metals of high reactivity are extracted from their ‘ores by electrolysis of their molten ores. Metals of low reactivity are extracted from their sulphide ores which are converted into their oxides. The oxides of these metals are reduced to metals by simple heating, ~P NCERT ZONE (a) Name the process of reduction used for a metal that gives vigorous reaction with air and water both (6) Carbon cannot be used as reducing agent to obiain aluminium from its oxide. Why” (€) Describe briefly the method to obtain mereury from cinnabar, Write the chemical equation for the reaction involved in the process. Or (©) Differentiate between roasting and caleination giving chemical equation for each 8. ‘The melting points and boiling compounds are given below: [CBSE 2023}, ‘Compound | Melting Point | Boiling Point | Ky OK) ‘NaCl 1074 1686 Lic 887 1600 Cac, 104s 1900 CaO. 2850 3120 MeCl, 981 1685 These compounds are termed ionic because they are formed by the transfer of electrons from a metal to a non-metal. The electron transfer in sueh compounds is controlled by the electronic configuration of the elements involved. Every element tends to attain a completely filed valence shell ofits nearest noble gas or a stable octet (a) Show the electron transfer in the formation of ‘magnesium chloride. (b) List two properties of ionic compounds other than their high melting and boiling points. (©) While forming an ionic compound say sodium chloride how does sodium atom attain its stable configuration? Or (0) Give reasons: (0) Why do ionic compounds in the solid state not conduct electricity? (i) What happensat the cathode when electricity is passed through an aqueous solution of sodium chloride? NCERT INTEXT QUESTIONS Page 40 1. Give an example of a metal which JeBSe 2020) ‘a knife. [CBSE 2020] the best conductor of heat. 4 poor conductor of heat. (0 Metal that exists in liquid state at room temperature is mereury. (ii) Metal that can be easily cut with a knife is sodium, (ii) Metal that is the best conductor of heat is silver. (i) Metal that is a poor conductor of heat is lead (aero ewes essere ewes anes ese se eee seeeseseny ' 1 ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' 2. Explain the meanings of malleable and ductile Iealso reacts violently with cold water. Hence, it ' ' Ans, Malleabl: Substances that can be beaten into thin catches fire if kept in open. Therefore, to prevent ' ' shiets are called malleable. Most of the metals are accidental fires and accidents, sodium is stored ' ' malleable, The most malleable metals are gold and immersed in kerosene oil. t silver 2. Write equations for the reactions of 1 i Ductile: Substances that can be drawn into thin (eon with stean 1 H wires are called ductile, Most of the metals are Gi) calcium and potassium with water. ' | ductile, Platinum, gold and silver are the most Ans. (/) 3Fe(s)+411,0() > Fe,O,s)-+4H,(@) i Aletile metals {se 2020) ! Page 46 (1) ) “28,040 > CHOH.a9)* HL) ' 1. Why is sodium kept immersed in kerosene oil? Heat | Ans. Sodium is a very reactive metal and combines 1 | explosively with air{oxygen) at room temperature. 4 ' 3. Samples of four metals A, B, C and D were taken and added to the following solutions one by one. The 1 t ed have heen tabulated as follows. 1 ' Tron(l}) Copper) Zine 1 rT jes sulphate sulphate sulphate 1 ' A | _Noveaction Displacement ' B_|__ Displacement No reaction ' | © | No react No reaction No reaetion| Displacement t i D_|__Noreaction No reaction Noreaction | No reaction i ' Use the Table above to answer the following questions about metals A, B, C and D. i (@ Which is the most reactive metal? 1 t (i) What would you observe if Bis added to solution of copper(I) sulphate? { i Arrange the metals A, B, C and D in the order of decreasing rea i Ans, A+ FeSO, > No reaction, i. Ais less reactive than ron ! ‘A CuSO} Displacement, Le. A is more reactive than copper ' ' B + FeSO, -> Displacement, i. B is more reactive than iron ' ' B+ ZnSO, > No reaction, eB is less reactive than zine ' ' C++ FeSO, No reaction, ie, Cis less reactive than iron 1 C+ CuSO}, No reaction, ie. Cs es reactive than copper ' It C+ ZnSO, — No reaction, i. C is ess reative than zine 1 i C+ AgNO, — Displacement, ie. Cis more reactive than silver. ' i D+ FeS0,/CuS0,7nS0,/AgNO, > No reaction, ie t ! Dis less reactive than iron, copper, zine, and silver. i From the above equation, we obtain: ' (i) Bis the most reactive metal. ' ' (i) IPB is added tow solution of copper (Ht) sulphate, then it would displace copper. ' B+ CuSO,——> Displacement ' ' (i) The arangement of the metals in the order of decreasing reactivity is ' ' B>A>C>D 1 i 4. Which gas is produced when dilute hydrochloric acid is added to a reactive metal? Write the chemical 1 t reaetion when iron reacts with dilute H,SO,- 1 t ‘When dilute hydrochlorie acid is added to & reactive metal, hydrogen gas i evolved t ! ‘The reaction benween iron and H,S0, is Fas) + H/SOJdil) ——> FeSOJaa) + Hye) ' Iron Sulphuric acid Ironilt)sulphate Hydrogen ! ' ‘What would you observe when zine is added toa solution of iron(IP) sulphate? Write the chemical reaction ' ' that takes place. ' ' Ans._ Zine is more reactive than ion, Therefore, izine is added to a solution of iron (I) sulphate, then it would displace ' ' iron from the solution 1 ' 1 ' ' ' ' ' SS mew nee en ee canincccemanaeessandaccnsaemew wenn’ peeeeeeenee penne ne nee e penne nen ee eens ! — | t ' | 1 \ za) + FeSOfoq) —» ' me” eons — we t om (Silvery-whitey (Greenish solution) aca z= \ _ 7 {Colorless solution) (Grey) : TWh cinion is 19 ee cdr sation nd mim . Go Sto: the format m of Na and MgO by the transfer of electrons. ' ! Gs coguaton of aion ae Econ arf sun toate ! Beces conipenie of oyu ! ! cue Corte ale ry (ii) (@) Formation of NO mums Me i Na——> Na’ i 28 . . sa jal En, eS Sis | io aha jens ' ° —+ ¢ | ‘Neutral Oxygen iis alo ontiin i Ny, (Neon vonfiguration) ' ! Nes Pu ——+ (Na’), [> ' \ parce “Canoe 4 ‘ator loses ‘gain two iy ! é ‘one electron electrons owed ' ) eran of MgO seamed ' 5 me i 282 * “ 8 sgh ‘Magnesium ion t 3 he a (Neon configuration) ' o — oe \ wil ey ; eo a : (Neon configuration) 1 t 7 Mere ' Morin Some Net ! 2, Sc = lone ee a \ wns present are Na’, O? and Mj | 1d Mein cmpound a ' pire um oxide (80) adm Sees = ints because of the strong force of attrac us \ va jwise ' tone ' oe ' () Mineral (ii) Ore (iii) Gi Thoma mais het rte am of nth dict Some mb found macawmir ea, NaCl aedion chloe) ' (0) They are minerals from which meta eee nscwecenn “ ma ee atte rm ence profitably, ¢.g., haematite (Fe,0,) is an or 1 | ¢ unwanted material present ec oa — Tewmmatie| na ‘present in the ores mined from earth is called, | it scale gage. tenes ob removed i sd prior ' | 1 ee penne nnn eee e eee ! www ewww eee eee 1 eeees ------------- - - - - - - - - --, 2. Name two metals which are found in nature in the free state. Ans. The metals present at the bottom of the reactivity series are mostly found in free state. For example: gold, silver, and platinum, (any 10) 3. What chemical process is used for obtaining a metal from its oxide? Ans. ‘The chemical process used for obtaining a metal from its oxide is reduction ‘There are mainly three different methods of reduction: (By heating (i) By using carbon (iii) By using aluminium, calcium, sodium etc. as reducing agents, Page SS 1, Metallic oxides of zinc, magnesium and copper were heated with the following metals. Zine Magnesiom | Copper | — — — [Copper oxide = = = In which cases will you find displacement reactions taking place? Ans. Metal ine Magnesium. Copper Zine oxide No reaction Displacement No reaction Magnesium oxide No reaction ‘No reaction No reaction Copper oxide Displacement Displacement No reaction 2. Which metals do not corrode easily? Ans. Gold, platinum, rhodium 3. What are alloys? Ans. Alloy are a homogeneous mixture of two or more metals or a metal and a non-metal, For example, brass is an alloy of eopper and zine. NCERT EXERCISES Which of the following pairs will give displacement reactions? (a) NaCI solution and copper metal (®) MgCl, solution and aluminium metal (©) FeSO, solution and silver metal (d) AgNO, solution and copper metal Ans. (d) Cu(s) + 2AgNO,(ag)—+ Cu(NO,) (aq) +2Ag(s) because copper is more reactive than Ag. 2. Which of the following methods is suitable for preventing an iron frying pan from rusting? (a) Applying grease (®) Applying paint (c) Applying a coating of zine (d) All of the above Ans. (c) Grease and paints are organic matter which ean ‘burn on heating. So, we do not apply grease or paint on a frying pan to prevent it from rusting, ‘We can prevent it from rusting by applying coating of zinc. Zine is more reactive than iron ‘and hence it does not allow iron to rus. 3. An element reacts with oxygen to givea compound ‘with a high melting point. This compound is also soluble in water. The element is likely to be (a) calcium (®) carbon. (©) silicon (@) ion Ans. (a) Calcium oxide has high melting point as itis ionic in nature and is soluble in water. 4. Food cans are coated with tin and not with zine because (a) Zine is costlier than tin, (6) Zine has a higher melting point than tin, (©) Zine is more reactive than t (@) Zine is less reactive than tin Ans. (c) Zinc is more reactive than tn, that is why, tin is used, S. You are given a hammer, a battery, a bulb, wires and a switeh, (a) How would you use them to distinguish between samples of metals and non-metals? (b) Assess the usefulness of these tests im distinguishing between metals and non- metals. Bw www we wwe ewww ew ew ne www e ewe e nn nnn ns 3--------- poo ------ Ans, Tagechon week? Science—10 (a) © ‘Take the sample of meta Hammer it for long time. Observe the metal after sometime. ‘* Take the sample of non-metal and hammer ita little You will observe that metal changes into sheets on hammering, ie, itis malleable whereas non-metal is brittle and it breaks on hammering, Ingert sample to be tested ‘© Set the apparatus as shown in the figure above. Take the sample of metal and put it ‘between the clips. Switeh on the current and observe the bulb, [Now take the sample of non-metal and insert it between clips. Switch on the current and observe the bulb, ‘You will ebserve that the bulb glows when current is switched on in case of metal sam- pile. The bulb does not glow in case of non- metal sample. This shows metals are good conductors of electricity whereas non-metals are bad con- ductors of electricity ‘These two tests can be used to distinguish between metals and non-metals. Hammering cean be used in most of metals except in case of sodium, potassium and lithium, Conduction of electricity can be used in Classification of most of the metals and non- metals except in graphite which is a non- ‘metallic conductor. What are amphoteric 01 of amphoteric oxides. The oxides which act as both acidic as well as basic are called amphoteric oxides, e.g, AIO, and Za0 are amphoteric oxides. ) les? Give two examples .- Zn and Al will displace hydrogen from dilute acids because they are more reactive than hydrogen ‘whereas Cu and Ag cannot displace hydrogen from Ans, 9. Ans. 10, Ans. 1" Ans. dilute acids because they are less reactive than hydrogen Za(s) + 2UCKdil) —+ ZnCl,(aq) * He) 2Al(s) + 6HICKdil) 2aICi,(ag) + 3H(8) In the electrolytic refining of a metal M, what would you take as the anode, cathode and electrolyte? Impure metal acts as anode, pure metal acts as cathode. Soluble salt of metal acts as electrolyte Pratyush took sulphur powder on a spatula and heated it, He collected the gas evolved by inverting. a test tube over + Spatia containing sph powder umer Collection of gus (a) What will be the action of gas on (i dry litmus paper? (ii) moist litmus paper? (0) Write a balanced chemical equ reaction taking place. (a) There will beno effect of gas on dry Timus paper (1), Moist blue litmus paper will turn red (B) Sls) + O,(@) —> SOse) Sulphur Osysen —_Sulphurdoxide SO) + H,0W) —> H,S0,(a9) Sula Shiro dFoxide ad (evi oxide) Sulphurous acid tums blue litmus red. State two ways to prevent the rusting of iron, () Painting: Iron articles are painted so that surface does not come in contact with air and water and it does not get rusted (@) Galvanisation: Iisa process in which iron articles are coated with zine metal so as to prevent them from rusting. Zinc is more reactive than iron, therefore, it loses electrons more readily and prevents iron from rusting. ‘What type of oxides are formed when non-metal ‘combine with oxygen? Mostly acidic oxides are formed when non-metal ‘combines with oxygen . Give reasons. () Platinum, gold and silver are used to make jewellery. (i) Sodium, potassium and lithium are stored under peewee ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' t Ans. ' ' ' ' ' t ' ' ' 1 1. ' { | Ans ' ' ' M4. ' ' Ans. ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ! 1 1 ! t Ane i 2 ' ' ' 1 ' Ans. ' 3. ! ' ' ' ' ' ' . (iii) Aluminium is a highly reactive metal, yet it pease ees gah eat] Gh Neen Gv) Carbonate and sulphide ores are usually 6 Co Tera at os Tach art) Raatvems | i) Nonme and carbon dioxide of air, they are stored eee rae: oe .. You must have seen tarnished copper vessels being. 4 particular solution. ‘The bangles sparkled like ‘why these sour substances are effective in cleaning ‘The lady was upset but after a futile argument the venel the man beat a hasty retreat. Can you play the It fa beoanse bedi eppper caitonatelfeeac wn detective to find out the nature ofthe solution he copper vessel reacts with acid present in lemon had used? Gruzmarind juice and gets disselved and green, Ans. The solution he had used was aqua regi, which layer is removed isa freshly prepared mixture of concentrated | Dalereriatetatwcen metal and non-metalon he We#kochlric acid and concentrated nitic acid inthe ratio 3: 1 Aqua regia is one ofthe few reagents that Ne ee arr is able to dissolve gold. When the person claimed Metals Non-metals to be goldsmith dipped bangles in aqua regia, some () Metalscan lose | (i) Non-metals can of the gold got dissolved and hence weight of the electrons easily gain electrons bangles got reduced. to form positive easily to form 16. Give the reason why copper is used to make hot, ions. negative ions. ‘water tanks and not steel (an alloy of iron). Ans. Copper is better conductor of heat than steel there- fore, iis used for making hot water tanks. ‘SELECT NCERT EXEMPLAR PROBLEMS. - Which one of the following metals do not react Ans. (c) These are less reactive with cold as well as hot water? 4. Metals are refined by using different methods. (a) Na) Ca, (Mg (a) Fe Which of the following metals are refined by (d) Ktreacts with steam. electrolytic refining? Generally metals react with acids to give salt and @ Aw iy) Cu hydrogen gas. Which of the following acids does (iit) Na Wk not give hydrogen gas on reacting with metals (a) (and (i) ——_(b) (and (i) (except Mn and Mg)? iKVS (e) (i) and (it) (a) (ii) and (iv) (a) 1.80, () Hel @ {e) HNO, (2) All of these 5S. Which of the following metals are obtained by 3) electrolysis of their chlorides in molten state? Which of the following metals existin their native (@ Na (i) Ca state in mature? IKVSI (iii) Fe (i) Cu @ Cu (i) Aw (a) (and (iv) (8) (ii) and (wr) (iii) Za (i) Ag (e) (and (ii) (a) (and (i) (a) (and Gi) (6) ii) and (i Ans. (d) Because Na and Ca are strong reducing agents, (c) (ii)and (iv) (a) (tit) and (er) 1 1 ' 1 2 pooen------ ee Ans. 10. Ans. n Ans. 2 mL. each of concentrated HCI, HNO, and a mixture of concentrated HCI and concentrated HNO, in the ratio of 3 : I were taken in test tubes labelled as A, B und C. Asma piece of metal was put in each test tube. No change occurred in test ‘metal could be (a) Al (b) Au Cu @ Ag (b) Cold is soluble in aqua regia, An electrolytic cell consists of (© positively charged cathode ly charged anode ly charged anode charged cathode (a) (Hand (i) (B) (Hid) and) (©) (and i) (a) (i) and) ®) An element A is soft and can be cut with a knife. This is very reactive to air and cannot be kept open in air. It reacts vigorously with water, Identify the element from the following [VS] (a) Mg (b) Na oP @ Ca (0) 2Na +2H,0 —> 2NaOH + H, |. Alloys are homogencous mixtures of a metal with a metal or non-metal. Which of the following all contain non-metal as one of its constituents? (a) Brass (8) Bronze (©) Amalgam. (d) Steel (d) Stee! isan alloy of Fe and C Which among the following alloys contain mereury as one of its constituents? (a) Stainless steel (4) Alnico (o) Solder (@) Zine amalgam (@) Amalgam contains mercury Reaction between X and Y, forms compound Z.X. loses electron and Y gains electron. Which of the following properties is not shown by 2? [KVS) (a) Has high melting point (®) Has low melting point (©) Conducts electricity in molten state (d) Occurs as solid 5. (6) It cannot have low melting point. The electronic configurations of three elements X, Vand Z are X —2, 8; ¥ — 2, 8, 7 and Z—2,8, 2. Which of the following is correct?” (a) Xis.ametal (®) Yisa metal (©) Zisa non-metal (a) Y is a non-metal and Z is a metal (a) X can gain electron; Z can lose electrons. 13. Although metals form basic following metals form an amphoteric oxide? (a) Na (b) Ca (Al (ad) Cu is amphoteric of the following can undergo a che reaction? IKVS} (a) MgSO,+Fe —(b) ZnSO, + Fe (©) MgSO,*Pb (a) CuSO, + Fe Ans, 4 Ans. (d) Fe+ CuSO, —> FeSO, + Cu 15, Which one of the following figures correctly describes the process of electrolytic refining? cathode canade «Anode i ested ‘Aided Gu80, Gu80, SSobten Sobiion ‘a Cathede-of "Je Anade —Catnade- J Anode ee [toed tec = = © Aas. (6) lpure Cu as anode; Pure Cus — 16. Which of the following property is generally not shown by metals? (a) Elecirical conduction (6) Sonorous in nature (©) Dullness (a) Ductility IKVSI (0) Duliness is not shown by metals. Metals are mostly lustrous, of metals to be drawn into is known as (a) ductility (b) malleability (©) sonorousity (a) conductivity [KS Ans. (a) Duciilty is ability of metals to be drawn into 18. What happens when calcium is treated with water? (i) Tt does not react with water (i) Itreacts violently with water (iti) Ie reacts less violently with water (iv) Bubbles of hydrogen gas formed stick tothe surface of ealeium (a) and) (B) (i) and (iy (6) @and di) —(@) (iiand (in) KSI Ans. (d) Ca + 2H,0 —+ Ca(OH), + H, + Heat 19. Which one of the following properties is not generally exhibited by ionic compounds? (a) Solubility in water (6) Electrical conductivity in solid state 1 1 ' 1 2 pooen------ ee 1 ' ' ' (€) High mettng and boiling points (©) Pure silver willbe formed at cathode ' (d) Electrical conductivity in molten state ‘Atanode: Ag—> Ag’ +e’ ! Ans. (b) lonie solids do not conduet electricity in solid Atcathode : Ag’ +e —> Ag ' state beeause ions are not free to move Why should the metal sulphides and carbonates 20. Which among the following statements is be converted to metal oxides in the process of ' correct for magnesium metal? TKVS} ‘extraction of metal from then 1 (a) It bums in oxygen with a dazzling white fame Ivis because itis easier to reduce metal oxides to 1 {b) Me reacts with cold water to form magnesium ‘get free metals as compared to metal sulphides and 1 oxide and evolves hydrogen gas imetal carbonates. i (6) It reacts with hot water to form magnesium 27, Compound X and aluminium are used to join | hydroxide and evolves hydrogen gas Fatiens tise (@) Tireaets with steam to form magnesium hydroxide (a) Identify the compound X and evolves hydrogen gas (8) Name the reaction. ! Ans. (b) Mg reacts with hot water and not cold water 1h Wie dernirteiainn (iors, ckersey ' 21. Generally, non-metals are not conductors of Ams. (a) “X'ise,O, ' electricity. Which of the following is a good (b) Itis called thermite reaction. ' ‘conductor of electricity? (e) 2Al(s) + Fe,0,(s)—> Al,0 (3) + 2Fe(%) + heat ' (a) Diamond (b) Graphite (oon) ' (6) Sulphur (d) Fallerene Molten iron is used to form broken railway tracks. (8) Graphite conducts electicity because electrons 28, When a metal X is treated with cold water, it ‘ ae free to move gives abasic salt Y with molecular formula XOH 1 22, ‘Electrical wires have a coating of an insula {molecular mass = 40) and liberates a gas Z which t aaterial, The material, generally used is, casi catches fre, Identify X, Y and Z. and also (a) Sulphur (6) Graphite write the reaction involved. (©) Pvc (@) All ean be used Ans. Both sodium (Na) and potassium (K) react with Ans. (6) PVC is insulator. cold water to give asic salt NaOH and KOH Ans. 24, 3. Which of the following non-metals is a liquid? IKVS} (2) Carbon () Bromine (c) Phosphorus (q) Sulphur (b) Bromine is liquid non-metal treated a lustrous, divalent element M with im hydroxide. He observed the formation of bubbles in reaction mixture. He made the same ‘observations when this element was treated with hydrochloric acid, Suggest how can he identify the produced gas. Write chemical equations for both the reactions. - M+ 2NaOH —+ Na,MO, + H,(g) M+ 2HC|—+ MCI, + Hy(g) Bring a burning candle near the gas, Iit burns with pop sound, the gas is hydrogen and the ele ment is a metal ig extraction of metals, electolytie refining is used {0 obtain pure metals. (a) Which material will be used ay anode and cathode for refining of silver metal by this process? (b) Suggest a suitable electrolyte also. (©) In this electrolytic cell, where do we get pure silver after passing electric current? (@) Pure silver rod will be used as eathode and impure silver od will be used as anode, (6) AgNO,(aq) can be used as electrolyte . The follo’ respectively Since the molecular mass of XOH is 40, therefore, the metal X is Na, Since, the molecular mass of NaOH is 40 23+ 16+ 1 = 40). Therefore, Y is ‘NaOH and the gas liberated duting reaction is hydrogen, Thus, Zis Hy 2Na+2H,0——> 2NaOH + H, + Heat energy ing reaction takes place when aluminium powder is heated with MnO, : 3MnO,s) +449) —> 3Mn() +2A1,0,() + Heat (Ooten) (Mate) (a) Is aluminium getting reduced? (b) Is MnO, getting oxidised? {@) No, aluminium is getting oxidised (6) No, MnO, is getting reduced A metal A, which is used in thermite process, when heated with oxygen gives an oxide B, which is amphotericin nature? Identify A and B. Write down the reactions of oxide B with HCI and NaOH. worst “A's aluminium, 4AlG) + 3042) > 2A1,0,5) “Bis ALO,,amphoteri in nature ALO, + 6H1CI—+ 2AIC!, + 31,0 ALO, +2NaOH —» 2NaAIO, + H,0 [CRS 2023) Give the formulae of the stable binary compounds that would be formed by the combination of following pairs of elements: het ww ww ww www wee ewww ewe www www ese cece nn nnnns

You might also like