Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • 8 views

    12. Hash Functions

    Uploaded by

    joeonlinepurchasing

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    12. Hash Functions

    Uploaded by

    joeonlinepurchasing
    8 views18 pages

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    8 views18 pages

    12. Hash Functions

    Uploaded by

    joeonlinepurchasing

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    You are on page 1of 18

    Cryptographic Hash

    Functions
    Each of the messages, like each one he had ever
    read of Stern's commands, began with a number
    and ended with a number or row of numbers. No
    efforts on the part of Mungo or any of his experts
    had been able to break Stern's code, nor was
    there any clue as to what the preliminary
    number and those ultimate numbers signified.
    —Talking to Strange Men, Ruth Rendell
    Hash Functions
    ➢ condenses arbitrary message to fixed size
    h = H(M)
    ➢ usuallyassume hash function is public
    ➢ hash used to detect changes to message
    ➢ want a cryptographic hash function
    ⚫ computationally infeasible to find data mapping
    to specific hash (one-way property)
    ⚫ computationally infeasible to find two data to
    same hash (collision-free property)
    Cryptographic Hash Function
    Hash Function Uses
    ➢ Message Integrity Check (MIC)
    ⚫ send hash of message (digest)
    ⚫ MIC always encrypted, message optionally
    ➢ Message Authentication Code (MAC)
    ⚫ send keyed hash of message
    ⚫ MAC, message optionally encrypted
    ➢ Digital Signature (non-repudiation)
    ⚫ Encrypt hash with private (signing) key
    ⚫ Verify with public (verification) key
    Hash Functions & Message
    Authentication
    Symmetric Key
    Unkeyed Hash

    a) Message
    encrypted

    b) Message
    unencrypted
    Hash Functions & Message
    Authentication
    Symmetric Key
    Keyed Hash

    a) Message
    unencrypted

    d) Message
    encrypted
    Hash Functions & Digital
    Signatures - PKCS
    More Hash Function Uses
    ➢ to create a one-way password file
    ⚫ store hash of password not actual password
    ⚫ e.g., Unix, Windows NT, etc.
    ⚫ salt to deter precomputation attacks
    ⚫ Rainbow tables
    ➢ for intrusion detection and virus detection
    ⚫ keep & check hash of files on system
    ⚫ e.g., Tripwire
    Hash Function Requirements
    Secure Hash Algorithm
    ➢ SHA originally designed by NIST & NSA in 1993
    ➢ was revised in 1995 as SHA-1
    ➢ US standard for use with DSA signature scheme
    ⚫ standard is FIPS 180-1 1995, also Internet RFC3174
    ⚫ nb. the algorithm is SHA, the standard is SHS
    ➢ based on design of MD4 with key differences
    ➢ produces 160-bit hash values
    ➢ 2005 results on security of SHA-1 raised
    concerns on its use in future applications
    Revised Secure Hash
    Standard
    ➢ NIST issued revision FIPS 180-2 in 2002
    ➢ adds 3 additional versions of SHA
    ⚫ SHA-256, SHA-384, SHA-512
    ➢ designed for compatibility with increased
    security provided by the AES cipher
    ➢ structure & detail is similar to SHA-1
    ➢ hence analysis should be similar
    ➢ but security levels are rather higher
    SHA Versions
    SHA-512 Overview
    SHA-512 Processing of a Single 1024-Bit Block
    SHA-512 Compression
    Function
    ➢ heartof the algorithm
    ➢ processing message in 1024-bit blocks
    ➢ consists of 80 rounds
    ⚫ updating a 512-bit buffer
    ⚫ using a 64-bit value Wt derived from the
    current message block
    ⚫ and a round constant based on cube root of
    first 80 prime numbers
    SHA-512 Round Function
    SHA-512 Round Function
    Summary
    ➢ have considered:
    ⚫ hash functions
    • uses, requirements, security
    ⚫ SHA-512

    You might also like