Content and Contextual Analysis of Selected Primary Sources in

Philippine History

 KKK -- Kataastaasang Kagalanggalangang Katipunan ng mga Anak ng Bayan

 FOUNDING OF THE KATIPUNAN

 Founded on the night of July 7, 1892, at Azcarraga St. (Claro M. Recto St.)
 The Katipunan was a secret revolutionary society of Filipino patriots.
 Founder: Andres Bonifacio, with the aid of his friends:
 Teodoro Plata
 Ladislao Diwa
 Deodato Arellano
 Valentin Diaz
 Jose Dizon

 The Katipunan is arguably the most important organization formed in the Philippine History.

 Principal Aims of KKK:

 Unity of the Filipinos; and
 Separation from Spain by means of revolution

 Previous armed revolts had already occurred before the foundation of the Katipunan , but
none of them envisioned a unified Filipino nation revolting against the colonizers.
 The Magalat Revolt (1596) - Led by the Igorots in Northern Luzon opposing
Spanish rule

 Diego Silang
 Diego Silang was known as an Ilocano who took up his arms and led one of the longest
running revolts in the country.
 His locality referred to him as El Rey de Ilocos. (The King of Ilocos)
 Proclaimed the independence of Ilocos.
 Demanded the abolition of forced labor and tribute
 Took advantage of the chaos of the times owing to the British occupation of Manila. He
was befriended by the British.

 The propaganda movements led by the ilustrados like Marcelo H. del Pilar, Graciano
Lopez Jaena, and Jose Rizal did not envision a total separation of the Philippines from
Spain, but only demanded equal rights, representation, and protection from the abuses of
the friars.
 Three prominent ilustrados in Spain: Dr. José Rizal, Marcelo H. del Pilar
and Mariano Ponce (from left to right). Photo was taken in Spain in 1890.

 Andres Bonifacio
 The Great Plebeian Born in Tondo on November 30, 1863
 The first child of poor parents.
 Named after St. Andrew the patron saint of Manila.
 He had three brothers and two sisters:
Brothers
 Ciriaco
 Procopio
 Troadio

Sisters
 Espiridiona
 Maxima

 His parents died when was 14 years old. He supported his siblings by selling bamboo canes
and proper fans in the city streets.
 He also worked as a warehouse keeper in mosaic tile factory in Sta. Mesa.
 He worked first as a messenger and was promoted as an agent in Fleming and Company but
he transferred to Fressell and Company for a higher wage.
 He started his education in the school of Guillermo Osmeña, a private primary school in
Tondo.
 He educated himself by extensive reading of good books and learning Spanish by self-study.

 Monica – first (1) wife of Bonifacio who died because of leprosy.

 Gregoria de Jesus – second (2) wife of Bonifacio whom he had a son named Andres
who died because of smallpox.

 Emilio Jacinto
 Brains of the Katipunan
 Born in Trozo (Tondo), Manila on
 December 15, 1875.
 His father died shortly after he was born so he was adopted by his uncle Don Jose
Dizon

 Obtained the Bachelor of Arts’ degree in Colegio de San Juan de Letran

 Studied Law in UST but was not able to finish it.
 Remained loyal to Bonifacio even after his death.
 He died on April 16, 1899 at the age of 23 years old because of Malaria.

 Katipunan Government
 Kataastaasang Sanggunian (Supreme Council)
– for the whole country
– Consisted of a president, a fiscal, a secretary, a treasurer, and a comptroller.

 Sangguniang Bayan (Provincial Council)

– for every province.
  Sangguniang Balangay (Municipal Council)
– for every town.

The Judicial power of KKK was exercised by the

 Sangguniang Hukuman (Judicial Council)

– It decided cases involving treachery among the members and quarrels between
them.

 Officers of KKK
 The first Supreme Council of the Katipunan was organized in August 1, 1892.
 It was composed of the following:
 President (Supremo) – Deodato Arellano (first supremo / president)
 Comptroller (Intervenor) – Andres Bonifacio
 Fiscal – Ladislao Diwa
 Secretary – Teodoro Plata
 Treasurer – Valentin Diaz

 Deodato Arellano – was the first (1) President of Katipunan.

 Roman Basa - second (2) president of kattipunan; became the Supremo because
Bonifacio was disgusted over the performance of Arellano.
 Two years after, another election was held with the following as officers:
 Supremo – Andres Bonifacio
 Secretary of State – Emilio Jacinto
 Secretary of War – Teodoro Plata
 Secretary of Justice – Briccio Pantas
 Secretary of Interior – Aguedo del Rosario
 Secretary of Finance – Enrique Pacheco

 KATIPUNAN MEMBERSHIP
 Originally the KKK recruited new members by means of TRIANGLE SYSTEM
 An original member would recruit two new members who did not know each other.
 Example: Bonifacio formed the first triangle with Diwa and Plata
 They also agreed that they would pay a membership fee amounting to one real fuerte
(twenty-five (25) centavos) and a monthly due of media real (twelve (12) centavos).

 Every member of the Katipunan adopted a symbolic name:

 Andres Bonifacio – May Pagasa

 Emilio Jacinto – Pingkian
 Artemio Ricarte – Vibora
 Emilio Aguinaldo – Magdalo

 Three (3) Grades of the Katipunan Membership:

  Katipun (Associate) – first (1) grade, password was ANAK NG BAYAN
 Kawal (Soldier) – second (2) grade, password was GOMBURZA
 Bayani (Patriot) – third (3) grade, password was RIZAL

 Women of the Katipunan

 At the beginning, the Katipunan was exclusively for men.
 Women were later admitted to preserve peace in the family, because the wives of the
Katipuneros were becoming jealous of the nightly absences of their husbands and the
reduction of their monthly earnings.

 Qualifications for Female Members:

 Wife of a Katipunero
 Daughter of a Katipunero
 Sister of a Katipunero
 Any close relative of a Katipunero

 Prominent Katipuneras
1. Gregoria de Jesus
 Second (2) wife of Bonifacio and they have a son named ANDRES who died because
of SMALLPOX
 was called Lakambini of the Katipunan.

2. Maria Dizon
 cousin of Emilio Jacinto
3. Simeona de Remigio
 wife of Tomas Remigio

 Sisters of Rizal
 Josefa Rizal
 Trinidad Rizal

 Josefa Rizal
 Known as "PANGOY"
 She is the sister of the national hero, Dr. Jose Rizal, and
 became the president of the women's chapter.
 Like Gregoria de Jesus, Josefa was also a keeper of the secret documents of the
organization.
 They protected the Katipuneros while they secretly met, using singing and dancing to
divert the attention of the civil guards.

 Melchora Ramos y Aquino

 Tandang Sora
 (January 6, 1812 – March 2, 1919)
 Mother of the Katipunan
  She fed the Katipuneros and nursed
 the wounded patriots .
 Later she was arrested by the
 Spanish authorities and was exiled in Marianas.

 Services of the Women in the Katipunan

 They guarded the secret documents and paraphernalia of the society.
 They helped recruiting new members of the society.
 Whenever the Katipuneros were holding their secret meeting, they held a gay party to
cover up the revolutionary activity.

 Literature of the Katipunan

 Emilio Jacinto
 youngest and greatest writer of the Katipunan
 His pen name was Dimas-Ilaw
 He wrote the following:
 A la Patria – his poetical masterpiece
 Liwanag at Dilim – a series of essays on human rights, liberty, equality of men,
labor, and love of country.
 Kartilya ng Katipunan – contains the teachings of the KKK.

Kartilya ng Katipunan
EMILIO JACINTO
Rules in Kartilya
The rules and code of conduct stated in the Kartilya can be classified into two.
 The first group (1-7) contains the rules that will make the member an upright
individual.
 The second group (8-14) contains the rules that will guide the way he treats his fellow
men.

I
The life that is not consecrated to a lofty and reasonable purpose is like a tree without a shadow,
if not a poisonous weed.

II
To do good for personal gain and not for its own sake is not virtue.

III
It is rational to be charitable and love one’s fellow creature, and to adjust one’s conduct, acts
and words to what is in itself reasonable.
 IV
Whether our skin be black or white, we are all born equal; superiority in knowledge, wealth and
beauty are to be understood, but not superiority in nature.

V
The honorable man prefers honor to personal gain the scoundrel, gain to honor.

VI
To the honorable man, his word is sacred.

VII
Do not waste thy time; wealth can be recovered but not time lost.

VIII
Defend the oppressed and fight the oppressor before the law or in the field.

IX
The prudent man is sparing in words and faithful in kee

X
On the thorny path of life, man is the guide of his wife and the children, and if the guide leads to
evil, those whom he guides likewise move towards evil.

XI
Think not of woman as a thing merely to while away time but as a helper and partner in
hardships of life. Respect her in her weakness, and remember the mother who brought you into
this world and cared for you in your childhood.

XII
What thou dost not desire done unto thy wife, children, brothers and sisters, that do not unto the
wife, children, brothers and sisters of thy neighbor.

XIII
The nobility of a man does not consist in being a king, nor in the highness of nose and the
whiteness of the skin, nor in being the priest representing God, nor in the exalted position in this
earth, but pure and truly noble is he who, though born in the woods, is possessed of an upright
character; who is
true to his word; who has dignity and honor; who does not oppress and does not help those who
oppress; who knows how to look after and love the land of his birth.

XIV
When these doctrines spread and the Sun of beloved liberty shines with brilliant effulgence in
these unhappy isles and sheds its soft rays upon the united people and brothers in everlasting
happiness, the lives, labors and sufferings of those who are gone shall be more than
recompensed.
 Andres Bonifacio
 a self trained writer.
 His pen name was Agapito Bagumbayan
 His writings were:
 Pag-ibig sa Tinubuang Bayan – a patriotic poem
 Katungkulang Gagawin ng mga Anak ng Bayan – a Katipunan Decalogue
 Ang Dapat Mabatid ng mga Tagalog – a politico-historical essay.

Decalogue of the duties of the sons of the people

ANDRES BONIFACIO

Decalogue of the Katipunan

I
Love God with all your heart. Bear always in mind that the love of God is also the love of Country,
and this too, is love of one’s fellowmen.

II
Engrave in your heart that the true measure of honor and happiness is to die for the freedom of
your country.

III
Bear always in mind that the true measure of honor and of charity is to die in defense of your
country.

IV
Serenity, constancy, reason, and faith in whatever act of endeavor, crown with success every
desire.

V
Guard, as you would your honor, the mandates and aims of the K.K.K.

VI
It is incumbent on all that he who runs a serious risk in complying with his duties should be
protected at the sacrifice of life and riches.

VII
Let the achievement of each, either in self-control or in compliance with duty, be an example to
his fellow.
 VIII
Help to the limit of your endurance, share your wealth with the needy or unfortunate.

IX
Diligence in your daily work to earn a living is the true expression of love and affection for
yourself, for your wife, for your child, for your brother, and for your countryman.

X
Believe in the chastisement of the perverse and the treacherous and in the reward of all good
work.
Believe, also that the aims of K.K.K are the gifts of God; for the hopes of the Country are also the
hopes of God.

 Dr. Pio Valenzuela

 The physician of the Katipunan.
 He helped Jacinto in putting up the Kalayaan, the Katipunan’s newspaper.
 Madlang-away (fight of the people) – his pen name.
 Collaborated with his best friend Bonifacio in writing the manifesto entitled Sa Mga
Kababayan.

 Kalayaan
 Organ of the KKK
 Realizing the value of the printed word, Bonifacio and his friends established a printing
press and an organ of for the society.

 Isabelo delos Reyes

 The printing pres was purchased from him.
 The money used to by the printing press was donated by two (2) Visayan
katipuneros:
 Francisco del Castillo
 Candido Iban – whose ticket won the lottery.

 Jose Rizal and the Katipunan

 From the time that Rizal was banished in Dapitan in July of 1892, he has devoted
himself to helping the people in Dapitan.
 Bonifacio tried hard to convince Rizal to support the armed revolt, because he
believed that if Rizal would give his approval, that would enable the reluctant
ilustrados to support the cause of the Katipunan.

 Pio Valenzuela
 was sent by Bonifacio in Dapitan to convince Rizal to give his approval.

 Rizal
  believed that it was foolishness to fight the Spaniards without sufficient arms and
funds.
 He suggested that the Katipuneros wait for sometime before the launching of an
armed struggle.

 Even so, he suggested as to why not attract the influential and wealthy Filipinos to the cause
to ensure the success of the revolution. He also suggested ANTONIO LUNA to be appointed
as their MILITARY LEADER

 Valenzuela came back to Manila and reported the results of his mission, Bonifacio admitted
that it would be fatal for them to start a revolution without enough weaponry with which to
fight the enemy.

 Paciano Rizal
 Jose Rizal’s older brother supported Bonifacio.

 Bonifacio
 hang Rizal’s portrait in their headquarters.

 The Katipunan and Japan

 The Katipunan sought Japan’s aid in the coming revolution.

 In May 1896, a Katipunan delegation, headed by Bonifacio and Jacinto, secretly

contacted a visiting Japanese naval officer of the cruiser Kongo, and the Japanese
consul at a Japanese bazaar and requested Japanese aid against Spain.

 Moritaro Tagawa
 a Japanese married to Filipina from Bocaue, Bulacan acted as interpreter.