CSC508 Data Structures

Topic 2 : Array

Compiled & edited by: Zahid Zainal

 Recap

 Data types
 Definition of Data Structures
 Java Collection Framework
 Review
 Java Abstract Classes
 Java Interfaces

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 Topic Structure

 Collection hierarchy
 Array definition
 Array implementation
 ArrayList
 User-defined

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 Learning Outcomes

 At the end of this lesson, students should be able to:

 Define the concept array
 Describe array characteristics
 Implement array operation

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 Collection Hierarchy

 The Collection interface specifies a subset of the methods

specified in the List interface. Definition of Data
Structures
 Collection interface is the root of the collection hierarchy
 Two branches: one rooted by the List interface and the other by
the Set interface

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 List Interface

 List: A collection of elements of the same type.

 Example: A list of students A list of books
 Allowed operations on the List interface include:
 Finding a specified target
 Adding an element to either end
 Removing an item from either end
 Traversing the list structure without a subscript

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 List Interface (cont.)

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 Array

 A collection of a fixed number of components wherein all

of the components have the same data type.
 Content of an array is referred using index, or subscript,
ranging from 0 (the first element in the array) until n-1
(the last element in the array)
 Where n is the size of an array.

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 Array Characteristic

 Homogenous
 Array only stores data of the same type.
 Fixed-size
 In general, the size of array is fixed upon creation.
 Random access
 Element of an array can access in random

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 Operation on Arrays

 Create and initialize

 Determine whether an array is full or empty
 Insert an element in the list at the specified location
 Remove an element from the list at the specified location
 Retrieve an element from the list at the specified location
 Replace an item at the specified location with another
item
 Search the array for a given element

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 ArrayList Class

 The Java API provides the ArrayList class, which uses an

array as the underlying structure to implement the List.
 An ArrayList class is the class that implements the List
interface.
 An ArrayList object is an improved version of a one-
dimensional array, where;
 It can select its elements in arbitrary order (random) using a
subscript value.
 The size automatically increases or decreases as new elements are
added or removed.

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 Methods in ArrayList

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 Sample Implementation ArrayList

import java.util.ArrayList; //Import ArrayList from java.util

public class Topic2Array {

public static void main(String[] args) {
//Create an ArrayList object
ArrayList<String> customer = new ArrayList<String>();

//Adding three elements into the array

customer.add("John");
customer.add("Mike");
customer.add("Sue");
customer.add("Joanna");

//Print the array content

for(int i = 0; i < customer.size(); i++) {
System.out.println("Index " + i + " : " + customer.get(i));
}
Compiled & edited by: Zahid Zainal
 Sample Implementation ArrayList (cont.)

customer.remove(2); //Remove element at index 2

//Print the array content

for(int i = 0; i < customer.size(); i++) {
System.out.println("Index " + i + " : " + customer.get(i));
}

customer.set(1, "Hendry"); //Update the content at index 1

//Print the array content

for(int i = 0; i < customer.size(); i++) {
System.out.println("Index " + i + " : " + customer.get(i));
}
}
}

Compiled & edited by: Zahid Zainal

 User-defined array

 Create your on class myArray.

Define the variable to
update the array size
class myArray{
private int size; Reference variable to
public int[] newArray; the array

public myArray(){
newArray = new int[10];//Create array of 10 elements
size = 0;
System.out.println("Array Created.");}

Constructor to initialize
the array
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 User-defined array (cont.)

 Methods to add an element at the end of the array.

public void addElement(int a) {
newArray[size] = a;
size++; Check the array size
} first before remove
 Methods to remove an element from a specific index.
public void deleteElement(int index) {
if (size == 0 || index >= size)
System.err.println("Invalid index");
else {
for (int i = index; i < size; i++)
newArray[i] = newArray[i+1];
size --; Shift the array element
} one by one
}
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 User-defined array (cont.)

 Print array element

public void printArray() {
if (size == 0)
System.err.println("Array is Empty.");
else {
for (int i = 0; i < size; i++)
System.out.println(newArray[i]);
}
}

 Get array size

public int getSize() {
return size;
}
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 Testing myArray class

public static void main(String[] args) {

myArray arr1 = new myArray();
//arr1.printArray();
arr1.addElement(4);
arr1.addElement(6);
arr1.addElement(78);
arr1.printArray();
arr1.deleteElement(0);
arr1.printArray();
System.out.println(arr1.getSize());
}

Compiled & edited by: Zahid Zainal

 Summary

 Array is a collection of a fixed number of components

wherein all of the components have the same data type.
 Build-in array implementation using ArrayList class.
 Self-defined array implementation
 Create array
 Insert element
 Removing element
 Print element

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 Next Topic…

 Linear list
 Linked List
 Concept
 Implementation
 Application

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 References

 Carrano, F. & Savitch, W. 2005. Data Structures and

Abstractions with Java, 2nd ed. Prentice-Hall.
 Malik D.S, & Nair P.S., Data Structures Using Java,
Thomson Course Technology, 2003.
 Rada Mihalcea, CSCE 3110 Data Structures and Algorithm
Analysis notes, U of North Texas.

Compiled & edited by: Zahid Zainal