SOCIOECONOMIC FACTORS INFLUENCING JUVENILE DELINQUENCY

PATTERNS IN BARANGAY LAGAO, GENERAL SANTOS CITY

A Thesis
Presented to the Faculty of
College of Criminal Justice
Ramon Magsaysay Memorial Colleges
General Santos City

In Partial Fulfillment
of the Requirements in
Criminological Research 1 & 2

CYRIL SHEEN P. AMISTOSO

AMIR IAN S. PALLANAN
DECEMBER 2024
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

CONTENT PAGE

TITLE PAGE
APPROVAL SHEET
ABSTRACT
TABLE OF CONTENTS
LIST OF TABLES
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
DEDICATION

Chapter

1 INTRODUCTION

Rationale

Research Objective

Review of Related Literature

Theoretical Framework

Significance of the Study

Definition of Terms

2 METHOD

Research Design

Research Locale

Population and Sample

Research Instrument
 Data Collection

Statistical Tools

Ethical Consideration

APPENDICES

A Letter of Request for Validation

B Validation Sheets

C Questionnaire

D Summary of Validation

E Letter to Conduct Study

F Letter to The Respondents

G Certificate of Appearance

REFERENCES

CURRICULUM VITAE
 Chapter 1

INTRODUCTION

Rationale

Juvenile delinquency is a severe social issue that has an impact on people

individually, in families, and in communities.

While there are a number of elements that affect adolescent delinquent

behavior, socioeconomic circumstances significantly affect the throughout their

life. Barangay Lagao, General Santos City is a state with numerous

socioeconomic problems, hence it's imperative to create successful preventative

and therapeutic measures, look into how these characteristics impact adolescent

delinquency.

Regardless of a person's location or developmental stage, their behavior

can be classified as either maladaptive or adaptive depending on way people

engage with their immediate environment. It is believed that criminal behavior is

maladaptive. Regardless of the location juvenile delinquency (JD), which is an

issue because of the potential for a delinquent to commit criminal behavior into

adulthood. Because of the increase in youthful criminal activity, it is now essential

to recognize the fundamental reasons for this trend.

 There are two types of "socio-economic factors": social and legalese's

economic components. Social factors include the role of the family, the influence

of parents, the relationships between siblings, peer interactions, and community

dynamics. However, economic among the factors taken into account are the

parents' employment position, the family's overall socioeconomic standing, and

their yearly revenue. Poverty is one important socioeconomic element linked to

juvenile criminality (Spiel & Schwartzman (2018). Lack of money usually

exacerbates social and familial stressors, which increases the potential for young

people to resort to illegal activities in order to adapt to society or make ends

meet. Additionally, as with limited access, education is crucial in providing youth

with alternate routes and opportunities for social mobility.

The cycle of poverty and criminality is made worse by limited access to

educational opportunities and resources. The dynamics of the family are also

very important in determining the patterns of adolescent misbehaviour.

Delinquent actions in young people can be attributed to dysfunctional family

systems, parental abuse or neglect, and a lack of parental supervision.

Furthermore, young people who lack supportive family situations and healthy role

models may be more vulnerable to harmful influences from peers or outside

sources. In addition, rates of juvenile delinquency may be impacted by access to

healthcare services and work prospects. Young individuals may turn to illegal

activities as well as other alternative means of obtaining money as a result of

limited employment opportunities and unstable economic conditions. In a similar

vein, a lack of access to mental health services and other healthcare resources
can aggravate underlying problems that lead to juvenile delinquent conduct

(McCord, Widom, & Crowe, 2001).

In order to thoroughly investigate the influence of socio-economic

determinants on adolescent delinquency in Barangay Lagao, General Santos

City, a multidisciplinary research methodology is needed. In order to obtain

insight into the lived experiences and viewpoints of juvenile offenders, their

families, and stakeholders within the juvenile justice system, this strategy may

entail conducting qualitative interviews.

The legal term "delinquency," which refers to criminal activity by juveniles,

usually results from a spiralling pattern of bad behaviours. The definitions of

delinquency vary throughout different organizations. In order to reduce confusion,

we distinguish four viewpoints regarding delinquency. Parents initially perceive

juvenile delinquency as disruptive or belligerent behaviour, which includes theft

from family members, property destruction, disobedience, and threats of violence

against parents. Secondly, from an educational perspective, delinquent

behaviours are frequently seen as compromising staff and student safety,

interfering with academic progress, and violating school policies.

Thirdly, a mental health viewpoint allows for the evaluation of adolescent

misbehaviour via the prism of psychological well-being, taking into account

elements like emotional dysregulation, cognitive deficits, or psychiatric illnesses.

Lastly, delinquency from a legal perspective refers to behaviours that

violate laws or rules that apply to adolescents and call for the juvenile court
system to assist. Together, these many viewpoints help to provide a thorough

understanding of juvenile delinquency, which in turn helps to facilitate specialised

interventions and legal remedies meant to address the root causes and lessen

the effects of juvenile delinquent behaviour.

Research Objectives:

(a) How do socio-economic factors such as poverty, unemployment, and

education level influence the prevalence of juvenile delinquency in Barangay

Lagao, General Santos City?

(b) To what extent do government policies and social programs aimed at

addressing socio-economic inequalities impact juvenile delinquency rates in

Barangay Lagao, General Santos City?

(c) What are the long-term implications of Juvenile Delinquency

associated with socio-economic disadvantages on individuals, families and

communities in Barangay Lagao, General Santos City?

Hypothesis:

The lack of implementation of Government policies and Parental care

raises various socio-economic factors that cause Juvenile delinquency in Lagao,

General Santos City.

Review of Related Literature:

The study's main goals were to describe the background traits of young

offenders, clarify the social elements that lead to juvenile delinquency, and
pinpoint the economic factors that affect this kind of conduct. To obtain relevant

findings, a quantitative methodology was utilized, and basic random sampling

techniques were utilized to simplify data collecting. The study's conclusions show

that the main causes of adolescent delinquency include poor levels of

educational attainment, retaliatory actions, intrafamilial conflict, negative peer

pressure, and insufficient parental monitoring.

This study aims to determine the underlying causes, consequences, and

preventative strategies of juvenile delinquency by means of a thorough literature

review and statistical analysis. It looks at socioeconomic inequalities as

significant causes, including parental neglect, early marriage, poverty, peer

pressure, and exposure to violence. Additionally, the research assesses the

efficacy of diverse interventions, such as vocational training, counselling,

rehabilitation, and legal measures. The research highlights the need for a

comprehensive understanding of juvenile delinquency and makes

recommendations for policymakers, practitioners, and academics by combining

ideas from fields including sociology, psychology, criminology, and law. This study

used a scientific research methodology to examine the correlation between

familial, educational, and peer factors and juvenile delinquency, revealing

significant associations with intra-familial discord, parentalsupervision, peer

pressure, academic performance, and mental health issues.

The present study (Saigal & Vaish, 2022) From a legal perspective,

climate change presents a major worldwide concern, driven by the rapidly

growing transportation industry. It is essential to promote an efficient and

sustainable transportation system. This study emphasizes how important it is to

take into account the various preferences of different socioeconomic groups

when developing transportation regulations in order to maintain integrity with

goals of sustainability and women's empowerment. Furthermore, spousal

violence has a negative effect on adolescent crime, according to the study.

However, it has been established that education deters juvenile-related

crimes, even while deterrence elements are absent.

Novel outcomes emerge, in opposition to previous studies' conclusions.

Remarkably, the relationship between the rate of adolescent criminality and adult

unemployment is negative, which goes against popular belief. Furthermore, there

is a strong correlation between the rate of adolescent crime and the density of

police. Additional information is provided by analyzing the different kinds of

crimes (violent and property). The GMM analysis presented in the research does

not support the hypothesis that juvenile delinquency has a detrimental effect on

economic growth. This study provides insightful information for academics and

policymakers trying to solve this urgent issue culture, and respect, making it a

serious social concern. Barangay Lagao, General Santos City is a centre for

studying for competitive exams, with a large number of students congregating

there. The problem of juvenile delinquency is exacerbated by the fact that many

of these students engage in criminal and antisocial activities in addition to their

academic endeavours.

The purpose of this essay is to clarify the contributing variables and

societal effects of juvenile delinquency. Data were gathered through semi-

structured interviews with psychologists, doctors, police officers, and caregivers

of borstals and rehabilitation institutions in addition to the use of self-made

checklists and questionnaires. Purposive sampling was used to pick 100 people

from each category, including psychologists, police officers, parents, and

caretakers of borstals and hostels.

According to the study's findings, adolescent delinquent behaviours—such

as theft, forgery, destruction of school property, bullying, verbal abuse,

exhibitionism, involvement in illegal activities including drug trafficking, and

truancy—are common among this demographic. Severe criminal acts, such as

murder, prostitution, suicide, and rape, were comparatively uncommon in the

community under study. The study looks deeper into the underlying causes of

these juvenile delinquent behaviours. Purposive sampling was used to pick 100

people from each category, including psychologists, police officers, parents, and

caretakers of borstals and hostels. According to the study's findings, adolescent

delinquent behaviours—such as theft, forgery, destruction of school property,

bullying, verbal abuse, exhibitionism, involvement in illegal activities including

drug trafficking, and truancy—are common among this demographic. Severe

criminal acts, such as murder, prostitution, suicide, and rape, were comparatively

uncommon in the community under study. The study looks deeper into the

underlying causes of these juvenile delinquent behaviours.

In this study (Javed, Azhar,

Anwar, & Sohai, 2016)The
goal of this study is to look
into the socioeconomic
factors
that influence adolescent
criminality. The study was
carried out inside the jails
in the Punjabi region of
Faisalabad and
Bahawalpur Borstal. The
study's main goals were to
describe the background
traits of young offenders,
clarify the social
elements that lead to
juvenile delinquency, and
pinpoint the economic
factors that affect this kind
of conduct. To obtain
relevant findings, a
quantitative methodology
was utilized, and basic
random sampling
techniques were utilized to
simplify
data collecting. The
sampling technique stated
above resulted in the
selection of a sample size
of 140 respondents. The
study's conclusions show
that the main causes of
adolescent delinquency
include poor levels of
educational attainment,
retaliatory actions,
intrafamilial conflict,
negative peer pressure, and
insufficient parental
monitoring.
In this study (Javed, Azhar,
Anwar, & Sohai, 2016)The
goal of this study is to look
into the socioeconomic
factors
that influence adolescent
criminality. The study was
carried out inside the jails
in the Punjabi region of
Faisalabad and
Bahawalpur Borstal. The
study's main goals were to
describe the background
traits of young offenders,
clarify the social
elements that lead to
juvenile delinquency, and
pinpoint the economic
factors that affect this kind
of conduct. To obtain
relevant findings, a
quantitative methodology
was utilized, and basic
random sampling
techniques were utilized to
simplify
data collecting. The
sampling technique stated
above resulted in the
selection of a sample size
of 140 respondents. The
study's conclusions show
that the main causes of
adolescent delinquency
include poor levels of
educational attainment,
retaliatory actions,
intrafamilial conflict,
negative peer pressure, and
insufficient parental
monitoring.
In this study (Javed, Azhar,
Anwar, & Sohai, 2016)The
goal of this study is to look
into the socioeconomic
factors
that influence adolescent
criminality. The study was
carried out inside the jails
in the Punjabi region of
Faisalabad and
Bahawalpur Borstal. The
study's main goals were to
describe the background
traits of young offenders,
clarify the social
elements that lead to
juvenile delinquency, and
pinpoint the economic
factors that affect this kind
of conduct. To obtain
relevant findings, a
quantitative methodology
was utilized, and basic
random sampling
techniques were utilized to
simplify
data collecting. The
sampling technique stated
above resulted in the
selection of a sample size
of 140 respondents. The
study's conclusions show
that the main causes of
adolescent delinquency
include poor levels of
educational attainment,
retaliatory actions,
intrafamilial conflict,
negative peer pressure, and
insufficient parental
monitoring.
In this study (Javed, Azhar,
Anwar, & Sohai, 2016)The
goal of this study is to look
into the socioeconomic
factors
that influence adolescent
criminality. The study was
carried out inside the jails
in the Punjabi region of
Faisalabad and
Bahawalpur Borstal. The
study's main goals were to
describe the background
traits of young offenders,
clarify the social
elements that lead to
juvenile delinquency, and
pinpoint the economic
factors that affect this kind
of conduct. To obtain
relevant findings, a
quantitative methodology
was utilized, and basic
random sampling
techniques were utilized to
simplify
data collecting. The
sampling technique stated
above resulted in the
selection of a sample size
of 140 respondents. The
study's conclusions show
that the main causes of
adolescent delinquency
include poor levels of
educational attainment,
retaliatory actions,
intrafamilial conflict,
negative peer pressure, and
insufficient parental
monitoring.
 In this study (Javed, Azhar, Anwar, & Sohai, 2016)The goal of this study is

to look into the socioeconomic factors that influence adolescent criminality. The

study was carried out inside the jails in the Punjabi region of Faisalabad and

Bahawalpur Borstal. The study's main goals were to describe the background

traits of young offenders, clarify the social elements that lead to juvenile

delinquency, and pinpoint the economic factors that affect this kind of conduct.

To obtain relevant findings, a quantitative methodology was utilized, and basic

random sampling techniques were utilized to simplify data collecting. The

sampling technique stated above resulted in the selection of a sample size of

140 respondents. The study's conclusions show that the main causes of

adolescent delinquency include poor levels of educational attainment, retaliatory

actions, intrafamilial conflict, negative peer pressure, and insufficient parental

monitoring.

In-depth research (Atrey & Singh, 2023) on adolescent delinquency in

Rajasthan, India, is done in this study, which emphasizes the serious

consequences it has on people as individuals, families, and society as large. This

study aims to determine the underlying causes, consequences, and preventative

strategies of juvenile delinquency by means of a thorough literature review and

statistical analysis. It looks at socioeconomic inequalities as significant causes,

including parental neglect, early marriage, poverty, peer pressure, and exposure

to violence.

Additionally, the research assesses the efficacy of diverse interventions,

such as vocational training, counselling, rehabilitation, and legal measures. The

research highlights the need for a comprehensive understanding of juvenile

delinquency and makes recommendations for policymakers, practitioners, and

academics by combining ideas from fields including sociology, psychology,

criminology, and law. This study used a scientific research methodology to

examine the correlation between familial, educational, and peer factors and

juvenile delinquency, revealing significant associations with intra-familial discord,

parental supervision, peer pressure, academic performance, and mental health

issues.

The present study (Saigal & Vaish, 2022) From a legal perspective,

climate change presents a major worldwide concern, driven by the rapidly

growing transportation industry. It is essential to promote an efficient and

sustainable transportation system. This study uses survey data from an urban

center in a developing country, together with a logit model of decision

probabilities and descriptive statistics. Examining the ways in which different

socio-economic factors impact the choice of sustainable modes of transportation,

as well as identifying differences in preference for sustainable modes of

transportation between men and women, working-age individuals, higher

educated individuals, socioeconomically privileged groups, and gender, is the

goal of this study. This study emphasizes how important it is to take into account

the various preferences of different socioeconomic groups when developing

transportation regulations in order to maintain integrity with goals of sustainability

and women's empowerment.

 This study (Hazra, 2021) uses data from 31 states and union territories

from 2009 to 2016 to examine the complicated relationship between economic

variables and crime rates, as well as the drivers of juvenile delinquency in India.

The study clarifies important findings by utilizing a two-step Generalized Method

of Moments (GMM) approach and a panel-corrected standard error model to

handle contemporaneous correlation, heteroskedasticity, and probable

endogeneity. Significant predictors of adolescent crime rates are macroeconomic

variables like the adult unemployment rate and Gross State Domestic Product

(GSDP) per capita. Juvenile delinquency is correlated with higher rates of

poverty and slum occupancy. Furthermore, spousal violence has a negative

effect on adolescent crime, according to the study. However, it has been

established that education deters juvenile-related crimes, even while deterrence

elements are absent. Novel outcomes emerge, in opposition to previous studies'

conclusions. Remarkably, the relationship between the rate of adolescent

criminality and adult unemployment is negative, which goes against popular

belief.

Furthermore, there is a strong correlation between the rate of adolescent

crime and the density of police. Additional information is provided by analyzing

the different kinds of crimes (violent and property). The GMM analysis presented

in the research does not support the hypothesis that juvenile delinquency has a

detrimental effect on economic growth. This study provides insightful information

for academics and policymakers trying to solve this urgent issue. It also

emphasizes how important it is to comprehend the complex dynamics of juvenile

delinquency, especially in the context of India. • In this research (Prajapati &

Singh, 2015) Juvenile delinquency affects the foundation of ethics, morals,

traditions, culture, and respect, making it a serious social concern. Rajasthan's

Kota is a centre for studying for competitive exams, with a large number of

students congregating there. The problem of juvenile delinquency is exacerbated

by the fact that many of these students engage in criminal and antisocial

activities in addition to their academic endeavours. The purpose of this essay is

to clarify the contributing variables and societal effects of juvenile delinquency.

Data were gathered through semi-structured interviews with psychologists,

doctors, police officers, and caregivers of borstals and rehabilitation institutions in

addition to the use of self-made checklists and questionnaires. Purposive

sampling was used to pick 100 people from each category, including

psychologists, police officers parents, and caretakers of borstals and hostels.

According to the study's findings, adolescent delinquent behaviours—such as

theft, forgery, destruction of school property, bullying,verbal abuse,

exhibitionism, involvement in illegal activities including drug trafficking, and

truancy—are common among this demographic.

Severe criminal acts, such as murder, prostitution, suicide, and rape, were

comparatively uncommon in the community under study. The study looks deeper

into the underlying causes of these juvenile delinquent behaviours. Purposive

sampling was used to pick 100 people from each category, including

psychologists, police officers, parents, and caretakers of borstals and hostels.

According to the study's findings, adolescent delinquent behaviours—such as

theft, forgery, destruction of school property, bullying, verbal abuse,

exhibitionism, involvement in illegal activities including drug trafficking, and

truancy—are common among this demographic. Severe criminal acts, such

as murder, prostitution, suicide, and rape, were comparatively uncommon in the

community under study. The study looks deeper into the underlying causes of

these juvenile delinquent behaviours.

Theoretical Framework

The three theories are the anomie theory, the subculture theory, and the

differential opportunity theory. Another theory about juvenile delinquency is the

subculture theory. In 1955, Albert Cohen developed the subculture theory, which

is a culmination of several of his theories. The subculture theory is much like it

sounds; juveniles that do not meet the social standards seek validation from a

subculture. The subculture group is formed of other juveniles who also do not

meet the social standards. These groups then act in manners that are not

socially acceptable and rebel against the socially acceptable standards.

According to Cohen, juvenile delinquency is a product of society. The

juveniles commit crimes, such as stealing, because it is not a social norm, and

they do it to fit in with their subculture. The differential opportunity theory does not

fully support Cohen’s theory that juveniles become delinquent when they do not

meet society’s standards. Differential opportunity theory, developed by Richard

Cloward and Lloyd Ohlin in1960, believes that opportunity plays a role in juvenile

delinquency.
This study guided by a conceptual lens to understand the Relationship among

Factors contributing to juvenile delinquency. According to the FBI, a juvenile is

anyone under the age of 18 regardless of how each individual state defines a

juvenile. A delinquent is an individual who fails to obey the laws. Juvenile

delinquency is defined as an individual under the age of 18 who fails to abide by

the laws. There are three common theories on juvenile delinquency.

Significance of the Study

The study focuses on finding out the contributory that cause and effects

of children to commit crimes in Barangay Lagao, in General Santos City,

Moreover, he results of the study will be beneficial with the following.

Definition of Terms

Juvenile Delinquency. As used in this study, this refers to the deviant acts of

children which deviates the standard norm of Barangay Lagao, General Santos

City.

Juvenile Delinquency Rates. As used in this study, this refers to recorded

cases of deviant’s acts by child in conflict with the law in selected Barangay in

General Santos City.

 Chapter 2

METHOD

This chapter discusses the research design, locale of the study,

Respondents and sampling used and statistical treatment of data.

Research Design

This research design outlines a structured approach to explore the

relationship between the cause and effects on contributing to juvenile

delinquency rates in Barangay Lagao, General Santos City using Pearson's

correlation coefficient.

Pearson correlation coefficient (r) is the most common way of measuring a

linear correlation. It is a number between –1 and 1 that measures the strength

and direction of the relationship between two variables. When one variable

changes, the other variable changes in the same direction.

Research Locale

The population of one hundred (100) juvenile delinquent in Barangay

Lagao, General Santos City. Random sampling, a method used to select a

representative subset of a larger population, was employed due to the focused

on juvenile delinquent respondents.

Figure 2: Philippines and Local Map
Population and Sample

The researcher will send a letter to Barangay Lagao, General Santos City

Police Station, asking a permission to conduct and gather information in their

area. The researcher will make the appropriate arrangements after consent has

been given. The respondents are randomly chosen through purposive sampling

method. 100 delinquent members from Barangay Lagao, General Santos City will

answered the prepared questionnaire. The researcher will write to the General

Santos City Police Station, and request permission to do study and gather data in

the areas. Once consent has been obtained, the researcher will make the

necessary arrangements. Purposive sampling is used to select responders at

random. The designed questionnaire will be completed by 100 delinquent

members.

Research Instrument

The researchers will make a self-administered questionnaire. It consists of

10 questions questionnaire consisting of 10 questions that characterize juvenile

delinquency cases in Barangay Lagao, General Santos City and their

implications for cause and effect. Professional validators will verify the questions.

This questionnaire of the study with the scale of 1 (Never) to 5 (Always) 5-point

Likert scale rated this item by the juvenile delinquents. The questions were

determined the extent of causes contributing to juvenile delinquency crime rates

in Barangay Lagao, General Santos City. Followed by questionnaire of the study

with the scale of 1 (Strongly Disagree) to 5 (Strongly Agree) 5-point Likert scale

rated this item by the juvenile delinquents. The questions were determined the
level of effects of juvenile delinquency crime rates in Barangay Lagao, General

Santos City.

Data Collection

The researcher will observe the following procedure in data gathering:

Asking permission to conduct the study. The researchers will write a letter to the

Barangay captain of Barangay Lagao to gather specific data’s and assures the

institutions that this data will be use purely in the study. Analysis and

interpretation of data. The researchers provided the respondents with a valid

survey questionnaire as soon as authorization was received. The researchers

have personally handled the questionnaires. Upon collection of the completed

questionnaires, the researchers will gather and analyzed the data gathered using

the appropriate statistical tools.

Statistic Tools

The statistical method used was the calculation of a weighted mean for

the data analysis carried out in this study.

Ethical Consideration

In conducting this study, the researchers will address ethics by obtaining

informed consent prior to the commencement of the interview. Furthermore,

credibility and objectivity will be preserved by having respondents proclaim their

full commitment and sincerity. Furthermore, target respondents will be treated

with respect and encouraged to share their feelings and emotions openly and

honestly. Furthermore, the information being collected is subject to the

researchers' protection. Also, the researchers of this study will guarantee the

respondents privacy as they will not be requested and forced to disclose any

information that concerns with their identity.

In addition to respecting the respondents range of values, researchers

should treat respondents with dignity and refrain from pressuring or forcing them

to do anything against their will. It is also expected of researchers make sure that

respondents are not distressed during the study. Additionally, the respondents

privacy is safeguarded by the researchers.

Pantolla, H. G., & Gonzaga, A. C. (2024). Exposure of the Population of Mindanao to
Combined Natural and Anthropogenic Environmental Stressors. Journal of
Multidisciplinary Applied Natural Science.
https://archive.aessweb.com/index.php/5004/article/view/2897
Tabrizi, J. S., Doshmangir, L., Khoshmaram, N., Shakibazadeh, E., Abdolahi, H. M., &
Khabiri, R. (2024). Key factors affecting health promoting behaviors among
adolescents: a scoping review. BMC Health Services Research, 24(1), 58.
https://www.scribd.com/document/583538553/A-Study-on-Factors-Underlying-
Juvenile-D
González-Moreira, A., Ferreira, C., & Vidal, J. (2024). A journey to primary education: A
systematic review of factors affecting the transition from early childhood
education to primary education. Preventing School Failure: Alternative Education
for Children and Youth,1-15. https://scholar.google.com/scholar?
hl=en&as_sdt=0%2C5&as_ylo=2024&q=A+Study+On+Factors+Underlying+Juve
nile+D&btnG=
Folorunsho, S., Abdulrazaq, O., & Ajayi, V. (2024). Juvenile Delinquency as a
Contemporary Issue in Nigeria: Understanding the Impacts of Parenting Styles,
Single Parenting, and Marital Discord. https://scholar.google.com/scholar?
hl=en&as_sdt=0%2C5&as_ylo=2024&q=A+Study+On+Factors+Underlying+Juve
nile+D&btnG=
Ang, M. T., Taclendo, C. S., & Robles, A. C. M. O. A Model Walkability Index for
Sustainable Urban Mobility of a Region: The Case of Soccsksargen-A
Transdisciplinary Research Approach. https://scholar.google.com/scholar?
as_ylo=2020&q=SOCIOECONOMIC+FACTORS+INFLUENCING+JUVENILE+D
ELINQUENCY+PATTERNS+IN+BARANGAY+LAGAO,
+GENERAL+SANTOS+CITY&hl=en&as_sdt=0,5
Rendaje, M. O. A., Rendaje Jr., L. V., Cariño, C. F., Pua, R. R., Salas Jr., A. C., & Villa,
E. B. (2024). Factors Affecting the Children in Conflict with The Law in
Soccsksargen, Philippines. International Journal of Multidisciplinary: Applied
Business and Education Research, 5(8), 3231-3246.
https://doi.org/10.11594/ijmaber.05.08.24
Atrey, I., & Singh, B. (2023). An Analysis of Juvenile Delinquency in Rajasthan: Risk
Factors and Protective Factor. Journal of Research Administration-SRA
International, 5(2). https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?
abstract_id=4638287
Jonathan, O. E., Olusola, A. J., Bernadin, T. C. A., & Inoussa, T. M. (2021). Impacts of
crime on socio-economic development. Mediterranean Journal of Social
Sciences, 12(5), 71.
https://archive.aessweb.com/index.php/5004/article/view/2897
Aazami, A., Valek, R., Ponce, A. N., & Zare, H. (2023). Risk and protective factors and
interventions for reducing juvenile delinquency: A systematic review. Social
Sciences, 12(9), 474. https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0760/12/9/474
August 2024International Journal of Multidisciplinary Applied Business and
Education Research 5(8):3231-3246
DOI:10.11594/ijmaber.05.08.24