04_Piping and Instrument Diagram
04_Piping and Instrument Diagram
04_Piping and Instrument Diagram
The piping and Instrument Diagram (P&ID) provides a schematic representation of the
piping, process control, and instrumentation which shows the functional relationships
among the system components. The P&ID also provides important information needed
by the constructor and manufacturer to develop the other construction input documents
(the isometric drawings or orthographic physical layout drawings).
The P&ID provides direct input to the field for the physical design and installation of field-
run piping. For clarity, it is usual practice to use the same general layout of flow paths on
the P&ID as used on the system flow diagram.
The P&ID ties together the system description, the system flow diagram, the electric
control schematic, and the control logic diagram. It accomplishes this by showing all the
piping, equipment, principal instruments, instrument loops, and control interlocks.
The P&ID contains a minimum amount of text in the form of notes (the system
descriptions minimize the need for text on the P&ID). The first P&ID in the set for the job
should contain a legend defining all symbols used; if certain symbols are defined
elsewhere, it may be appropriate to only reference their source. The P&IDs are also
used by the start-up organizations for preparing flushing, testing, and blowout
procedures for the piping system and by the plant operators to operate the system. The
correctness and completeness of the SD, SFD, and P&ID drawings are crucial to the
success of the start-up program.
Mechanical equipment
All Valves associated with the process piping
Process pipes
Vents and drains
Special fittings
Sampling lines
Permanent start-up and flushing lines
Instrument designations
Equipment names and numbers
Pipeline identification
Valve identification