50 Terms of Quality Engineering

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terms of
Quality
Engineering
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Quality Assurance (QA): The systematic process of ensuring
that a product or service meets specified requirements and
standards.
Quality Control (QC): The set of processes and activities
used to verify and maintain the quality of a product or
service.
Six Sigma: A data-driven methodology for process
improvement, aiming to reduce defects and variation.
ISO 9001: An international standard for quality
management systems, providing a framework for
organizations to meet customer and regulatory
requirements.
Statistical Process Control (SPC): Using statistical methods
to monitor and control processes to ensure consistent
product quality.
Root Cause Analysis (RCA): Identifying and addressing the
underlying causes of problems to prevent recurrence.
Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA): A systematic
method for evaluating processes to identify where and how
they might fail and assess the relative impact of different
failures.
Capability Maturity Model Integration (CMMI): A
framework for process improvement that provides
organizations with the essential elements of effective
processes.
Continuous Improvement: The ongoing effort to improve
products, services, or processes incrementally over time.
Validation: Confirming that a system or component
complies with specified requirements.
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Verification: The process of evaluating a system or
component during or at the end of the development
process to determine whether it satisfies the specified
requirements.
Control Charts: Graphical tools used in quality control to
monitor and control processes over time.
Quality Management System (QMS): A set of policies,
processes, and procedures required for planning and
execution in the core business area of an organization.
Kaizen: A Japanese term for continuous improvement,
involving all employees in the improvement process.
TQM (Total Quality Management): An approach that
seeks to improve quality and performance throughout the
organization.
Supplier Quality Management: Ensuring that suppliers
provide high-quality inputs and materials.
Gage R&R (Repeatability and Reproducibility):
Evaluating the consistency and accuracy of measurement
systems.
Lean Manufacturing: A production practice that
considers the expenditure of resources in any aspect
other than the direct consumption of materials as
wasteful.
Benchmarking: Comparing organizational processes and
performance metrics to industry best practices.
Design for Six Sigma (DFSS): A methodology used to
design and redesign processes, products, and services
with a focus on achieving Six Sigma levels of
performance.
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Poka-Yoke: A Japanese term for mistake-proofing
or error prevention.
Process Mapping: A visual representation of a
process, showing the steps, inputs, and outputs.
Quality Function Deployment (QFD): A systematic
method for translating customer requirements into
engineering characteristics.
Risk Management: Identifying, assessing, and
mitigating potential risks that could impact product
quality.
Non-Destructive Testing (NDT): Inspection
techniques used to evaluate the properties of a
material, component, or system without causing
damage.
Corrective Action: Taking steps to eliminate the
causes of nonconformities or other undesirable
situations.
Preventive Action: Proactively addressing potential
issues to prevent them from occurring.
Master Validation Plan (MVP): A document that
outlines the overall approach to validation within an
organization.
Process Capability Index (Cp, Cpk): Measures the
ability of a process to produce output within
specification limits.
Quality Metrics: Quantitative measures used to
assess the quality of a product, process, or system.
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Quality Circle: A group of employees who voluntarily
meet regularly to identify, analyze, and solve work-
related problems.
Cost of Quality (COQ): The total cost incurred by an
organization to prevent, detect, and deal with
defects.
First Article Inspection (FAI): A comprehensive
verification of a supplier's product to ensure it meets
specified requirements.
Black Box Testing: Testing a system without
knowledge of its internal workings, focusing on the
outputs based on various inputs.
White Box Testing: Examining the internal structures
of a system or component.
Quality Function Deployment (QFD): A structured
approach to defining customer needs and translating
them into specific plans to produce products to meet
those needs.
Quality Policy: A documented commitment to quality
that outlines an organization's approach and goals.
Standard Operating Procedure (SOP): Detailed
written instructions to achieve uniformity of
performance.
Metrology: The science of measurement, including
measurement methods and systems.
Quality Audit: A systematic examination of a quality
system to ensure compliance with defined standards.
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Reliability Engineering: Ensuring the dependability
and performance of systems over time.
Zero Defects: A philosophy that aims for perfect
products and processes, with no defects or errors.
Concurrent Engineering: Involving multiple disciplines
early in the design phase to improve product
development and time-to-market.
Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP): A system for
ensuring that products are consistently produced and
controlled according to quality standards.
Quality Cost Analysis: Evaluating the costs associated
with achieving and maintaining product or service
quality.
Sampling Plan: A detailed outline of the procedures for
selecting a sample from a population for inspection.
Process Improvement: Making changes to a process
to improve efficiency, reduce defects, and enhance
overall performance.
Quality Culture: An organizational culture that
prioritizes and values quality in all aspects of
operations.
Document Control: Managing the creation, review,
approval, distribution, and maintenance of documents.
Quality Management Software (QMS): Computerized
systems designed to manage and track all aspects of
quality within an organization.

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