Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • 1 views

    Seed and germination notes

    Uploaded by

    vedanshisingh674

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Seed and germination notes

    Uploaded by

    vedanshisingh674
    1 views2 pages

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    1 views2 pages

    Seed and germination notes

    Uploaded by

    vedanshisingh674

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    You are on page 1of 2

    What is the Seed?

    A seed is a basic part of any plant. The ovules after fertilization, develop into seeds. A seed is
    made up of a seed coat and an embryo. The embryo is made up of a radicle, plumule and one
    (wheat, maize) or two cotyledons (gram and pea). A seed is found inside a fruit which converts
    into a new plant when we plant it. Hence, the seed is the most important part.

    Structure of a seed

    Seed coat: This is the outermost covering of a seed. The seed coat has two layers, the
    outer testa and the inner tegmen.

    Embryo: It consists of an embryonal axis and cotyledons.

    Cotyledons: These are often fleshy and full of reserve food materials.

    Endosperm: In some seeds such as castor, the endosperm formed as a after fertilisation, is
    a food storing tissue. In plants such as bean, gram and pea, the endosperm is not present in
    the matured seed. They are known as non-endospermous

    Germination

    Germination can be defined as the growth of a seed into a young plant or a seedling.
    Or

    Seed germination may be defined as the fundamental process by which different plant
    species grow from a single seed into a plant. This process influences both crop yield and
    quality.

    The Process of Seed Germination


    The complete process of seed germination is carried out in the following steps:

    • During the beginning stage of germination, the seeds take up water rapidly and this
    results in swelling and softening of the seed coat at an optimum temperature. This
    stage is referred to as Imbibition. It starts the growth process by activation of
    enzymes.
    • By rupturing of the seed coat, radicle emerges to form a primary root. The seed
    starts absorbing underground water. After the emerging of the radicle and the
    plumule, shoot starts growing upwards.
    • In the final stage of seed germination, the cell of the seeds become metabolically
    active, elongates and divides to give rise to the seedling.

    Here are some important requirements which are essential for a seed to
    germinate into a seedling and to a plant.

    Oxygen: It is an important and essential source of energy required for seed growth.
    It is required by the germinating seed for metabolism and is used as a part of aerobic
    respiration until it manages to grow green leaves of its own. Oxygen can be found in
    the pores of soil particles, but if the seed is buried too deep it will be deprived of
    this oxygen.

    Temperature/ Warmth- For a seed to germinate, it requires a moderate


    temperature of around 25-30°C. Quite obviously different seeds require different
    optimum temperatures.

    Light – Some seeds require it to trigger the seed germination but in common most
    seed start to germinate without light until the first leaf emerges.

    You might also like