thyssenkrupp Materials (UK) Ltd

Stainless Steel 1.4541 Material Data Sheet

This data sheet applies for hot and cold rolled sheet and strip, semi-finished products, bars, rolled wire and profiles as well as seamless and welded
tubes for pressure purposes.

Application
Instruments and construction parts in the food industry, luxury food, film and photo industry as well as for articles of daily use in the household,
power station construction. Due to the Ti-alloy, the resistance to intergranular corrosion is also guaranteed in the welded condition.

Chemical Composition (heat analysis in %)

Product Form C Si Mn P S N Cr Ni Ti
C, H, P ≤ 0.08 ≤ 1.00 ≤ 2.00 ≤ 0.045 ≤ 0.015 1)
- 17.00 - 19.00 9.00 - 12.00 5xC bis 0.70
L ≤ 0.08 ≤ 1.00 ≤ 2.00 ≤ 0.045 ≤ 0.030 1)
- 17.00 - 19.00 9.00 - 12.00 2)
5xC bis 0.70
Tw ≤ 0.08 ≤1.00 ≤ 2.00 ≤ 0.0453) ≤ 0.0153) - 17.00 - 19.00 9.00 - 12.00 5xC bis 0.70
Ts ≤ 0.08 ≤ 1.00 ≤ 2.00 ≤ 0.040 ≤ 0.0151) - 17.00 - 19.00 9.00 - 12.002) 5xC bis 0.70

C = cold-rolled strip H = hot-rolled strip P = hot rolled sheet L= semi-finished products, bars, rolled wire and profiles Tw= welded tubes
TS= seemless tubes

1)
A regulated sulphur content of 0.015 - 0.030 % has to be agreed for products, which have to be processed.
2)
If it should be necessary to minimise the content of the delta ferrite, the maximum content of nickel can be raised by 1%.
3)
For tubes, which are welded without filler metals, P + S 0.040 % max.

Mechanical Properties (at room temperature in annealed condition)

Impact Energy
Yield Strength Tensile Strength Elongation min. in % (ISO-V)
≥ 10mm thick
Thickness
Product Form
mm max. A1) A1)
0.2% 1% Jmin Jmin
Rm N/mm2 %min %min
Rp0.2 N/mm2 Rp1.0 N/mm2 (longitudinal) (transverse)
(longitudinal) (transverse)

C 8 2203) 2203) 520 - 7203) - 40 - -

H 13.5 2003) 2403) 520 - 7203) - 40 100 60
P 75 2003) 2403) 500 - 7003) - 40 100 60
L 160 190 4)
225 4)
500 - 7004) 40 - 100 -
L 250 2)
190 7)
225 7)
500 - 700 7)
- 30 - 60
Tw 60 1805) 2155) 460 - 6805) 35 30 100 60
TS 60 1805) 2155) 460 - 6805) 35 30 100 60

1)
Gauge length and thickness according to DIN EN
2)
> 160mm
3)
Transverse test piece, with product widths < 300mm long. test piece
4)
Longitudinal test piece
5)
Longitudinal test piece, external diameter > 508mm trans. test piece
6)
Hot Manufactured
7)
Transverse test piece
8)
at Rt and at -196°C

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Stainless Steel 1.4541 Material Data Sheet

Reference data on some physical properties

Modulus of Elasticity kN/mm2 at Specific Electrical

Density at 20°C Thermal Conductivity at Specific Thermal
Resistivity at 20°C Ω
kg/dm3 20°C 200°C 400°C 500°C 20°C W/m K Capacity at 20°C J/kg K
mm2/m
7.9 200 186 172 165 15 500 0.73

Mean coefficient of thermal expansion 10-6 K-1 between 20°C and

100°C 200°C 300°C 400°C 500°C
16.0 16.5 17.0 17.5 18.0

Guidelines on the temperature for hot forming and heat treatment1)

Hot Forming Heat Treatment

Temperature °C Type of Cooling Temperature °C 2)3)4)
Type of Cooling Microstructure
Austenite with very few shares
1150 to 850 Air 1000 to 1100 Water, air
of ferrite

1)
For simulative heat treatment test pieces the temperatures for solution annealing have to be agreed.
2)
Solution annealing is applicable if the conditions for the hot forming and the concluding cooling are in such a way that the requirements for the
mechanical properties of the product can be maintained.
3)
If heat treatment is carried out in a continuous annealing furnace, usually the upper area of the mentioned temperature range is preferred or even
exceeded.
4)
For heat treatment within subsequent processing, the lower area of the stated temperature range for solution annealing has to be aspired has to
be aspired, as otherwise the mechanical properties could be affected. If the lower limit for the solution annealing temperature was not undercut
during hot forming, while repeating annealing a temperature of 980°C as the lower limit is sufficient.

Processing / Welding
Standard welding processes for this steel grade are:
▪▪ TIG-Welding
▪▪ MAG-Welding Solid Wire
▪▪ Arc Welding (E)
▪▪ Submerged Arc Welding (SAW)
▪▪ Laser Beam Welding

Filler Metal
Process
Similar Higher Alloyed
Thermanit H - 347 1.4551
TIG Thermanit A 1.4576
Thermanit JE - 308L 1.4551
Thermanit H Si 1.4551
MAG Solid Wire Thermanit A Si 1.4576
Thermanit JE - 308L Si 1.4551
Thermanit JE Sepcial 1.4551
Thermanit A Special 1.4576
Arc Welding (E) Thermanit HW 1.4551
Thermanit AW 1.4576
Thermanite HE Special 1.4551

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Stainless Steel 1.4541 Material Data Sheet

Wire Powder Wire Powder

Marathon 431
SAW Thermanit H-347
Marathon 213 Marathon 431
Thermanit A Special
Marathon 431 Marathon 213
Thermanit JE-308L
Marathon 213
Laser Beam Welding See Page 3

When choosing the filler metal, the corrosion stress has to be regarded, as well. The use of a higher alloyed filler metal can be necessary due to the
cast structure of the weld metal.
A preheating is not necessary for this steel. A heat treatment after welding is normally not usual.
Austenitic steels only have 30% of the thermal conductivity of non-alloyed steels. Their fusion point is lower than that of non-alloyed steel therefore
austenitic steels have to be welded with lower heat input than non-alloyed steels. To avoid overheating or burn-through of thinner sheets, higher
welding speed has to be applied. Copper back-up plates for faster heat rejection are functional, whereas to avoid cracks in the solder metal, it is not
allowed to surface-fuse the copper back up plate.
This steel has an extensively higher coefficient of thermal expansion as non-alloyed steel. In connection with a worse thermal conductivity, a greater
distortion has to be expected.
When welding 1.4541 all procedures, which work against this distortion (e.g. back step sequence welding, welding alternatively on opposite
sides with double-V butt weld, assignment of two welders when the components are accordingly large) have to be respected notbaly. For product
thicknesses over 12mm the double-V butt weld has to be preferred instead of the single-V butt weld. The included angle should be 60° - 70°, when
using MIG-welding about 50° are enough. An accumulation of weld seams should be avoided. tack welds have to be affixed with relatively shorter
distances from each other (significantly shorter than those of non-alloyed steels), in order to prevent strong deformation, shrinking or flaking tack
weld. The tacks should be subsequently grinded or at least be free from crater cracks.
1.4541 in connection with austenitic weld metal and too high heat input the addiction to form heat cracks exists. The addiction to heat cracks can
be confined, if the weld metal features a lower content of ferrite (delta ferrite). Contents of ferrite up to 10% have a favourable effect and do not
affect the corrosion resistance generally. The thinnest layer as possible have to be welded (stringer bead technique) becaues a higher cooling
speed decreases the addiction to hot cracks.
A preferably fast cooling has to be aspired while welding as well, to avoid the vulnerability to intergranular corrosion and embrittlement.
1.4541 is very suitbale for laser beam welding (weldability A in accordance with DVS bulletin 3203, part 3). With a welding groove width smaller
than 0.3mm respectively, 0.1mm product thickness, the use of filler metals is not necessary. With larger welding grooves a similar filler metal can
be used. With avoiding oxidation within the seam surface during laser bean welding by applicable backhand welding, e.g. helium as inert gas, the
welding seam is as corrosion resistant as the base metal. A hot crack hazard for the welding seam does not exist, when choosing an applicable
process.
1.4541 is also suitable for laser beam fusion cutting with nitrogen or flame cutting with oxygen. The cut edges only have small heat affected zones
and are generally free of micro cracks and thus are well formable. While choosing an applicable process the fusion cut edges can be converted
directly. Especially, they can be welded without any further preparation.
While processing only stainless tools like steel brushes, pneumatic picks and so on are allowed, in order to not endanger the passivation.
It should be neglected to mark within the welding seam zone with oleigerous bolts or temperature indicating crayons.
The high corrosions resistance of this stainless steel is based on the formation of a homogeneous, compact passive layer on the surface. Annealing
colours, scales, slag residues, tramp iron, spatters and such like have to be removed, in order to not destroy the passive layer.
For cleaning the surface the processes brushing, grinding, pickling or blasting (iron-free silica sand or glass spheres) can be applied. For brushing
only stainless steel brushes can be used. Pickling of the previously brushed seam area is carried out by dipping and spraying, however, often
pickling pastes or solutions are used. After pcikling a careful flushing with water has to be done.

Remark
In quenched condition the material can be slightly magnetizable. With increasing cold forming the magnetizability increases.

Editor
thyssenkrupp Materials (UK) Ltd
Cox’s Lane
Cradley Heath
West Midlands
B64 5QU

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Stainless Steel 1.4541 Material Data Sheet

Important Note
Information given in this data sheet about the condition or usability of materials respectively products are no warranty for their properties, but act as
a description.
The information, we give on for advice, comply to the experiences of the manufacturer as well as our own. We cannot give warranty for the results
of processing and application of the products.

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