A PROJECT REPORT

ON
“Poverty”
For ALS Project
English Core (301)
By
Purthiraj Bhol
Class XII
Science
(2024-25)

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 CERTIFICATE OF COMPLETION

This is to certify that the Project Report title “

poverty ”, English Core(301), is a bonafide work
carried out by Purthiraj Bhol of class XII(Science)
of Vivekananda Vision senior secondary
school(CBSE), katchur, for fulfillment of the ALS
Project Work.

Guide Teacher Principal

(Sri. E. Parthiban) (Smt. E. Revathy)

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 I would like to express my sincere gratitude to
everyone who has contributed to the completion of
this project: [poverty].

First and foremost, I want to thank my teacher

respected Mr. E. Parthiban MA., M.ED., for his
continuous guidance, encouragement, and expertise.
I am grateful for the knowledge and skills I have
gained under his mentorship.
I want to thank my school principal madam
honorable
Mrs. E. Revathy.,MA.,M.Phil.,B.Ed., for giving me
this golden opportunity to working on this project.
I would also like to extend my gratitude to my
classmates who have been actively involved in this
project.

I am grateful to my parents for their unwavering

support and belief in my abilities.

I would also like to acknowledge the assistance

provided by the school administration and staff.
Their co-operation and provision of resources have
greatly contributed to the successful execution of
this project.

Lastly, I am deeply grateful for the collective

efforts and support of everyone involved in this
school project. Thank you all for your valuable
contributions and for making this project a fulfilling
and enriching experience

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POVERTY

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S.no Topics Page
no

1 OBJECTIVE 6

2 DRIVING QUESTION 7

3 INTRODUCTION 8

4 TYPES OF POVERTY 10

5 POVERTY IN WORLD & 14

INDIA

6 CAUSES OF POVERTY 19

7 PIE-CHART 21

8 REFLECTION 23

9 INTERVIEW 24

10 CONCLUSION 27

11 BIBLIOGRAPHY 28

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 OBJECTIVE
• The objective of this poverty project is to address the
systemic issues that perpetuate poverty by
implementing sustainable and community-centered
solutions. We aim to reduce poverty rates through
targeted interventions in education, healthcare,
employment, and housing, recognizing these as key
areas that influence an individual’s economic
stability and overall quality of life. This project seeks
to empower individuals by providing them with
access to resources, training, and opportunities that
foster self-sufficiency and resilience.

• Through partnerships with local organizations,

government agencies, and community leaders, we
will develop programs tailored to the unique needs of
each community, ensuring that solutions are both
effective and culturally appropriate. We will measure
success by tracking improvements in key indicators
such as employment rates, school attendance,
healthcare access, and housing stability. By
addressing poverty in a holistic manner, this project
aspires to not only alleviate immediate needs but
also break the cycle of poverty for future
generations. The ultimate goal is to create a
framework that can be adapted and scaled,
contributing to long-term socioeconomic progress
and a more equitable society.

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 DRIVING QUESTION
1. What are the primary factors contributing to poverty
in the targeted community, and how can we address
them?
2. How can we effectively engage community members
in identifying their needs and priorities related to
poverty alleviation?
3. What educational programs or resources can we
implement to improve literacy and job skills among
impoverished populations?
4. How can we enhance access to affordable healthcare
services for low-income individuals and families?
5. What strategies can be developed to promote
sustainable employment opportunities and economic
growth within the community?
6. How can we ensure access to affordable housing for
those living in poverty, and what policies can
support this initiative?
7. What role can local businesses play in supporting
poverty alleviation efforts, and how can we foster
partnerships?
8. How can we measure the effectiveness of our
interventions in reducing poverty and improving
overall community well-being?
9. What barriers exist that prevent individuals from
accessing available resources and support systems,
and how can we overcome them?
10.How can we advocate for systemic change at the
policy level to address the root causes of poverty in our
community?

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 INTRODUCTION

Poverty remains one of the most pressing global

challenges, affecting over 700 million people worldwide
who live on less than $1.90 a day, the international
poverty line defined by the World Bank. This stark reality
underscores the urgent need for concerted efforts to
address the root causes of poverty and implement
sustainable solutions. The Poverty Project aims to
illuminate the complexities surrounding poverty,
focusing not only on its economic dimensions but also on
its social, cultural, and environmental implications.
At its core, the Poverty Project seeks to understand the
multifaceted nature of poverty, which is often
characterized by a lack of access to basic human needs
such as food, clean water, education, healthcare, and
secure housing. These elements are interlinked, creating
a cycle that is difficult to break. For instance, inadequate
education limits job opportunities, while poor health can
prevent individuals from working, perpetuating a cycle of
deprivation.
The project will explore various dimensions of poverty,
including absolute and relative poverty, and the factors
that contribute to its persistence. Economic disparities,
systemic inequalities, and social exclusion are significant
contributors that must be addressed. Furthermore, the
project will examine the impact of global crises, such as
climate change and pandemics, which disproportionately
affect the most vulnerable populations and exacerbate
existing inequalities.
Through research, community engagement, and
advocacy, the Poverty Project aims to develop actionable

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strategies that empower individuals and communities to
lift themselves out of poverty. This includes promoting
access to quality education, healthcare, and economic
opportunities, as well as fostering social safety nets that

protect the most vulnerable.

Ultimately, the Poverty Project aspires to raise awareness
and mobilize resources to combat poverty effectively. By
bringing together stakeholders from various sectors—
governments, non-profits, and local communities—we
can work collaboratively towards innovative solutions
that create lasting change. Together, we can strive for a
world where poverty is not an inevitable fate but a
challenge we can overcome, ensuring a brighter future
for all.

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 TYPES OF POVERTYS
Project poverty can manifest in several ways, affecting
the overall success and sustainability of initiatives. Here
are the primary types:

• Financial Poverty: Insufficient funding can lead to

project delays, scope reduction, or complete failure.
Budget constraints often hinder necessary
expenditures.
• Technical Poverty: A lack of access to modern
technology or expertise can compromise project
quality and innovation, resulting in suboptimal
outcomes.
• Human Resource Poverty: Insufficient skilled
personnel limits the project’s capacity to meet
objectives. This often leads to overworked staff and
lower morale.
• Time Poverty: Tight deadlines can pressure teams,
resulting in rushed work and increased error rates.
Poor time management exacerbates this issue.
• Material Poverty: Lack of essential materials or
resources can stall progress, leading to delays and
inefficiencies.
• Knowledge Poverty: Insufficient research or
information can result in poor decision-making,
misaligned objectives, and ineffective strategies.
• Network Poverty: Limited connections or
partnerships restrict collaboration opportunities
and access to vital support or resources.
• Infrastructure Poverty: Inadequate infrastructure
can hinder logistics and operational efficiency,
particularly in remote or underdeveloped areas.

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 CATEGORIES OF POVERTY

• CHURNING POOR
• TRANSIENT POOR
• NON POOR

POVERTY LINE

The "poverty line" is a threshold that determines the

minimum income level required to meet basic needs such
as food, shelter, and clothing. People living below this
line often struggle to access these essentials, marking
them as "living in poverty." The poverty line varies by
country and takes into account the cost of living in
specific regions. In many countries, it’s determined by
government agencies and adjusted periodically based on
inflation and economic changes.

A poverty project typically refers to initiatives or programs

designed to reduce poverty and improve the quality of life
for low-income individuals and families. These projects
often address issues like:

1. Access to Education and Skills Training - to

improve employability and income opportunities.

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 2. Healthcare Services - to ensure basic health and
reduce the burden of healthcare costs on low-income
households.
3. Job Creation and Economic Development - to
provide sustainable income sources.
4. Social Support Systems - to provide food, shelter,
and other immediate assistance.
5. Affordable Housing and Basic Services - to ensure
living conditions are safe and adequate.

Projects might be led by government agencies,

nonprofits, or international organizations like the UN and
World Bank, and often involve both financial aid and skill
development to empower individuals to become self-
sufficient.

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 POVERTY IN WORLD
Poverty is a global issue, affecting billions of people
across developed and developing countries. It is
characterized by a lack of access to basic needs like
nutritious food, clean water, healthcare, education, and
shelter. Factors contributing to global poverty include
unemployment, limited access to education, economic
inequality, environmental disasters, and political
instability. While poverty has decreased in many regions
over recent decades, severe poverty still affects many,
particularly in areas of Sub-Saharan Africa and South
Asia.
A poverty project is a focused initiative or program aimed
at alleviating or eradicating poverty, and often includes:

1. Education and Skill Development – Providing

access to education, vocational training, and life
skills to increase income opportunities.
2. Healthcare and Sanitation – Ensuring basic
healthcare access and improving sanitation to
reduce disease and health costs.
3. Economic Empowerment – Supporting small
businesses, job creation, and micro-financing to
promote self-sufficiency.
4. Social Protection and Financial Assistance –
Offering temporary support through food programs,
housing aid, and cash transfers.
5. Policy Advocacy – Working with governments to
establish fair wages, tax reforms, and economic
policies that prioritize the poor.

These projects are often carried out by governments,

NGOs, and international organizations like the United
Nations, the World Bank, and local grassroots
organizations.

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 POVERTY IN INDIA
Poverty in India is a significant issue, with millions still
struggling to meet basic needs such as food, healthcare,
education, and housing. Although India has made
remarkable progress in reducing poverty, with rapid
economic growth lifting millions out of extreme poverty in
recent decades, many remain vulnerable. Factors such
as high population density, regional inequalities,
unemployment, agricultural dependency, and insufficient
infrastructure contribute to the persistence of poverty,
especially in rural areas and among marginalized
communities.

A poverty project in India generally aims to reduce

poverty through targeted initiatives, which often include:

1. Education and Skill Development – Programs to

improve literacy, offer vocational training, and
provide scholarships to empower youth and increase
employability.
2. Rural Development – Efforts to improve
agricultural productivity, promote sustainable
farming practices, and provide better irrigation and
market access.
3. Health and Sanitation – Initiatives to improve
healthcare access, provide clean drinking water, and
promote sanitation, especially in rural regions.
4. Employment and Financial Inclusion – Projects
like the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural
Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA), which
provide guaranteed work days, along with
microfinance programs to support small businesses.
5. Social Protection and Subsidies – Programs such
as the Public Distribution System (PDS) that provide
food grains at subsidized rates, and direct cash
transfers to support low-income families.

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Such projects in India are carried out by a combination
of government agencies, NGOs, and international
organizations, aiming to create a more inclusive and
equitable society.

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 EFFECT ON POVERTY

The effect of poverty extends across multiple

dimensions, impacting individuals, communities, and
countries in complex ways. People living in poverty often
face limited access to essential resources like food, clean
water, education, and healthcare, leading to
malnutrition, illness, and lower life expectancy. Poverty
also restricts educational and job opportunities, creating
cycles of limited income and reinforcing generational
poverty. At the community level, poverty can contribute
to higher crime rates, social exclusion, and slower
economic growth. On a national scale, poverty often
hampers productivity and limits overall development.

A poverty project aims to break these cycles by

addressing key causes and effects of poverty through
initiatives such as:

1. Access to Quality Education – Providing schooling,

literacy programs, and vocational training to open
pathways to better jobs and income stability.
2. Healthcare and Nutrition – Ensuring access to
medical care and healthy food to reduce health costs
and improve wellbeing.
3. Economic Opportunities – Offering skills training,
job placements, and support for small businesses to
increase income and self-sufficiency.
4. Housing and Basic Needs – Providing affordable
housing and safe drinking water to improve living
conditions and reduce costs.
5. Policy Advocacy and Social Support – Working
with governments to ensure social safety nets,
subsidies, and fair wages for vulnerable populations.

Poverty projects are conducted by governments,

international organizations, and nonprofits, aiming to
reduce poverty’s impact and ultimately create

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sustainable, long-term solutions for individuals and
communities.

CAUSES OF POVERTY

The causes of poverty are diverse and interconnected,

often varying by region and economic structure. Key
causes include:

1. Unemployment and Low Wages – Limited job

opportunities and inadequate wages make it hard
for people to meet basic needs.
2. Lack of Education – Without education, people
have fewer skills and job prospects, which limits
their income potential.
3. Economic Inequality – Wealth disparity within
societies can restrict opportunities for marginalized
groups.
4. Political Instability and Corruption – These can
disrupt economies, limit social programs, and
restrict access to resources.
5. Poor Infrastructure – Inadequate roads, healthcare,
and educational facilities reduce opportunities for
growth, especially in rural areas.
6. Environmental Factors – Natural disasters,
droughts, and climate change can devastate
resources, leading to poverty, especially in
agriculture-dependent areas.
A poverty project aims to address these causes by
implementing focused programs, such as:

1. Job Creation and Skills Training – Initiatives that

offer vocational training and encourage small
businesses to boost employment.

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 2. Educational Access – Programs to improve
schooling and adult literacy, giving people tools for
better-paying jobs.
3. Economic and Social Inclusion – Ensuring access
to finance, healthcare, and welfare programs for
marginalized communities.
4. Infrastructure Development – Building roads,
schools, hospitals, and other facilities, especially in
underdeveloped areas.
5. Climate and Resource Management – Helping
communities manage resources sustainably and
protect against environmental risks.

These projects are often managed by governments,

NGOs, and international organizations, with the goal of
providing long-term, sustainable support for individuals
and communities in need.

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 PIE- CHART
• A poverty pie chart visually represents the
distribution of global poverty across different regions

or countries. Each slice indicates the proportion of

people living below the poverty line in specific areas,
such as Sub-Saharan Africa, South Asia, and Latin
America. The size of each slice reflects the
percentage of the total global population
experiencing poverty, helping to identify regions
most affected.
• Colors differentiate the regions, making it easy to see
which areas have higher poverty levels. Larger slices
highlight hotspots of poverty, indicating where
targeted interventions are needed. By comparing the
sizes of these slices, one can assess progress in
poverty reduction efforts over time. Overall, the pie
chart serves as a powerful tool for policymakers and
researchers to understand and address global
poverty effectively.

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• A poverty pie chart for India illustrates the
distribution of poverty among various states or
demographic groups within the country. Each slice
represents the percentage of the population living
below the poverty line in specific states, such as
Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, and Maharashtra. The size of
each slice reflects the proportion of poor individuals
relative to the total population of India.

• Different colors are used to distinguish between

states, highlighting areas with higher poverty rates.
Larger slices indicate regions that require more
focused attention and resources for poverty
alleviation. Additionally, the chart may show trends
over time, allowing for an assessment of the
effectiveness of government policies and social
programs aimed at reducing poverty. Overall, this
pie chart serves as a crucial tool for understanding
the complexities of poverty in India and guiding
targeted interventions.

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REFLECTION

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 INTERVIEW

1. How do you define poverty, and what are the key indicators
you believe best measure it?
Answer:
Poverty is the lack of access to essential resources and
opportunities, preventing individuals from meeting basic
needs like food, shelter, and healthcare. Key indicators
include income levels, education, health access, housing
quality, and social exclusion.

2. What personal experiences or observations have shaped

your understanding of poverty?
Answer:
Growing up in a community with visible economic disparity,
I witnessed how lack of access to education, healthcare, and
stable housing perpetuates hardship, shaping my
understanding of poverty as a complex, multifaceted issue.

3. In your opinion, what are the primary causes of poverty in

our society today?
Answer:
The primary causes of poverty include systemic inequality,
lack of access to quality education, inadequate healthcare,
unemployment, and discrimination. Economic structures
often perpetuate wealth gaps, leaving marginalized groups
with limited opportunities.

4. How do systemic issues, such as education and healthcare,

contribute to the cycle of poverty?
Answer:
Systemic issues like poor education and inadequate
healthcare limit opportunities for upward mobility, trapping
individuals in low-wage jobs. Without proper resources, they
face persistent barriers that reinforce intergenerational
poverty.

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5. What role do government policies play in addressing or
perpetuating poverty?
Answer:
Government policies can either alleviate or exacerbate
poverty. Effective social safety nets, healthcare access, and
educational programs reduce inequality, while regressive
policies or insufficient support often deepen economic
disparity and marginalization.

6. Can you discuss the impact of poverty on mental health and

community well-being?
Answer:
Poverty exacerbates stress, anxiety, and depression due to
financial insecurity, limited access to healthcare, and social
isolation. It erodes community well-being, fostering division,
mistrust, and reduced social cohesion, hindering collective
resilience.

7. What strategies or programs have you seen that effectively

help lift individuals and families out of poverty?
Answer:
Successful strategies include job training, access to
affordable healthcare, education scholarships, and
affordable housing initiatives. Programs that offer financial
literacy, child care support, and skills development
empower individuals to achieve long-term stability.

8. How can communities better support those experiencing

poverty?
Answer:
Communities can offer support through local resource
networks, affordable housing, mentorship programs,
accessible healthcare, and inclusive education, fostering
solidarity and empowering individuals to break the poverty
cycle.

9. What misconceptions about poverty do you think need to be

addressed in public discourse?
Answer:
A common misconception is that poverty results from
personal failure. In reality, systemic issues like inequality,
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 lack of opportunities, and structural barriers play
significant roles in perpetuating poverty.

10. Looking ahead, what changes do you believe are

necessary to reduce poverty in the future?
Answer:
To reduce poverty, we need systemic reforms in education,
healthcare, and economic policies, alongside equitable
access to opportunities, fair wages, and strong social safety
nets for all.

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 Interviewee

Name: S.Arnold

DOB:24/10/2008

Age:16

Phone:9025309093

Email: arnoldsarnold245@gamil.com

Date of interview: 1/11/2024

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 CONCLUSION

• In conclusion, poverty is a deeply entrenched issue

that affects individuals and societies worldwide,
impacting access to basic needs, quality education,
healthcare, and economic opportunities. This project
has examined poverty's root causes, including
systemic inequality, lack of access to resources, and
limited social support, highlighting how these
factors contribute to persistent poverty cycles.
Addressing poverty requires a multi-faceted
approach that goes beyond temporary financial
relief; it involves creating policies that promote
inclusive economic growth, access to affordable
healthcare, quality education, and sustainable
employment opportunities.
• Key findings emphasize that educational initiatives
and community empowerment play a crucial role in
breaking poverty cycles by equipping individuals
with the skills needed to improve their
socioeconomic status. Additionally, social safety
nets, such as affordable housing and healthcare
services, have proven effective in reducing poverty's
immediate effects and providing a foundation for
long-term stability.
• Moving forward, governments, communities, and
organizations must work together to implement
comprehensive strategies focused on equitable
resource distribution and opportunity creation. By
adopting data-driven and community-focused
approaches, societies can develop more resilient
solutions to poverty that not only alleviate its
immediate impacts but also address its root causes.
Ultimately, ending poverty requires a commitment to
social justice and a shared vision for a future where
all individuals have the chance to thrive.

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 BIBLIOGRAPHY

• https://www.who.int/health-topics/poverty

• https://www.povertyactionlab.org/

• UNCIEF OF THE WHO (WORLD HEALTH

ORGANISATION )

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