Key Notes on Strings and Structures in C
1. Introduction to Strings
A string is a one-dimensional array of characters terminated by a null character '\0'. Strings are used
to manipulate text such as words and sentences in C programming. Example:
char name[] = {'H', 'E', 'L', 'L', 'O', '\0'};
C automatically inserts the null character when initializing strings with double quotes, e.g., char
name[] = "HELLO";
2. Standard Library String Functions
- strlen(): Finds the length of a string.
- strcpy(): Copies one string into another.
- strcat(): Concatenates two strings.
- strcmp(): Compares two strings.
- strrev(): Reverses a string.
- strstr(): Finds the first occurrence of a substring.
Q1: Write a program to find the length of a string using strlen().
Answer:
```
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
int main() {
char str[] = "Hello World";
printf("Length: %d", strlen(str));
return 0;
```
3. Pointers and Strings
Pointers can be used to manipulate strings more efficiently. You can store the base address of a
string in a pointer and use it to access or modify the string.
Q2: Demonstrate string manipulation using pointers.
Answer:
```
#include <stdio.h>
int main() {
char str[] = "Hello";
char *ptr = str;
while(*ptr != '\0') {
printf("%c ", *ptr);
ptr++;
return 0;
```
4. Structures in C
Structures allow grouping of variables of different types under a single name. Useful in database
management and handling complex data. Structure elements are accessed using the dot (.)
operator.
Q3: Write a structure to store and display information about a book.
Answer:
```
#include <stdio.h>
struct Book {
char title[50];
char author[50];
float price;
};
int main() {
struct Book b1 = {"C Programming", "Author Name", 250.00};
printf("Title: %s\nAuthor: %s\nPrice: %.2f", b1.title, b1.author, b1.price);
return 0;
```
5. Conclusion
Understanding strings and structures in C is crucial for handling complex data and performing
various operations efficiently. Make sure to practice writing and manipulating strings and structures
to master these concepts.
