Evs Seminar

CMR COLLEGE OF PHARMACY
KANDLAKOYA,MEDCHAL
TOPIC: WATER POLLUTION
SUBMITTED BY- UPPARI AKSHAYA

ENROLLMENT NO-21T21R00A6
COURSE-B.PHARM[III-B]
SUBJECT-ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE
WATER POLLUTION
POLLUTION: Impurities present in environment is
known as pollution.
Water is a precious resource and without water life is
not possible on earth and 2/3 of surface is covered with
water.
USES OF WATER:
 DOMESTIC USE
 FEEDING PLANTS
 CULTIVATION
 HYDROELECTRICITY
 INDUSTRIES
 MEDICINES PREPARATION ETC…
WATER POLLUTION:
Water pollution can be defined as presence of solid,
liquid(or)gaseous contaminants in such concentrations
that may alter the quality of water.
CAUSES FOR WATER POLLUTION :
 Domestic waste
 Sewage system
 Solid waste
 Industrial waste
 Acid rain
 Oil industry
 Aquatic plants
 Deforestation
EFFECTS OF WATER POLLUTION :
1. On human health: In 2015 over 1.8 million
deaths according to study published in Lancet.
Every year unsafe water sickens about 1billion
people. waterborne pathogens in the form of
disease-causing bacteria and viruses. From
human and animal waste a major cause of illness
from contaminanted drinking water. Diseases
spread by unsafe water include cholera, giardia
and typhoid.
2. On the environment: Healthy ecosystem rely on
a complex web of animals, plants, bacteria and
fungi all of which interact. When water pollution
causes an algal bloom in lake/marine
environment the proliferation of newly
introduced nutrients stimulates plant &algae
growth which reduces oxygen levels in water.
This death of O2 called eutrophication
->suffocates plants and animals &can create dead
zones where water is essentially devoid of life .in
certain cases these algal blooms produce
neurotoxins that effect wildlife from whales to
seaturtles. chemicals and heavy metals from
industrial and municipal waste water contaminate
water ways as well. These contaminants are toxic
to aquatic life.
3. Rivers are changed into dustbin .
4. Shortage of drinking water.
5. Increase in BOD [biochemical oxygen
demand]
TYPES OF WATER POLLUTION:
1.ORGANIC POLLUTANTS: All organic waste
entering water bodies from different sources like
industries (pharma, fertilizer, painting).
2.INORGANIC POLLUTANTS:
 Salts, minerals, chemicals like nitrogen,
phosphorus that stimulate the growth of plant
and algae .
 This plants usually helpful for functioning of
healthy ecosystem but are harmful in larger
concentration.
 Nitrates and phosphates comes from the such
sources such as human waste animal waste
plant residue atmospheric deposition this
runoff agricultural, residential land
3.SEDIMENT POLLUTION:
 Clay, silt, sand and gravel can be suspended
and carried in water when river flows into lake
or ocean its flow velocity decreases and the
sediment often settle down
 Sediment pollution occurs when excessive
amount of suspended soil particles even
actually settled down and accumulates on the
bottom of a body of water.
 Control of soil erosion reduces sediment
pollution in waterways.
4.THERMAL POLLUTION:
 Thermal pollution occurs when heated water
produced during certain industrial processes is
released into Airways many industries such as
steam generated electric power plants use
water to remove excess heat.
 Increasing the temperature of a lake stream or
river leads to several chemical, physical and
biological effects.
 The water bodies should maintain the
temperature of 10 to 24°C if increased in this
temperature may leads to the Elnino.
5.NUCLEAR POLLUTION:
The deposition of presence of radioactive
substances on these surfaces or within solid, liquid
or gases like uranium, radium, plutonium, cesium.
CONTROL OF WATER POLLUTION:
1.STABILISATION OF ECOSYSTEM:
 Reduction of waste at source
 Burying of organic waste.
 Fish management
 Proper use of water
2.SEWAGE TREATMENT PLANT:

Pipes take water to treatment center
Screening stage
Primary treatment stage
Secondary treatment stage
Final treatment stage
Filter out into river
3.ION EXCHANGE METHOD:

All nitrates are soluble and more difficult to remove.
Resins can be used to exchange the nitrate ions in
polluted water with hydroxy ion.
4.REVERSE OSMOSIS:
Applied pressure >Contaminants>Semi-permeable
membrane>Fresh water>Pure water.
BIOMAGNIFICATION:
Also known as bio amplification &biological
magnification.
Occurs when the substances such as pesticides or heavy
metals move up the food chain by walking into
environment.
EX: pollutants in rivers or lakes are taken up by
microorganisms like plankton and are eaten by aquatic
organisms such as fish.
BIOACCUMALATION: it is the concentration of
pollutants from the environment which occurs within a
trophic level i.e one level of a food chain.
DRINKING WATER INDEX :
PH=6 - 8.5
Dissolved solids=500ppm
Chlorine, Sulphates=250ppm
Dissolved oxygen=4 -6 ppm
MINAMATA CITY
In 1932, a factory in MINAMATA city, Japan, they
began dumping its industrial effluent that is methyl
mercury into surrounding Bay and they sea. Methyl
mercury is incredibly toxic to humans and animals, can
cause wide range of neurological disorders. And its ill
effects were not immediate Noticeable. However, this
all changed as methyl mercury started to bioaccumulate
inside shellfish and the fish in my MINAMATA Bay.
These affected organisms were then that was consumed
by local population. Initially animals such as cats and
dogs are affected. Before dying this cat used to make
strange noises so at that time, they coined the disease as
dancing cat disease. After some days same symptoms
were seen in humans but cause was not known. Some of
them affected by symptoms of acute mercury poisoning
such as ataxia, muscle weakness, loss of motor
coordination in severe cases paralysis occurred. This
disease and deaths continued for almost 36 years before
they officially acknowledged by the government. Then
various control measures for water pollutions have been
adopted by government in Japan.
PREVENTION OF WATER POLLUTION
We are all accountable to some degree for today’s
water pollution problem. Fortunately these are
some simple ways we can prevent water
contamination.
 Reduce the domestic waste
Reduce your plastic consumption
Properly dispose of chemical cleaners, oils and
non-biodegradable items
Be mindful of anything you pour into storm
sewers, because that waste often won’t be
treated before released into local waterways
Don’t flush your old medications
Advise others to use water in limited way
THANK YOU

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CMR COLLEGE OF PHARMACY

TOPIC: WATER POLLUTION

SUBMITTED BY- UPPARI AKSHAYA

2.SEWAGE TREATMENT PLANT:

Primary treatment stage

Secondary treatment stage

Final treatment stage

Filter out into river

3.ION EXCHANGE METHOD:

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