Class 12 (MP Board) Chemistry

Chapter 2 : Electrochemistry (CH-2)

Question Bank with Solutions - 2024-25

Note-.

Section-1. Objective type Questions(1 mark)

Section-2. Very Short Answer type (2 marks)

Section-3. Analytical (5 marks)

Objective type questions

Q.1 Which of the following is the use of electrolysis-

(a) Electroplating
(b) Electrorefining
(c) Both a and b
(d) None of these

Ans- (c)

Q.2 Faraday’s law of electrolysis is related to the-

(a) Atomic no. of the cation

(b) Atomic no of the anion
(c) Equivalent weight of the electrolyte
(d) speed of the cation

Ans- (c)

Q.3 Zn can displace-

(a) Mg from it’s aqueous solution

(b) Cu from it’s aqueous solution
(c) Na from it’s aqueous solution
(d) Al from it’s aqueous solution

Ans- (b)
Q.4 A salt bridge contains –

(a) A saturated solution of KCl and agar agar

(b) A saturated solution of KNO3 and agar agar
(c) A saturated solution of NH4NO3 and agar agar
(d) All of these

Ans- (d)

Q.5 Galvanization includes plating iron with-

(a) Zinc
(b) Tin
(c) Copper
(d) Aluminium

Ans- (a)

Q.6 Match the Following –

(a) Cell Constant (i) molar conductance

(b) Specific conductance. (ii) l/a
(c) µ (iii) Kohlrausch’s law
(d) ∧∞ = λo+ + λo- (iv) mho cm-1

Ans-

(a) (ii)
(b) (iv)
(c) (i)
(d) (iii)

Q.7 Fill in the blanks-

(a) An electrochemical cell converts ………energy to………..energy.

(b) In a galvanic cell electrons flow from ………to………through the connecting wires.
(c) The difference between the electrode potentials of two electrodes when no current is drawn
through the cell is called as…………..
(d) If equivalent conductance of Al2(SO4)3 is x , then the value of it’s molar conductance is…..

Ans-

(a) Chemical, electrical

(b) Anode, Cathode
(c) Cell EMF
(d) 6x

Q.8 Answer in one word/sentence-

(a) Write the relation between conductivity and molar conductivity with concentration.
(b) Write the formula of ΔG° for the reaction
(c) Which cell is used in hearing aids
(d) Name the cell which is used in automobiles.

Ans-

(a) Λ = K/C= Conductivity /Concentration

m

(b) ΔG° = -nF E°cell

(c) Mercury cell.
(d) Lead storage cell

Very Short Answer type questions

Q.9 Define limiting molar conductivity. Why conductivity of an electrolyte solution decreases
with the decrease in concentration?

Ans- the maximum conductivity when solution is infinitely dilute, such that on further dilution
there is no increase in molar conductivity is called as Limiting molar conductivity. Conductivity
decreases with decrease in concentration because number of ions per unit volume decrease.

Q.10 State Kohlrausch’s law of independent migration of ions. Write its one application.
Ans- Kohlrausch’s law- According to this law, the limiting molar conductivity of an electrolyte
is equal to the sum of contribution of cations as well as anions.

Application- By using this law we can calculate limiting molar conductivities of weak
electrolytes

Q.11 Account for the statement- “Rusting of iron is quicker in saline water than in ordinary
water.”
Ans- Rusting of iron is quicker in saline water than in ordinary water because saline water has
more amount of electrolyte which cause more electrochemical reaction in surface of iron which
increase the rate of rusting as compare to ordinary water.

Q.12 Blocks of magnesium are strapped to the steel hubs of ocean going ships.

Ans- Blocks of magnesium are strapped to the steel hubs of ocean going ships. because
according to electrochemical series magnesium is more reactive than iron, it gets oxidized
instead of the iron and a cathodic region creates in the surface of iron. This type of protection is
called as cathodic protection.

Analytical questions

Q.13. How will you differentiate galvanic cell and electrolytic cell.

Ans. Difference between electrochemical cell and electrolytic cell.

Galvanic cell Electrolytic cell

1. Galvanic cell converts electrical 1. Electrolytic cell converts electrical

energy into electrical energy energy into chemical energy

2. In galvanic cel anode is negative 2. Electrolytic cell anode is positively

recharged and cathode is positively charged and Cathode is negative
charged charged .
3. In galvanic cell Salt Bridge is used. 3. Electrolytic cell no Salt Bridge is
required
 4. In galvanic cell, cell reaction occurs 4. In electrolytic cell, the reaction is
spontaneously not spontaneous

5. Generally in galvanic cell there are 5. Generally in electrolytic cell there is

two separate container is taken. only one container is taken.

6. Galvanic cells are used as batteries, 6. Electrolytic cells are used to

and simulators. electroplate metals, recharge batteries

Q.14. (i)Explain kohlrausch’s law .

(ii) write any two applications of kohlrausch’s law.

Ans. (i)kohlrausch’s law-

According to this law, limiting molar conductivity of an electrolyte can be represented as the
sum of the individual contributions of the anion and cation of the electrolyte. Limiting equivalent
molar conductivity of an electrolyte is the algebraic sum of limiting molar equivalent
conductivities of its constituent ions.
At infinite dilution every ion in the influence of the electric field migrates independent of its
counter ion and has its own contribution towards conductance.

∧∞ = λo+ + λo-

Where λo+ = limiting equivalent conductivities of cation

λo- = limiting equivalent conductivities of anion.

(ii)Applications of kohlrausch law-

(a)To find out molar conductance of weak electrolyte-

At infinite dilution CH3-COOH ionizes as

CH3-COOH ⇌ CH3COO– + H+
According to kohlrausch law-

Λm0(CH3COOH)= λ CH3COO-0 + λ H+0 (1 )

With the help of CH3COONa , HCl , NaCl we can find out molar conductance CH3COOH
CH3COONa ⇌ CH3COO– + Na+
Λm0(CH3COONa)= λ CH3COO-0 + λ Na+0 (2 )
HCl ⇌ H+ + Cl–
Λm0(HCl)= λ H+0 + λ Cl-0 (3 )
NaCl ⇌ Na+ + Cl–
Λm0(NaCl)= λ Na+0 + λ Cl-0 (4 )

Add 2 and 3 and substract with 4

Λm0(CH3COONa) + Λm0(HCl) – Λm0(NaCl)

= λ CH3COO-0 + λ H+0

Λm0(CH3COOH) = Λm0(CH3COONa) + Λm0(HCl) – Λm0(NaCl)

for NH4OH,

Λm0(NH4OH) = Λm0(NH4Cl) + Λm0(NaOH) – Λm0(NaCl)

For H2O

Λm0(H2O) = Λm0(HCl) + Λm0(NaOH) – Λm0(NaCl)

(b) To find out amount of dissociation-

Λ∞ = Λ∞a + Λ∞b,

Λ∞ = Λ∞₊ + Λ∞₋,

∝ = Λc/Λ∞

∝ = Λc/Λ∞₊ + Λ∞₋

Where, ∝ = Degree of dissociation.

Q.15.(i) Write the relation between standard free energy change and equilibrium constant.
(ii) Find out the number of electrons flow from a metallic wire a current of 0.5 ampere slow for
two hours.
Ans. (i) Relation between standard free energy change and equilibrium constant.
The work done by and electrochemical cell is the result of multiplication of EMF of cell and
charge
W = nFEcell
according to thermodynamics work done by cell is equal to standard free energy W = – ΔG
– ΔG = nFEcell

ΔG = – nFEcell

For standard conditions,

ΔG0 = – nFE0cell

We know that

E0cell = (2.303 RT/nF) log Kc

Hence,

ΔG0 = – nF x (2.303 RT/ nF) log Kc

ΔG0 = -RT ln Kc

(ii)
We know that,
Q=i×t
= 0.5 × (2 × 60 x 60 s) = 3600 C
We know that 96500 C is equal to charge of 1 mole electrons means 6.02 x 1023 electrons Hence
for 3600 C
= 2246 x 1022 electrons
Q.16. Calculate the standard cell potentials of the galvanic cells in which the following reactions
take place. Also calculate ∆G° and equilibrium constant for the reaction.
Ans. (a)

We know that, for E0cell,

ΔG0 = – nFE0cell

For given cell reaction n = 6

(b)We know that, for E0cell,

ΔG0 = – nFE0cell

For given cell reaction n = 1

Q.17. Define conductivity and molar conductivity for the solution of an electrolyte. Discuss
their variation with concentration.

Ans.Conductivity- The reciprocal of resistivity is known as conductivity.

Where G is the conductance of the solution and K (kappa) is specific conductance

Now, if current I = 1 cm and

Area A = 1 sq.cm,

then K = G.

Hence,specific conductivity of a solution is defined as the conductance of a solution of 1 cm

length and having 1 sq. cm as the area of cross-section. it may be defined as conductance of one
centimetre cube of the solution of the electrolyte.

Molar conductivity- molar conductivity of a solution at a dilution V is the conductance of all

the ions produced from 1 mole of the electrolyte dissolved in V cm3 of the solution when the
electrodes are 1 cm apart and the area of the electrodes is so large that the whole of the solution
is contained between them. It is represented by ∆m.

If in above equation l = 1 cm then,

Variation of conductivity and molar conductivity with concentration:
(i) Conductivity always decreases with decrease in concentration, for both weak and strong
electrolytes. This is because the number of ions per unit volume that carry the current in a
solution decreases on dilution.

For strong electrolytes, such as salts, strong acids and strong bases, the molar conductivity
depends only weakly on concentration. On dilution there is a regular increase in the molar
conductivity of strong electrolyte, due to the decrease in solute–solute interaction.
(ii)Molar conductivity increases with decrease in concentration. This is because that total
volume, V, of solution containing one mole of electrolyte also increases. It has been found that
decrease in K on dilution of a solution is more than compensated by increase in its volum

Q.18. Write the Faraday's laws of electrolysis.

Ans.
1. Faraday’s First Law of Electrolysis-
According to this law,the amount of substance liberated on the electrode is directly proportional
to the quantity of electricity passed.For example the cations have valency of two like Cu++ then
for every cation, there would be two electrons transferred from cathode to cation. So for
disposition of every Cu atom on the cathode, there would be – 2.e charge transfers from cathode
to cation.
W Q
Q=Ixt

W Ixt
W = ZIt
where w = mass of substance
Z = electrochemical equivalent
I = current
T= time
If we put Q = 1 coulombs in the above equation, we will get Z = w which implies that
electrochemical equivalent of any substance is the amount of the substance deposited on the
passing of 1 coulomb through its solution. This constant of the passing of electrochemical
equivalent is generally expressed in terms of milligrams per coulomb or kilogram per coulomb.

2. Faraday’s Second Law of Electrolysis-

When same current for same time is passed through different electrolytes the amount of
substances liberated on the different electrodes are in the ratio of their respective electrochemical
equivalent. for the same quantity of electricity or charge passes through different electrolytes, the
mass of deposited chemical is directly proportional to its atomic weight and inversely
proportional to its valency.

W E

For two different electrolites-W1/W2 = E1/E2,

Where,

W= Wt of electrolyte

M = Equivalent wt of Electrolyte.

Q.19. What is electrochemical series.

Ans. A series of substances arranged in increasing order of their standard reduction potential is
known as electrochemical series in electrochemical series Lithium occupies the highest position
Lithium has the minimum value of reduction potential least tendency to get reduced so it is the
best reducing agent chlorine occupies the lowest position chlorine has the maximum value of
standard reduction potential highest tendency to get reduced and fluorine is best oxidizing agent.

The potentials of metals given in electrochemical series are related to the standard hydrogen
electrode (SHE) of which the potential is set arbitrarily at ±0 mV.

standard hydrogen electrode consists of a platinum wire or platinum mesh that is immersed in a
solution with hydrogen ion activity of one and flushed with hydrogen gas at atmospheric
pressure 760 Torr.

The metals at the bottom of the series, such as the transition metals, are very stable and form
compounds less readily. These metals, such as copper and gold, are used to make coins and
jewelry and are called noble metals because of their low reactivity.
Q.20. Derive Nernst equation for single electrode potential.

Ans.-The Nernst equation is used to calculate the cell potential of an electrochemical cell at any
given temperature, pressure, and reactant concentration.

For Single Electrode Potential-

Ecell = E0 – [RT/nF] ln Q
Where,

Ecell = cell potential of the cell

E0 = cell potential under standard conditions

R = universal gas constant

T = temperature

n = number of electrons transferred in the redox reaction

F = Faraday constant
Q = reaction quotient

Assume a half cell reaction is – Mn+ + ne– =M(s) according to Nernst, cell potential can be

obtained by

E Mn+/M = E0Mn+/M – (RT/nF) ln[M]/[Mn+]

For metal m = 1

Hence,

E Mn+/M = E0Mn+/M – (RT/nF) ln /[Mn+]

Or

E Mn+/M = E0Mn+/M – 2.303(RT/nF) log 1/[Mn+]

2.303(RT/nF) = 0.059 at 298 K

SO,

E Mn+/M = E0Mn+/M – (0.059/n) log 1/[Mn+]

This is Called Nernst Equation.

Q.21. (i)Write the differences between metallic conduction and electrolytic conduction.

(ii)Write the difference between electromotive force and cell potential

Ans. (I)
 metallic conduction electrolytic conduction

1. Metallic conduction is occurred 1. Electrolytic conduction

occurs due to flow of electrons occurs due to movement of
ions
2. in metallic conduction the amount 2. in electrolytic conduction there is
of metal or substance doesn't change a transfer of metals or substances
occur.
3. in metallic conduction chemical 3. in electrolytic conduction chemical
properties do not change properties changes.

4. effect of temperature metallic 4. electrolytic conduction increases

conduction decreases as temperature when temperature increases.
is increased

(ii)

electromotive force Cell potential

1. The work done to carry a unit 1. During the flow of current in cell
charge from negative electrode to the potential difference between
positive electrode is called as electrodes is called as cell potential
electromotive force of cell potential
2. electromotive force represent the
maximum work done 2 is less than maximum work done
cell
3. electromotive force is responsible 3. potential is not responsible for
for flow of electric current flow of electric current in circuit

4. electromotive force measured by 4. potential is measured by

potentiometer voltmeter

Q.22 Write the factors affecting of electric conductance of an electrolytic substance.

Ans. The conductivity of an electrolyte is affected by the following factors:

1. of ions in solution. The higher the concentration of ions in solution, the higher its conductivity
will be.

2.The type of substance that dissolves in water. Whether a material is a strong electrolyte (e.g.
potassium nitrate, KNO3KNO3), a weak electrolyte (e.g. acetic acid, CH3COOHCH3COOH) or a
non-electrolyte (e.g. sugar, alcohol, oil) will affect the conductivity of water because the
concentration of ions in solution will be different in each case. Strong electrolytes form ions
easily, weak electrolytes do not form ions easily and non-electrolytes do not form ions in
solution.

Q.23. Explain construction and working of standard Hydrogen electrode?

Ans- The standard hydrogen electrode consists of a platinum electrode coated with platinum
black. The electrode is dipped in an acidic solution and pure hydrogen gas is bubbled through it.

H+ (aq) + e– →1/2H2(g)

The concentration of both the reduced and oxidised forms of hydrogen is maintained at unity
.This implies that the pressure of hydrogen gas is one bar and the concentration of hydrogen ion
in the solution is one molar.

half-cell called standard hydrogen electrode represented by Pt(s)| H2(g) |H+(aq), is assigned a
zero potential at all temperatures corresponding to the reaction.

Applications of SHE : A reversible galvanic cell with the experimental (indicator) electrode,
Zn2+ (1M) | Zn(s) and SHE can be developed as follows : Thus, The potential can be directly
obtained.

Disadvantages : It is difficult to construct and handle SHE. Pure and dry H2 gas cannot be
obtained. Pressure of H2 gas cannot be maintained exactly at 1 atmosphere. The active mass or
concentration of H+ from HCl cannot be maintained exactly unity.
 Q.24. (a)In the following reaction find out the amount of charge in coulomb-

(i) Al3+ to Al
(ii) Cu2+ to Cu
(iii) MnO4– to Mn2+

(b) Arrange the given metals in increasing order of reducing capacity –

K+/K = -2.93V, Ag+/Ag = 0.80V, Hg 2+/Hg = 0.79V, Mg2+/Mg =-2.37V, Cr3+/Cr = -0.74V.

(c) for the following reaction of Galvanic cell Zn (s) | Zn 2+(aq)|| Ag+(aq) | Ag(s)
(I) which electrode is negatively charged

(ii) the carrier of electricity

(iii)The reaction in each electrode

Ans. (a)

(i) In reduction of Al3+ ion required number of electron = 3 Mole hence required charge = 3F =
3 × 96,500 = 2.9 x 10 5 C
(ii) In reduction of Cu2+ ion required number of electron = 2 Mole hence required charge =

2F

= = 2 × 96,500 = 1.93 x 10 5 C

(iii) required number of electron = 5 Mole hence required charge = 5F

= 5 × 96,500 = 4.83 x 10 5 C

(b)The metals which haveLower electrode potential will have more reducing capacity hence the
increasing order of reducing capacity is- Ag < Hg < Cr < Mg <K
(c)
For the reaction
Zn (s) | Zn 2+(aq)|| Ag+(aq) | Ag(s)

(I) Zn electrode is negatively charged

(ii)Electrons are the carrier of electricity

(iii)
Cell reaction at
anode Zn (s) → Zn 2+(aq + 2e –

At cathode Ag++ e - →Ag