HEALTH EDUCATION

Personal hygiene:

Encourage mother to bath the child regularly. Regular handwashing should be followed
before feeding the child. The dress should be washed and dry in sunlight before care.

Play:

The child is allowed to play. Sharp objects and medicines should be kept away from the
children. The child should be protected from falls.

Diet:

Nutritional diet should be followed. Hygiene methods should be followed for

preparing food menu. It should be frequently changed.

Follow up:

 The mother should be encouraged to follow up. Arrived if any symptoms occurred.
The mother is educated to watch the signs of infections.
 The major routes of transmission of typhoid fever are through drinking water or
eating food contaminated with Salmonella typhi. Prevention is based on ensuring
access to safe water and by promoting safe food handling practices. Health education
is paramount to raising public awareness and induce behavior change.

Health education related to water, sanitation, and food contamination:

 Safe water Typhoid fever is a waterborne disease and the main preventive measure is
to ensure access to safe water. The water needs to be of good quality and must be
sufficient to supply the community with enough drinking water as well as for all other
domestic purposes such as cooking and washing. During outbreaks the following
control measures are of particular interest: In urban areas, control and treatment of the
water supply systems must be strengthened from catchment to consumer. Safe
drinking water should be made available to the population through a piped system or
from tanker trucks. In rural areas, wells must be checked for pathogens and treated if
necessary. At home, particular attention must be paid to the disinfection and the
storage of the water however safe its source. Drinking water can be made safe by
boiling it for one minute or by adding a chlorine-releasing chemical. Narrow-mouthed
pots with covers for storing water help reduce secondary transmission of typhoid
 fever. Chlorine is ineffective when water is stored in metallic containers. In some
situations, such as poor rural areas in developing countries or refugee camps, fuel for
boiling water and storage containers may have to be supplied.
 Food safety Contaminated food is another important vehicle for typhoid fever
transmission. Appropriate food handling and processing is paramount and the
following basic hygiene measures must be implemented or reinforced during
epidemics: washing hands with soap before preparing or eating food; avoiding raw
food, shellfish, ice; eating only cooked and still hot food or reheating it. 26 The
diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of typhoid fever During outbreaks, food safety
inspections must be reinforced in restaurants and for street food vendors activities.
Typhoid can be transmitted by chronic carriers who do not apply satisfactory food-
related hygiene practices. These carriers should be excluded from any activities
involving food preparation and serving. They should not resume their duties until they
have had three negative stool cultures at least one month apart.
 Sanitation Proper sanitation contributes to reducing the risk of transmission of all
diarrhoeal pathogens including Salmonella typhi. Appropriate facilities for human
waste disposal must be available for the community. In an emergency, pit latrines can
be quickly built. Collection and treatment of sewage, especially during the rainy
season, must be implemented In areas where typhoid fever is known to be present, the
use of human excreta as fertilizers must be discouraged. 4.4 Health education is
paramount to raising public awareness of all the above-mentioned prevention
measures. Health education messages for vulnerable communities need to be adapted
to local conditions and translated into local languages. To reach communities, all
possible means of communication (e.g. media, schools, women’s groups, religious
groups) must be applied. Community involvement is the cornerstone of behavior
change with regard to hygiene and for setting up and maintenance of the needed
infrastructures. In health facilities, all staff must be repeatedly educated about the
need for excellent personal hygiene at work; isolation measures for the patient; and
disinfection measures.
 Advice to get vaccination for typhoid fever.
Summary:

Master. saivithun was admitted to Nungambakkam Child Trust Hospital on 05-11-

2024 with complaints of high fever, vomiting, restlessness, cough, lethargy, neck rigidity, and
loose stool for the last 15 days. He was diagnosed with meningitis. He is taking medication
such as Syp. Cefotaxime 200mg iv tds, T. AZITHRAL 500 mg oral HS, syp.Polybione 5mg
12qh, IVF mannitol (20%) 4 to 6 hrs. various investigation leads to done. He is taking a good
nutritional diet after hospitalization.

Conclusion:

When I selected the child for my clinical presentation. He was diagnosed with
s.typhic enteric fever. I have started my case on 5-11-2024 and ended my care on 8-11-2024.

The following care was given to the child.

Bed making with carbonization, vital signs checked and recorded, physical
assessment done, play therapy given, high-calorie diet given, input and output chart
maintained, administered medications as prescribed, health education given regarding
nutrition, personal hygiene, and exercises.
Bibliography:

 Wongs, herilyn, “Essential of pediatric nursing”, 8th edition, Elsevier publications.

 Rimple Sharma, “Essential of pediatric nursing” 1 ST edition, Jaypee brothers
publications.
 Manoj Yadav, “a textbook of Child Health Nursing”, 2nd edition, Choice Book Printers
Pvt Ltd.
 Rose and Wilson. “textbook of Anatomy and Physiology in Health and Illness, 11 th
edition.
 Assume leive “Essential of pediatric nursing”, 2nd edition, Elsevier publications.
 Suraj Gupta, “Textbook of essential pediatric”, Jaypee brothers’ publications.
 Wong LD, Hockenberry-Earton M, Winkelstein LM, Wilson D, Ahmann E, Davito-
Thomas AP et al. Whaley & Wong’s nursing care of infants & children 6 th edition.
Missouri: Mosby; 1999. P.
 Behrman ER, Kliegrman MR, Jenson BH, Adams GW, Adelman DR, Anderson M P
et al. Nelson’s textbook of paediatrics. 16 th ed.New Delhi: Harcourt India Pvt. Ltd.
2000. P.
 Wong LD, Hockenberry-Earton M, Winkelstein ML, Wilson D, Ahmann E, Davito-
Thomas AP et al. Whaley & Wong’s nursing care of infants & children. 7 th ed.
Missouri: Mosby; 2003. P.
 Viswanathan J., Desai BS. Achar’s textbook of paediatrics. 3rd ed. Madras: Orient
Longman Ltd.; 1989. P.
 Dorothy R. Marlow, Redding AB, Abbot IM, Blackmore AC, Bonner K, Boos LM
et al. Textbook of paediatric nursing. 6th ed. NewDelhi: Harcourt India Pvt. Ltd.;
2001. P

HEALTH EDUCATION
Personal hygiene:

Encourage the mother to bathe the child regularly. Before feeding the child, the mother
should follow up with regular handwashing. The dress should be washed and dried in
sunlight before care.

Play:

The child is allowed to play. Sharp objects and medicines should be kept away from the
children. The child should be protected from falls.

Pain Management

- Administer prescribed medications for pain relief.

- Use comfort techniques like swaddling or gentle rocking.
- Avoid unnecessary pressure on the affected area.

Proper Handling and Positioning

- Support the affected limb gently during handling.

- Avoid forcing movement of the affected limb.
- Use soft padding for comfort and protection.

Feeding and Hydration

- Ensure the baby is well-hydrated, as infections can increase fluid needs.

- Continue breastfeeding or formula feeding as recommended by the paediatrician.

Hygiene Practices

- Maintain cleanliness to prevent further infections.

- Keep the baby's environment clean and sterile during dressing changes or other procedures.

Medication Adherence

- Follow the prescribed antibiotic course strictly, even if the baby appears better.
- Do not miss doses to ensure complete eradication of the infection.

When to Seek Help

- High fever (>38.5°C/101.3°F)
- Increased swelling, redness, or pus from the affected area
- Difficulty feeding or lethargy
- Signs of pain despite medications

Follow-Up Care

- Regular follow-up appointments for monitoring progress and healing.

- Blood tests or imaging (X-rays or ultrasounds) may be needed to assess recovery.

Parental Support

- Encourage caregivers to remain calm and confident.

- Provide emotional support and involve them in care routines.
- Answer questions and address concerns promptly.

SUMMARY:
 Baby of Pavithra was admitted to Nungambakkam Child Trust Hospital on 11-11-
2024 with complaints of left-hand swelling, decreased movement of left upper limbs, fever,
irritability crying, and falling from bed for the last 10hr before in home. He was diagnosed
with osteomyelitis. she is taking medication such as Syp. P120 Cefotaxime 450mg iv 12qh,
various investigation leads to done. she is well after hospitalization.

CONCLUSION:

When I selected the child for my clinical presentation. she was diagnosed with
osteomyelitis. I have started my case on 11-11-2024 and ended my care on 16-11-2024. The
following care was given to the child. Bed making with carbonization, vital signs checked
and recorded, physical assessment done, play therapy given, high-calorie diet given, input
and output chart maintained, administered medications as prescribed, health education given
regarding nutrition, personal hygiene, handling of the baby, feedings and teach about the fall
risk of the baby.

BIBLIOGRAPHY:
 Wongs, herilyn, “Essential of pediatric nursing”, 8th edition, Elsevier publications.
 Rimple Sharma, “Essential of pediatric nursing” 1 ST edition, Jaypee brothers
publications.
 Manoj Yadav, “A Textbook of Child Health Nursing”, 2 nd edition, Choice Book
Printers Pvt Ltd.
 Rose and Wilson. “textbook of Anatomy and Physiology in Health and Illness, 11 th
edition.
 sume leive “Essential of pediatric nursing”, 2nd edition, Elsevier publications.
 NANDA International, Inc. (2021). NANDA International Nursing Diagnoses:
Definitions and Classification, 2021-2023. Wiley-Blackwell.
 Ackley, B. J., & Ladwig, G. B. (2020). Nursing Diagnosis Handbook: An Evidence-
Based Guide to Planning Care. Elsevier.
 Potter, P. A., Perry, A. G., Stockert, P. A., & Hall, A. M. (2021). Fundamentals of
Nursing. 10th Edition. Elsevier.
 Hockenberry, M. J., & Wilson, D. (2022). Wong's Nursing Care of Infants and
Children. Elsevier.
 National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE). (2019). Osteomyelitis in
Children: Guidelines for Diagnosis and Treatment.
 World Health Organization (WHO). (2020). Integrated Management of Childhood
Illness (IMCI) Guidelines.
 Kliegman, R., Stanton, B., St Geme, J. W., Schor, N. F., & Behrman, R. E. (2020).
Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics. 21st Edition. Elsevier.
 Nursing and Midwifery Council (NMC). (2019). The Code: Professional Standards of
Practice and Behaviour for Nurses and Midwives.
 INTRODUCTION
&
HISTORY COLLECTION
IMMUNIZATION
 MILESTONE
DEVELOPMENT
GROWTH AND
DEVELOPMENT

NUTRITIONAL
ASSESSMENT
 &
MENU PLANNING

PHYSICAL
EXAMINATION
INVESTIGATIONS
MEDICATIONS
ANATOMY AND
PHYSIOLOGY
DISEASE
CONDITION
NURSING
DIAGNOSIS
 HEALTH
EDUCATION
Summary
&
Conclusion
Bibliography