MID-TERM TEST /ENGLISH FOR AVIATION BUSINESS

Class: K22ĐHNAHK / Subject: 010100122301/Semester 2 (2023-2024)

Name of student: Nguyễn Thị Ngọc Nhi Student’s signature Date of test: 30/01/2024
Time allowed: 90 minutes

SECTION I: Fill in the blanks with the suitable job positions presented in the box and choose the correct grammatical forms:

flight instructor / airport manager / flight test engineer / reservation agent / aircraft fueler / baggage handler / flight
paramedic / cargo agent / aircraft maintenance technician / ground staff / flight attendant / aircraft cleaner / aerospace
engineer / air traffic controller / avionics technician / pilot / security officer / station manager

1. Baggage handlers are responsible for the safety and transportation of luggage. They use tractors, conveyor belts and
tugs to transport bags between check-in counters and their respective flights. Good luggage management is essential
to the smooth operation of any airport.

2. Aerospace engineers are highly qualified and skilled in structural design, aerodynamics, navigation,
instrumentation and communication technologies.

3. Aircraft maintenance technicians ensure and maintain high safety standards in aviation. Their job is the
inspection, maintenance and repair of aircraft.

4. Working in shifts, the ground staff handles passenger operations such as transfers, security checks and
accessibility.

5. Airport managers oversee the day-to-day operations at an airport. They manage safety, negotiate contracts and
leases on behalf of the airport and ensure that the management complies with rules and regulations.

6. Air traffic controllers coordinate aircraft movements to ensure safety, efficiency and minimal delay. They manage
the landing and take-off of the aircraft at the airport and monitor the airborne aircraft using radar

7. Flight instructors teach students how to operate an aircraft. Besides practical instructions on a pilot's role, they also
teach theoretical topics such as aerodynamics, equipment and safety protocols.

8. Airlines hire flight attendants to serve as the cabin crew. The job requires ensuring the safety and comfort of
passengers for a smooth flying experience.

9. Aircraft cleaners are responsible for typical job duties including the preparation of cleaning products, waste
removal, spot-cleaning problem areas, sanitizing bathrooms, vacuuming the carpet and restocking supplies.

10. A reservation agent provides information to customers of an airline. They answer questions on ticket pricing,
meals, seat availability, car rentals, airline regulations and layovers. A reservation agent also books flights, accepts
payments and resolves customer issues.

11. An aircraft fueler is responsible for fueling and maintaining aircraft. Job duties include safely connecting and
disconnecting fueling equipment, filling fuel tanks on wings, filling out paperwork and inspecting equipment for
issues.

12. An avionics technician maintains all of the electronics and wiring on an aircraft. Typical job duties include running
cables, connecting navigation instruments, mounting antennas and installing radios and flight entertainment systems.
Additional tasks include troubleshooting equipment issues and repairing broken devices.

13. A flight paramedic is responsible for all aspects of care for patients being transported by aircraft. Typical duties
include assessing injuries, prioritizing medical needs and providing advanced life support to critically ill patients.
These professionals also organize and restock the aircraft with needed medical supplies after every flight.
 14. A cargo agent is responsible for moving goods through the airline. They must ensure that packages are delivered
and picked up in a timely fashion, complete all necessary paperwork and collect delivery fees. They must also
complete and inspect all customs and tariff paperwork.

15. A flight test engineer is responsible for testing the performance and operations of aircraft to ensure that they
comply with all guidelines and regulations. They plan, coordinate and conduct tests on all parts of an aircraft,
troubleshoot issues and prepare detailed testing documentation.

SECTION II: Choose the correct aviation term from the box for each definition

Improvised explosive device / Aerodrome / Aircraft security check / Runway / Authority / Air Operator Certificate
(AOC) / Unaccompanied baggage / Apron / Pre-flight inspection / Runway incursion / Check-in / Security / Apron /
Hangar / Dangerous goods / Airworthiness / Screening / Pilot-in-command / Operator / Disruptive passenger / Catering
supplies / Flight Safety /

1. Aerodrome : A defined area on land or water (including any buildings, installations and equipment) intended to be
used either wholly or in part for the arrival, departure and surface movement of aircraft.

2. Air Operator Certificate (AOC) : A certificate authorising an operator to carry out specified commercial air
transport operations

3. Runway incursion : Any unauthorized intrusion onto a runway, regardless of whether or not an aircraft presents a
potential conflict.

4. Runway: A defined rectangular area on a land aerodrome prepared for the landing and take-off of aircraft.

5. Apron : A defined area, on a land aerodrome, intended to accommodate aircraft for purposes of loading or unloading
passengers, mail or cargo, fuelling, parking or maintenance.

6. Authority : The competent body responsible for the safety of civil aviation in the state of the applicant or operator.

7. Dangerous goods: Articles or substances that are capable of posing significant risk to health, safety or property
when transported by air and which are classified according to ICAO Technical Instructions.

8. Pre-flight inspection : The inspection carried out before flight to ensure that the aircraft is fit for the intended flight.

9. Security : The safeguarding of civil aviation against acts of unlawful interference, achieved by a combination of
measures and human and material resources.

10 Screening : The application of technical or other means intended and designed to identify and/or detect
weapons, explosives or other dangerous devices, articles or substances, which may be used to commit an
act of unlawful interference.

11 Pilot-in-command : The pilot designated by the Operator as being in command of the aircraft and
charged with responsibility for the operational control and safe conduct of a flight.

12 Operator: A person, organisation or enterprise engaged in or offering to engage in commercial passenger

and/or cargo aircraft operations.

13 Disruptive passenger : A passenger who fails to respect the rules of conduct on board aircraft or to follow
the instructions of crew members, and who thereby disturbs the good order and discipline on board aircraft.

14. Check-in: The process of reporting to an aircraft operator for acceptance on a particular
flight.

15 Catering supplies: Food, beverages, other dry stores and associated equipment used on board an aircraft.

SECTION 3: Please answer this question (From 500-700 words).

 Aircraft delays are unavoidable occurrences in flight operations. What usually causes these delays?

Aircraft delays stand as inevitable facets within the intricate web of flight operations, intricately woven with a
multitude of factors intrinsic to the aviation industry. These delays, though often deemed unavoidable, stem from a confluence
of variables ranging from meteorological phenomena to technical malfunctions and logistical bottlenecks, each wielding a
distinct influence on the seamless progression of air travel.

In the world of aviation, unpredictable weather poses significant challenges, exerting a strong influence on flight
operations. Conditions like thunderstorms, dense fog, or blizzards place strict limitations on aircraft movements, forcing
airlines to prioritize safety above everything else. The impact of bad weather extends throughout flight schedules, causing
delays, diversions, and cancellations as pilots navigate through turbulent skies or ground crews prepare for adverse conditions.

Within the complex systems of modern aircraft, technical glitches pose a significant hurdle to maintaining punctuality in
flight operations. The delicate balance of avionics, propulsion systems, and auxiliary parts allows little margin for error, as
even minor issues can escalate into major disruptions. Whether it's a malfunctioning engine sensor or a glitch in the navigation
system, addressing technical problems requires careful attention from maintenance teams, often resulting in extended time on
the ground and delayed takeoffs.

Moreover, in the domain of airspace management, the complexities of operations create a web of challenges that intensify
aircraft delays. Persistent air traffic congestion, particularly in heavily traveled areas, leads to delays as planes compete for
limited airspace. The coordination of takeoffs and landings, carefully managed by air traffic controllers, is vulnerable to
interruptions caused by unexpected events like runway intrusions or airspace closures, adding further obstacles to the smooth
flow of flight operations.

Additionally, while meteorological and technical challenges often take the spotlight, logistical obstacles play a crucial role
in determining the punctuality of aircraft operations. Delays in refueling, caused by logistical constraints or disruptions in the
supply chain, can slow down aircraft turnaround times, leading to extended stays at the gate. Likewise, issues with baggage
handling or crew scheduling can exacerbate delays, increasing frustration for both passengers and crew members.

In the realm of aviation, regulatory imperatives and security protocols stand as non-negotiable pillars safeguarding the
integrity of air travel. Compliance with stringent safety regulations and security screenings imposes additional layers of
scrutiny upon flight operations, prolonging turnaround times and contributing to schedule disruptions. Moreover, unforeseen
events such as airspace closures due to security threats or natural disasters can precipitate widespread flight cancellations and
delays, necessitating adaptive responses from airlines and regulatory authorities alike.

In conclusion, aircraft delays are an unavoidable reality in flight operations, influenced by a myriad of factors
encompassing weather-related disruptions, technical issues, operational constraints, regulatory requirements, and security
considerations. While these delays can be frustrating for passengers and costly for airlines, proactive measures such as
advanced weather monitoring, predictive maintenance strategies, improved air traffic management systems, and enhanced
contingency planning can help mitigate their impact. By fostering collaboration and innovation across the aviation industry,
stakeholders can work towards minimizing aircraft delays and enhancing the overall efficiency and resilience of air travel
systems.