General_Physics_Section_5_Homework_Oxnard_College

Physics 121 Section 5 Homework
Solutions
Problem 1
A block is given an initial velocity of 5.00 m/s up a frictionless 20.0° incline.
Solution:
1) Use energy conservation:
Kinetic energy initial = Potential energy final
½mv² = mgh
h = v²/(2g)
h = (5.00)²/(2 * 9.81)
h = 1.27 m
2) Distance up the incline:

d = h/sin(20.0°)
d = 1.27/sin(20.0°)
d = 3.73 m
Final answer: The block slides 3.73 m up the incline.
Problem 2
A block slides down a frictionless plane with an inclination of 15.0°.
The block starts from rest and slides a distance of 2.00 meters down the incline.
Solution:
(a) Acceleration:
a = gsin(15.0°)
a = 9.81sin(15.0°)
a = 2.54 m/s²
(b) Speed after sliding 2.00 m:

v² = u² + 2as
v² = 0 + 2(2.54)(2.00)
v = √(10.16)
v = 3.19 m/s
Final answers: (a) 2.54 m/s², (b) 3.19 m/s
Problem 3
A force acting on a 100 kg crate is directed up a frictionless incline of 30.0°.
This produces an acceleration of 2.00 m/s² up the incline.
Solution:
1) Net force required for acceleration:
F_net = ma = (100 kg)(2.00 m/s²) = 200 N
2) Total force needed (including weight component):

F_total = F_net + mg sin(30.0°)
F_total = 200 N + (100 kg)(9.81 m/s²)sin(30.0°)
F_total = 200 N + 490 N
F_total = 690 N
Final answer: The magnitude of the force is 690 N.
Problem 4
A force of 1600 N acts parallel to a ramp to push a 300 kg piano into a moving van.
The ramp is inclined at 20.0°.
Solution:
(a) Acceleration of the piano:
F_net = F_applied - mg sin(20.0°)
F_net = 1600 N - (300 kg)(9.81 m/s²)sin(20.0°)
F_net = 1600 N - 1005 N
F_net = 595 N
a = F_net/m = 595/300
a = 1.98 m/s²
(b) Speed at the top of the ramp:

v² = u² + 2as
v² = 0 + 2(1.98)(4.00)
v = √(15.84)
v = 3.98 m/s
Final answers: (a) 1.98 m/s², (b) 3.98 m/s

Problem 5
A 25.0 kg block is initially at rest on a horizontal surface.
A horizontal force of 75.0 N is required to set the block in motion.
A horizontal force of 60.0 N is required to keep the block moving with constant speed.
Solution:
(a) Coefficient of static friction:
F_static = μ_s * N
75.0 N = μ_s * (25.0 kg)(9.81 m/s²)
μ_s = 75.0 / (25.0 * 9.81)
μ_s = 0.306
(b) Coefficient of kinetic friction:

F_kinetic = μ_k * N
60.0 N = μ_k * (25.0 kg)(9.81 m/s²)
μ_k = 60.0 / (25.0 * 9.81)
μ_k = 0.245
Final answers: (a) μ_s = 0.306, (b) μ_k = 0.245
Problem 6
A 120 kg wooden crate is pushed across a floor with a force of 450 N.
The coefficient of kinetic friction between the crate and the floor is 0.300.
Solution:
1) Calculate the force of friction:
F_friction = μ_k * N
F_friction = 0.300 * (120 kg)(9.81 m/s²)
F_friction = 353 N
2) Net force:
F_net = F_applied - F_friction
F_net = 450 N - 353 N
F_net = 97 N
3) Acceleration:
a = F_net/m
a = 97/120
a = 0.808 m/s²
Final answer: The acceleration of the crate is 0.808 m/s².
Problem 12
A 2.00 kg object is initially at rest on a horizontal surface.
An applied force of 30.0 N directed at -20° with respect to the x-direction acts on the
object.
The force of kinetic friction acts on the object once it is set into motion.
The coefficient of kinetic friction is 0.250.
Solution:
(a) Normal force:
F_y = F_applied * sin(-20°)
N = mg - F_applied * sin(-20°)
N = (2.00 kg)(9.81 m/s²) - (30.0 N)sin(-20°)
N = 19.62 + 10.26
N = 29.9 N
(b) Net force in x-direction:

F_x = F_applied * cos(-20°) - μ_k * N
F_x = (30.0 N)cos(-20°) - (0.250)(29.9 N)
F_x = 28.2 - 7.48
F_x = 20.7 N
(c) Acceleration:
a = F_net/m
a = 20.7/2.00
a = 10.4 m/s² in x-direction
(d) Required coefficient of kinetic friction for a = 7.00 m/s²:

F_net = ma = F_applied * cos(-20°) - μ_k * N
(2.00)(7.00) = 28.2 - μ_k(29.9)
14.0 = 28.2 - 29.9μ_k
μ_k = 0.475
Final answers:
(a) 29.9 N upward
(b) 20.7 N in x-direction
(c) 10.4 m/s² in x-direction
(d) μ_k = 0.475
Problem 13
A 3.00 kg mass is pushed up an incline of 50° by a 35.0 N applied force directed up the
incline.
The coefficient of kinetic friction between the surfaces is 0.175.
The mass is initially at rest and undergoes a displacement up the incline of 4.00 m.
Solution:
1) Calculate normal force:
N = mgcos(50°)
N = (3.00)(9.81)cos(50°)
N = 18.9 N
2) Calculate friction force:

f_k = μ_k * N
f_k = (0.175)(18.9)
f_k = 3.31 N
3) Net force up the incline:

F_net = F_applied - mgsin(50°) - f_k
F_net = 35.0 - (3.00)(9.81)sin(50°) - 3.31
F_net = 35.0 - 22.6 - 3.31
F_net = 9.09 N
4) Calculate final speed using work-energy:

W_net = ΔKE
F_net * d = ½mv²
v = √(2F_net*d/m)
v = √(2(9.09)(4.00)/3.00)
v = 4.95 m/s
Final answer: The speed after moving 4.00 m up the incline is 4.95 m/s.
Problem 14
Two blocks connected by a rope of negligible mass are being dragged by a horizontal
force F = 68.0 N.
m₁ = 12.0 kg, m₂ = 18.0 kg, and the coefficient of kinetic friction between each block
and the surface is 0.100.
Solution:
(a) Free-body diagram:
Block 1: Applied force (F), friction force (f₁), normal force (N₁), weight (m₁g), tension
(T)
Block 2: Tension (T), friction force (f₂), normal force (N₂), weight (m₂g)
(b) System acceleration:

F_net = ma_system
F - f₁ - f₂ = (m₁ + m₂)a
68.0 - (0.100)(12.0)(9.81) - (0.100)(18.0)(9.81) = (30.0)a
68.0 - 11.8 - 17.7 = 30.0a
38.5 = 30.0a
a = 1.29 m/s²
(c) Tension in rope:

For m₂: T - f₂ = m₂a
T - (0.100)(18.0)(9.81) = (18.0)(1.29)
T - 17.7 = 23.2
T = 27.2 N
Final answers:
(b) System acceleration = 1.29 m/s²
(c) Tension = 27.2 N
Problem 7
Consider a large truck carrying a heavy load, such as steel beams.
A significant hazard for the driver is that the load may slide forward, crushing the cab, if
the truck stops suddenly in an accident or even in braking.
Assume, for example, that a 10,000 kg load sits on the flatbed of a 20,000 kg truck
moving at 12.0 m/s.
Assume that the load is not tied down to the truck and has a coefficient of friction of
0.500 with the flatbed of the truck.
Solution:
(a) Minimum stopping distance:
Use the formula: d = v²/(2μg)
d = (12.0)²/(2 * 0.500 * 9.81)
d = 14.7 m
(b) Unnecessary data:

Neither mass is needed for the calculation.
Final answers: (a) 14.7 m, (b) Neither mass is needed.
Problem 8
To meet a U.S. Postal Service requirement, employees' footwear must have a coefficient
of static friction of 0.5 or more on a specified tile surface.
A typical athletic shoe has a coefficient of static friction of 0.800.
In an emergency, what is the minimum time interval in which a person starting from rest
can move 3.00 m on the tile surface if she is wearing:
Solution:
(a) Footwear meeting the Postal Service minimum:
Use the formula: t = √(2s/μg)
t = √(2 * 3.00 / (0.500 * 9.81))
t = 1.11 s
(b) A typical athletic shoe:

t = √(2 * 3.00 / (0.800 * 9.81))
t = 0.875 s
Final answers: (a) 1.11 s, (b) 0.875 s
Problem 9
A 102 kg crate is being pushed across a level floor at a constant speed by a force of 300
N directed at an angle of 20.0° below the horizontal.
Solution:
(a) Coefficient of kinetic friction:
N = mg - F_applied * sin(20.0°)
F_friction = F_applied * cos(20.0°)
μ_k = F_friction / N
μ_k = (300 * cos(20.0°)) / (102 * 9.81 - 300 * sin(20.0°))
μ_k = 0.256
(b) Acceleration when pulling:

N = mg + F_applied * sin(20.0°)
F_net = F_applied * cos(20.0°) - μ_k * N
a = F_net / m
a = (300 * cos(20.0°) - 0.256 * (102 * 9.81 + 300 * sin(20.0°))) / 102
a = 0.514 m/s²
Final answers: (a) μ_k = 0.256, (b) a = 0.514 m/s²
Problem 10
A 3.00 kg block starts from rest at the top of a 30.0° incline and slides a distance of 2.00
m down the incline in 1.50 s.
Solution:
(a) Magnitude of acceleration:
s = ut + ½at²
2.00 = 0 + ½a(1.50)²
a = 1.78 m/s²
(b) Coefficient of kinetic friction:

a = gsin(θ) - μ_k * gcos(θ)
μ_k = (gsin(θ) - a) / gcos(θ)
μ_k = (9.81sin(30.0°) - 1.78) / (9.81cos(30.0°))
μ_k = 0.368
(c) Force of friction:

N = mgcos(30.0°)
F_friction = 0.368 * (3.00 * 9.81 * cos(30.0°))
F_friction = 9.37 N
(d) Speed after sliding 2.00 m:

v = u + at
v = 0 + 1.78 * 1.50
v = 2.67 m/s
Final answers: (a) a = 1.78 m/s², (b) μ_k = 0.368, (c) F_friction = 9.37 N, (d) v = 2.67
m/s

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Physics 121 Section 5 Homework

2) Distance up the incline:

Final answer: The block slides 3.73 m up the incline.

(b) Speed after sliding 2.00 m:

2) Total force needed (including weight component):

Final answer: The magnitude of the force is 690 N.

(b) Speed at the top of the ramp:

Final answers: (a) 1.98 m/s², (b) 3.98 m/s

(b) Coefficient of kinetic friction:

Final answers: (a) μ_s = 0.306, (b) μ_k = 0.245

(b) Net force in x-direction:

(d) Required coefficient of kinetic friction for a = 7.00 m/s²:

2) Calculate friction force:

3) Net force up the incline:

4) Calculate final speed using work-energy:

(b) System acceleration:

(c) Tension in rope:

(b) Unnecessary data:

(b) A typical athletic shoe:

Final answers: (a) 1.11 s, (b) 0.875 s

(b) Acceleration when pulling:

Final answers: (a) μ_k = 0.256, (b) a = 0.514 m/s²

(b) Coefficient of kinetic friction:

(c) Force of friction:

(d) Speed after sliding 2.00 m:

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