Java Queue

The Queue interface of the Java collections framework provides the functionality of the queue data
structure. It extends the Collection interface.

Classes that Implement Queue

Since the Queue is an interface,, we cannot provide the direct implementation of it.
In order to use the functionalities of Queue , we need to use classes that implement it:
 ArrayDeque
 LinkedList
 PriorityQueue

Interfaces that extend Queue

The Queue interface is also extended by various subinterfaces:
 Deque

 BlockingQueue

 BlockingDeque

Working of Queue Data Structure

In queues, elements are stored and accessed in First In, First Out manner. That is, elements
are added from the behind and removed from the front.
 In Java, we
must import java.util.Queue package in order to use Queue .

// LinkedList implementation of Queue

Queue<String> animal1 = new LinkedList<>();

// Array implementation of Queue

Queue<String> animal2 = new ArrayDeque<
ArrayDeque<>();

// Priority Queue implementation of Queue

Queue<String> animal3 = new PriorityQueue<>();

Here, we have created objects animal1 , animal2 and animal3 of

classes LinkedList , ArrayDeque and PriorityQueue respectively. These objects can use the
functionalities of the Queue interface.

Methods of Queue
The Queue interface includes all the methods of the Collection interface. It is because Collection is
the super interface of Queue .

Some of the commonly used methods of the Queue interface are:

 add() - Inserts the specified element into the queue. If the task is successful, add() returns true , if
not it throws an exception.
 offer() - Inserts the specified element into the queue. If the
th task is
successful, offer() returns true , if not it returns false .

 element() - Returns the head of the queue. Throws an exception if the queue is empty.
 peek() - Returns the head of the queue. Returns null if the queue is empty.
 remove() - Returns and removes
moves the head of the queue. Throws an exception if the queue is
empty.
 poll() - Returns and removes the head of the queue. Returns null if the queue is empty.

Implementation of the Queue Interface

1. Implementing the LinkedList Class
import java.util.Queue;

import java.util.LinkedList;

class Main {

public static void main(String[] args) {

// Creating Queue using the LinkedList class

Queue<Integer> numbers = new LinkedList<>();

 // offer elements to the Queue

numbers.offer(1);

numbers.offer(2);

numbers.offer(3);

System.out.println("Queue: " + numbers);

// Access elements of the Queue

int accessedNumber = numbers.peek();

System.out.println("Accessed Element: " + accessedNumber);

// Remove elements from the Queue

int removedNumber = numbers.poll();

System.out.println("Removed Element: " + removedNumber);

System.out.println("Updated Queue: " + numbers);

Output

Queue: [1, 2, 3]
Accessed Element: 1
Removed Element: 1
Updated Queue: [2, 3]

To learn more, visit Java LinkedList.

2. Implementing the PriorityQueue Class

import java.util.Queue;

import java.util.PriorityQueue;

class Main {

public static void main(String[] args) {

// Creating Queue using the PriorityQueue class

Queue<Integer> numbers = new PriorityQueue<>();

// offer elements to the Queue

numbers.offer(5);

numbers.offer(1);

numbers.offer(2);

System.out.println("Queue: " + numbers);

 // Access elements of the Queue

int accessedNumber = numbers.peek();

System.out.println("Accessed Element: " + accessedNumber);

// Remove elements from the Queue

int removedNumber = numbers.poll();

System.out.println("Removed Element: " + removedNumber);

System.out.println("Updated Queue: " + numbers);

Output

Queue: [1, 5, 2]
Accessed Element: 1
Removed Element: 1
Updated Queue: [2, 5]

Java PriorityQueue
The PriorityQueue class provides the functionality of the heap data structure.
It implements the Queue interface
interface.

Unlike normal queues, priority queue elements are retrieved in sorted order.

Suppose, we want to retrieve elements in the ascending order. In this case, the head of the
priority queue will be the smallest element. Once this element is retrieved, the next smallest
element will be the head of the
he queue.

It is important to note that the elements of a priority queue may not be sorted. However, elements
are always retrieved in sorted order.
 Creating PriorityQueue
In order to create a priority queue, we must import the java.util.PriorityQueue package. Once we
import the package, here is how we can create a priority queue in Java.

PriorityQueue<Integer> numbers = new PriorityQueue<>();

Here, we have created a priority queue without any arguments. In this case, the head of the
priority queue is the smallest element of the queue. And elements are removed in ascending
order from the queue.

However, we can customize the ordering of elements with the help of the Comparator interface. We
will learn about that later in this tutorial.

Methods of PriorityQueue
The PriorityQueue class provides the implementation of all the methods present in
the Queue interface.

Insert Elements to PriorityQueue

 add() - Inserts the specified element to the queue. If the queue is full, it throws an exception.
 offer() - Inserts the specified element to the queue. If the queue is full, it returns false .

For example,
import java.util.PriorityQueue;

class Main {

public static void main(String[] args) {

// Creating a priority queue

PriorityQueue<Integer> numbers = new PriorityQueue<>();

// Using the add() method

numbers.add(4);

numbers.add(2);

System.out.println("PriorityQueue: " + numbers);

// Using the offer() method

numbers.offer(1);

System.out.println("Updated PriorityQueue: " + numbers);

} }

Output

PriorityQueue: [2, 4]
Updated PriorityQueue: [1, 4, 2]