Introduction to

Communication
The Nature of Communication

Is communication in a simple
or a complex process?
The Nature of Communication

As one of the essential activities of the

human race, communication is
transmission of thoughts from one mind
to others. It is a process in which people
share thoughts, ideas, and feelings with
each other (Flores & Lopez, 2003).
 Also, we can say that communication is a dual or
two-way process of transmitting messages (Diaz,
2005).
 The
Communication
Process
 For communication to take place, there
must be five factors involved: the sender,
the message, the channel, the receiver,
and feedback (Diaz, 2005).
Sender: the speaker of the communicator who has his/her
own purpose, knowledge, interest, attitudes, skills, and
credibility

Message: the idea being transmitted by the sender to the

listener. It includes the three aspects of message: content,
structure, and style.

Channel: the medium or vehicle through which the message

is sent. It may be verbal or visual. The latter is often
supplemented with the pictorial and aural channels.
Receiver: the target of the communication. He/she
is the destination of the message, the listener with
his/her own purposes, knowledge and interest
levels, attitudes, and listening skills.

Feedback: the reaction given by the listener to the

sender of the message. It is what completes the
communication process.
 In the process of communication, the turn where the receiver
changes its role from decoder to encoder is called turn-taking. Turn-
taking process is essential in a communication process in order to keep
the communication going and expanding.
WHY DO PEOPLE
COMMUNICATE?
NO MAN IS AN
ISLAND
 A MAN IS A
SOCIAL ANIMAL
IN NATURE
 WHAT IS
COMMUNICATION?
 Communication according to
Pace et. al (1979), is a
technique to be learned and
mastered.
Human society cannot
function without
communication
DO WE HAVE TO BE A
GOOD SPEAKER TO
COMMUNICATE?
People “CANNOT NOT COMMUNICATE”
We engage in conversations, dialogues,
committee meetings, group discussions,
public speaking, and organizational or
cultural interchanges.
DO YOU THINK GENDER
IFLUENCE
MISCOMMUNICATION?
HOW ABOUT
CULTURE?
Communication is what connects us as
human beings.

Society cannot function without

communication, whether it is face-to-face
conversation across a dinner table or
video conferencing across international
boundaries.
COMMUNICATION

IS AN INTRICATE PROCESS OF
SHARING IDEAS, THOUGHTS
AND INFORMATION.
A communication
involves a transaction
A person wants to talk to
someone because one
needs something.
Communication:
Is an intricate process of sharing
ideas, thoughts, and information,
best illustrated by the models of
communication.
Communication
is for the
common good
 communication
Is stirring up ideas in the mind of
another. It is the sharing of ideas
among a group of people. It is imparting
concepts to an audience. (Monroe et al.
1982)
 Elements of communication

a. Speaker
crafts the message accordingly and decides
how to deliver it.
b. Message
this is what needed to be
transferred. This is central to the
process because the point of
communicating is to say “something”.
 The message to be sent is
based on;
WHY the speaker wants to say it (to inform
or persuade)
WHAT the speaker wants to say
HOW the speaker wants to say it
c. Listener
someone who receives the
message.
d. Channels
are the means by which the message is
sent.
5 channels;
e. Response
the only way for the speaker to
know that the message has been
received.
f. Feedback
result of monitoring by the speaker
of the listener’s response.
g. Noise
any barrier in communication.

Types of noise
Physical Noise
Physiological Noise
h. Communicative Situation
2 components;
Physical location
Psychological setting
 THE PROCESS OF
ORAL COMMUNICATION
 ORAL COMMUNICATION

the sound of a representation of a

language and it consists of the
speaking and listening processes.
In SPEAKING, the process In LISTENING, it begins with
begins with expression of ecpression as heard in the
ideas through association context, followed by recall of
with words. content through association
between expression and ideas.

These two processes happen simultaneously in oral

communication.
WHY IS LEARNING HOW TO
COMMUNICATE
EFFECTIVELY IMPORTANT?
Possessing excellent oral communication
skills is adavantageous to students and
professionals fields because it will make
them very articulate, convincing, credible,
educated and professional, but not
“intimidating”.
Communication is the
process of mutual interaction
of people through sensory
stimuli

sensory stimuli- anything

that brings about a response
in the nervous system, the
sensory system or the
feelings of a person.
In oral communication,
the voice is the main channel of
communication.

THERE ARE 7 STAGES IN THE ACT OF

TRASMITTING MESSAGES BETWEEN A
SPEAKER AND A LISTENER.
 Stage 1: STIMULUS
The process starts with a
stimulus such as an idea, a
startling news, a
disagreeable remark or a
positive comment that
activates the sensory
processes of a person whom
we shall identify as the
SENDER of the message.
Flowers for you Jen.

STIMULUS: Bryan giving Jen a

boquet of flowers.
 STAGE 2: TRANSMISSION
The stimulus is transmitted by
the nerve fibers to the brain Why is he giving
which in turn recognizes the me flowers?
event.
Its perception is affected by
the sender's experience,
environment, or culture. Should I accept
The sender's brain identifies this?
the event and evaluates it.
As the brain evaluates, the sender feels that he
must react by saying something about the event,
so his though processes activate.

Should I turn him down

Am I going to say that
I don't like him and leave?
harshly or should I console
him first?
STAGE 3: ENCODING
The sender's Instead
thoughtsofare If ever
being harshthe sender of the
being encoded
and say he's intonot
message
my type thinks in a language
language symbols or words that the receiver does not
and I don't want to
which must be in the same understand or will find
accept
language that his
the feelings, I'll just tellthen
listener offensive, him he must
that I am not yetrearrange
knows and understand. ready to be or rephrase his
in a relationship.
symbols into a language
which he thinks is right.
 STAGE 4: SPEAKING
What channels will
Now the speaker is ready to the speaker use to
say his thoughts aloud in the impart her message?
language and the symbols She may use
she has chosen. her voice, touch,
She is now ready to physical
“externalize” his thoughts into appearances, bodily
the environment. movement, facial
expressions,
gestures, and other
available means.
I am not yet ready to be in a
relationship. Sorry Bryan.
 STAGE 5: RECEIVER OF THE ACTION
The sounds containing the Having a field of
message are heard and the experience, the receiver will
gestures that accompany them also evaluate what the
are seen by the speaker said based on his
receiver/listener. memories, attitudes, feelings,
He senses what is happening cognition, all of which that
because his visual and auditory can influence his response or
nerves are activated by the the way of his thinking.
sound (voice) and stimuli
(gestures)
FIELD OF EXPERIENCE
It is everything that makes a person unique- everything
he/she has ever learned, heard, watched, seen, read and
studied.
In other words, it is everything a person has ever
experienced or not experienced, done or not done.
In fact this is everything that has ever happened in his/her
whole life.
 STAGE 6: DECODING
The receiver now decodes from sound
to language and encodes from thoughs
to words.
He chooses a language which the
sender will understand and utters his
response.
 But according to the
book that I have read. If you
really want someone
you'll fight for them
The listener now Should I be persistent?
Or should I respect her
changes his role by decision?
becoming the
sender of the
response.
 STAGE 7: RESPONDING
The response is now carried
Jen, I will prove to you that what
by the wave lengths first I feel is true. So, I will wait.
speaker, the original source
of the message.
LET US GENERALIZE THE PROCESS
1. The sender of the message first receives the stimuli
from the environment. He forms his own ideas to these
stimuli and encodes them so that they can be trasmitted
as message.
2. The message is organized and encoded in a
language understood by both actors. This message is
transferred orally through channels for sound and light
waves which are the carriers of the message.
3. An element that may interfere with or break the
whole process is noise which distort hearing and
comprehension. There are also visual interferences,
such as people coming in and out of a room, as well as
distractions, such as poorly ventilated and uncomfortable
room.
4. The receiver receives the encoded message and
organizes his response by decoding the information and
encoding his response; he transmits his response through
a channel that is accessible to both sender and receiver.
Feedback is very important in oral communication for it
makes the whole process a dynamic, two-way interactive
event.
Two-way communication is when one person is the
sender and they transmit a message to another person, who
is the receiver. When the receiver gets the message, they
send back a response, acknowledging the message was
received.(EUGENE WHITE's CYCLICAL MODEL)