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10 views10 pages

080634

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Po Yo
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© © All Rights Reserved
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1.

Създаване на Европейския съюз -


цели и ценности

5. Европа на гражданите: политики за


равноправие и възможности за
гражданско участие

11. Надзорни и контролни функции


на Европейския парламент. Изборът
на председател на Европейската
комисия
1.

The European Union (EU) originated in


the aftermath of World War II as a
means to foster peace, stability, and
economic cooperation among
European nations. The initial steps
were taken in 1951 with the European
Coal and Steel Community (ECSC),
bringing together six founding
countries: Belgium, France, Germany,
Italy, Luxembourg, and the
Netherlands. In 1957, these countries
signed the Treaty of Rome, creating the
European Economic Community (EEC)
to establish a common market, and
laying the groundwork for today’s EU.
Over the decades, the EU expanded
both its membership and scope,
adopting the Maastricht Treaty in 1993,
which formally created the European
Union and introduced elements like a
common currency, the euro.
Subsequent treaties strengthened the
EU’s framework and extended its
competencies in areas like foreign
policy, justice, and environmental
protection. Today, the EU includes 27
member states, representing a blend of
economic integration and political
cooperation.
The EU is driven by core goals and
values: promoting peace, democracy,
and prosperity. It prioritizes
human rights, freedom, equality, and
rule of law, aiming to create a safe, just,
and prosperous union. The EU also
emphasizes environmental
sustainability, technological innovation,
and social inclusion, fostering
collaboration to address global
challenges like climate change and
digital transformation.
By balancing national sovereignty with
collective action, the EU strives to
enhance the lives of its citizens while
reinforcing Europe's role on the global
stage.
5.

The European Union (EU) is committed


to promoting equality and creating
opportunities for active citizen
involvement across its member states.
As a fundamental principle, the EU
strives to eliminate discrimination and
ensure equal treatment for all,
regardless of gender, race, disability,
age, or sexual orientation. This
commitment is embedded in the EU’s
Charter of Fundamental Rights, which
mandates equality, human dignity, and
respect for diversity.

To advance these values, the EU has


developed policies aimed at increasing
social and economic inclusion, such as
the Gender Equality Strategy and the
European Pillar of Social Rights. These
frameworks work to close gender pay
gaps, improve work-life balance, and
promote diversity in the workplace. The
EU also supports marginalized
communities through initiatives that
address poverty, unemployment, and
educational inequalities, seeking to
create a fairer society for all citizens.
Citizen involvement is another
cornerstone of EU democracy. The EU
provides numerous avenues for public
participation, such as the European
Citizens’ Initiative (ECI), which enables
citizens to directly propose new
policies. Additionally, EU citizens vote
in European Parliament elections every
five years, ensuring democratic
representation and accountability. The
EU also engages citizens in
policymaking through consultations,
public debates, and outreach programs,
emphasizing transparency and
encouraging a more connected and
participatory Europe.

Through these measures, the EU aims


to build a union where equal
opportunities and active involvement
are accessible to all, strengthening the
foundations of an inclusive and
democratic Europe.
11.

The European Parliament (EP) plays a


crucial role in overseeing and guiding
the European Union’s decision-making
processes, acting as a democratic
check on the EU’s executive and
administrative functions. One of the
Parliament’s primary supervisory
responsibilities is to monitor the
European Commission, which acts as
the EU’s executive body. To ensure
accountability, the Parliament reviews
Commission activities, questions
Commissioners, and can pass motions
of censure, which, if supported by a
two-thirds majority, could lead to the
Commission's collective resignation.

Additionally, the European Parliament


evaluates the work of other EU
institutions, such as the European
Council and the European Central Bank
(ECB), to ensure transparency and
effective governance. The EP regularly
reviews reports from these bodies,
conducts hearings, and issues
resolutions to guide EU policies and
operations.

A central function of the European


Parliament is its role in the election of
the President of the
European Commission. Following the
European elections, the European
Council proposes a candidate for
Commission President, taking into
account the results of the elections.
This candidate is then subject to
approval by the Parliament, which votes
to confirm or reject them by an absolute
majority. This process, known as the
“Spitzenkandidat” (lead candidate)
system, strengthens the democratic
legitimacy of the Commission
President, linking their appointment to
the political will of European voters.

Through these supervisory and


electoral powers, the European
Parliament ensures that the EU
remains accountable to its citizens,
supporting a transparent and
responsive governance framework.

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