193 MIDDLE EUROPEAN SCIENTIFIC BULLETIN ISSN 2694-9970

The Emergence and Development of Ethnolinguistics

Ubaydullaevna Yulduz Nurova
Teacher of the Department of Primary Education Methods,
Bukhara State University

ABSTRACT
The end of the 19th century, In the second half of the 20th century, a new branch of linguistics,
Ethnolinguistics has been emerged. Ethnolinguistics studies the relationship between ethnic culture and
language. Ethnolinguistics - (ethno from the Greek éthnos - people, tribes, ethnolinguistic;
ethnolinguistics, anthropological linguistics) reflects the peculiarities of the understanding of the world
by ethnic groups, the connection and relationship between linguistic and linguistic peoples, the
development of language, language and culture is a field that studies the combined influence of
linguistic and ethnic factors on the functional features of linguistics studied in communication. It
examines the contribution of different ethnic groups to the language and its development, as well as the
similarities, commonalities, or separations between ethnic groups. Ethnolinguistics refers to the ethnic
aspect of language and the linguistic features of an ethnos, ethnolinguistic processes in internal and
interethnic relations, the role of language in the formation and functioning of ethnic communities,
language and traditional culture, ethnic identity of thought, ethnolinguistic classification of world
languages. Ethnolinguistics is an expression of culture in which the task of analyzing the ethnic
characteristics of a people from a linguistic point of view is to inform the reader about it. While
linguistics studies the natural language, its structure and laws, ethnolinguistics reflects the linguistic
expression of folk culture, that is, the customs and traditions reflected in the language, the
paremiological fund of the language, language standards, signs and symbols. , learns language
analogies and metaphors, anthroponyms, forms of speech etiquette.
Key words: Ethnolinguistics, Speech etiquette, Ethnic factors, Language and culture, Comparative
linguistics, Pragmalinguistics, Psycholinguistics, Mythological creativity, Diachronic ethnolinguistics,
History of spiritual culture.

I.Introduction
Today, the rapid development of the market economy, the popularity of modern information
technologies, increasing the economic efficiency of scientific research have led to an increase in the
focus on linguistics - the study of speech efficiency. As a result, new branches of science were formed,
such as ethnolinguistics, sociolinguistics, lingvopragmatics, pragmalinguistics, psycholinguistics.
Linguistics of the new period, which combines these areas, approaches speech as one of the main types
of human activity - the exchange of ideas and influence on others, linguistics, and focuses on the study
of its conciseness, efficiency and effectiveness, logic. puts. In world linguistics, the issue of language
and speech units, levels, and inter-level relationships has been of interest to many linguists. Uzbek
scholars, who have entered the XXI century in the ranks of world linguists, are also connected with such
issues as "Language and society", "Man and his language", "Language and culture", which have not
found their essence in the last century. The tasks are cross-cutting. In order to solve linguistic problems
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that require a lot of hard work, perseverance and talent from linguists, what aspects of language
construction should be focused on, and what research should be done?
1) to further accelerate the pace of research in the field of traditional linguistics, without slowing
down the scope of research in new areas of modern linguistics;
2) the formation and development of ethnolinguistics, which studies the language in close
connection with the folk culture, customs, traditions, character, put forward by I. Gerder in the late
XVIII century and the founder of general linguistics V. Humboldt;
3) to eliminate the recent delay in comparing sister Turkic languages with Uzbek in terms of
comparative linguistics, not only Uzbek and Turkish, but also Uzbek, Kazakh, Turkmen. , to pay serious
attention to the comparison of materials of the Kyrgyz, Karakalpak, Tatar languages, resulting in the
creation of a comparative-historical grammar of the Turkic languages in the Uzbek language;
4) Uzbek linguistics is inconceivable without Turkology, one of its main directions. The
achievements of Uzbek turkologists have been praised in Turkology. They can be commented on when
the time comes. Now, we come to the part where we talk about the middle ground.
a) a comprehensive study of onomastics of the Scythians, Saks, Sarmatians, Kushans, Tokhars, a
careful analysis of the information of ancient Greek, Chinese scholars and historians about the Turkic
tribes;
(b) Carrying out in-depth scientific research on the genetic kinship of the Altaic languages and
the formation of the Turkic, Mongolian and Tungus-Manchu languages on the basis of a single
language;
d) preparation of bibliographic information on Turkology, informing the general public about the
history of Turkology, its current state, etc .;
5) Development of scientific research on the language of the Uzbek press in the 20s and 30s of
the XX century, the problems of the alphabet and spelling, the literary language and the spoken
language of the national revival [9].
There is no doubt that the science of language, which studies the achievements of world
linguistics, analyzes them in all its aspects, and at the same time seeks to take a worthy place in the
methodological debates in linguistics, will achieve significant success in the XXI century. The end of
the 19th century and the second half of the 20th century saw the emergence of a new branch of
linguistics, ethnolinguistics. [6] Because it is a relatively young field, there is still no clear scientific
understanding of certain theories of its internal structure. It is impossible to imagine the culture of any
nation without separating it from its traditions, customs and values. There are many different
nationalities and ethnic groups in the world, all of which are radically different in the language and
dialect of their national culture. Linguistics is the study of these areas of language from a linguistic
point of view. Linguistics describes the social nature of language, its function, internal structure, the
laws of operation of a particular language, its historical development. So the areas of language are also
infinite. In particular, ethnolinguistics studies the relationship between ethnic culture and language [4].
Ethnolinguistics - (ethno from the Greek éthnos - people, tribes, ethnolinguistic; ethnolinguistics,
anthropological linguistics) reflects the peculiarities of the understanding of the world by ethnic groups,
the connection and relationship between linguistic and linguistic peoples, the development of language,
language and culture is a field that studies the combined influence of linguistic and ethnic factors on the
functional features of linguistics studied in communication. Ethnolinguistics examines the contribution

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of different ethnic groups to language and its development, as well as the similarities, commonalities, or
separations between ethnoses. Uses the scientific results of linguistics, such as ethnic onomastics, areal
linguistics, social linguistics, psycholinguistics, paralinguistics, ethnology, folklore, mythology, poetics,
linguistic geography, dialectology, language history, ethnolinguistics. Ethnolinguistics is especially
useful in the study of the ethnography of illiterate peoples, and in the collection and study of linguistic
material related to the ethnic characteristics of their languages. [11] Ethnolinguistics refers to the ethnic
aspect of language and the linguistic features of an ethnos, ethnolinguistic processes in internal and
interethnic relations, the role of language in the formation and functioning of ethnic communities,
language and traditional culture, ethnic identity of thought, ethnolinguistic classification of world
languages. Because ethnolinguistics is a coherent science and not fully formed, there are different
opinions about its boundaries, object, and subject. [10] The tasks of ethnolinguistics include the use of
the language of different language situations and social groups, the analysis of attitudes to it. In
addition, ethnolinguistic problems include topical issues such as the origin of the people, the history of
the material and spiritual culture of the people; the history of the formation of a linguistic picture of the
world of a particular nation; language policy of the state; examines issues such as human rights and its
language.
Ethnolinguistics is divided into two areas:
1. Diachronic ethnolinguistics - uses language and linguistic methods to study the past, history
and culture of a people;
2. Synchronous ethnolinguistics - considers the language and methods of linguistics as a method
of studying and solving current social and national problems. [10]
II.Literature rewiew
The idea of the connection between language and man was first formalized as a scientific theory
in the works of W. Humboldt (1767-1835). By its very nature, comparative historical linguistics
simultaneously formed one of the subject directions of ethnolinguistics, the ancient ethnic history of
speakers of language families, the development of ethnolinguistic ideas that emerged in the early
twentieth century, first, F. de Saussure The systematic theory of linguistics, developed by (1857-1913):
"The traditions of a nation are reflected in its language, on the other hand, it is the language that shapes
the nation" contributes to the formation of structuralism in ethnography, including the Leiden school,
cognitive anthropology, secondary modeling systems, etc. but the formation of ethnolinguistics as an
independent science is related to the work of American scholars such as F. Boas. In the hypothesis of
linguistic relativity, developed by Sapir (1884-1939) and B. Wharf (1897-1941), the term
ethnolinguistics first appeared in the modern sense and appeared in the United States in the second half
of the twentieth century. In linguistics, language and culture, language and the human factor, language
and history were first studied by V. von Humboldt, A. Weisgerber, L. Bloomfield, E. Sepir, Baudouin
de Courtenay, A.A. Potebnya, A.A. Shakhmatov. noted by Russian linguists. In world linguistics, the
study of text on the basis of anthropocentric paradigm, ethnolinguistics, linguistic semantics,
linguocognitology, psycholinguistics, linguoculturology, pragmatics. In particular, N.Khomskiy,
U.Cheyf, BASerebrennikov, LVShcherba, YNStepanov, IRGalperin, NIKaraulov, NIJinkin,
A.A.Leontev, J.Lakoff, A.Vejbiskaya, ESKubryakova, E.Rosh, VP Anthropocentrism of the language
system in the works of linguists such as Belyanin, V.Z.Demyankov, V.A.Maslova, T.M.Dridze,
K.F.Sedov, A.Nurmonov, N.M. Mahmudov, E.A.Begmatov, Sh. Safarov, S. Boymirzayeva, I. Azimova

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studied on the basis of the principles [14]. Professor N.Mahmudov's article "In search of ways to perfect
the study of language…" provides an in-depth and well-founded account of the essence of
ethnolinguistics, linguoculturology, the anthropocentric paradigm in general, and the problems in this
regard. [7] The essence of ethnology as a complex science that studies language through the prism of
human consciousness, mentality, daily ritual behavior, mythological ideas and mythopoetic creativity is
revealed in the research of the famous Slavicist of the twentieth century, founder of the ethnolinguistic
school NITolstoy and his students and partners [8 ]. T.A.Agapkina, L.N.Vinogradova, A.V.Gura,
A.F.Zhuravlev, S.E.Nikitina, S.M.Tolstoy and others. The theme (problem) of the relationship between
language and culture has been successfully developed by br. Grimm, the founder of the world-famous
mythological school in Russia, found its continuation in the works of AN Afanasyev, FI Buslaev, AA
Potebnya and other 19th century scientists; later - in the works of twentieth-century scholars who
showed a tendency to the problem of "language and culture": DK Zelenina, V.Ivanov, YM Lotman, VN
Toporov, BA Uspensky, AAShakhmatova and others. In the research of contemporary scholars working
in the field of cultural linguistics and linguistic folklore EBArtemenko, VVKrasnykh, VAMaslova,
ATXrolenko. The relationship between language and popular mentality has been identified in the
research of historians, ethnologists: K. Levi-Strauss, SV Luri, M. Mid, LN Pushkareva and others. [6]
III.Materials and Methods
The development of cognitive interest in ethnolinguistic problems has been achieved through the
selection of the best methods and teaching methods. Active involvement of experts in the information
system based on ethnic culture materials is a great opportunity to develop the independent, creative
personality of the future researcher. Ethnos is a language is a group of people who speak, recognize
their common origins and the process of common formation, and have a number of customs and
traditions that distinguish them from other peoples [9]. The subject matter of ethnolinguistics is covered
by two broad concepts: ―sociolinguistics‖ and ―anthropological linguistics‖, which explore the
interrelationships between language and society, language and culture. There are dozens and hundreds
of studies on the ethnic features of speech and the role of language in society, ethnic semantics, the
semiotic nature of language and culture, the restoration of ancient linguistic and historical features, and
so on. Although all of these studies are very actively developing around the world, they are not
combined with a single scientific theory and, like themselves, usually exist in close connection with any
of the relevant disciplines (sociology, history, pedagogy, etc.). In English-speaking countries, the term
ethnolinguistics is often understood in modern usage as a study of the hypothesis of linguistic relativity
or the study of popular taxonomic categories. The separation of the influence of language and ethnicity
is for research purposes only, and this separation is of a relative nature, in fact it is a continuous and
integral process in which it takes place as a whole. Ethnolinguistics examines the contribution of ethnic
groups to language and its development, as well as the similarities, commonalities, or separations
between ethnic groups in the process. Ethnolinguistics is the field of linguistics that studies the
relationship and relationship between a people, a nation, an ethnic group and its language on the basis of
the principle of the commonality of ethnolinguistic ethnic culture and ethnic language. It basically
works in two ways:
- to study the ethnolinguistic features of the people on a descriptive basis;
- to study the ethnolinguistic features of the people on a recommendatory basis.
- The first goal can be conditionally called an external goal and the second an internal goal.

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- The relationship between language and ethnicity, the process of their interaction in two ways:
- The influence of ethnic factors (customs, traditions, philosophical, religious views, etc.) on
language development;
- The influence of the linguistic factor on the development of ethnos (and ethnicity) [8] .
IV.Analysis аnd results
The results of the scientific analysis show that folk culture should be studied in ethnic, regional
and dialectal forms and language is the main source for studying national culture. Culture, like natural
language, is understood by many researchers as a system of signs, a semiotic system, or a language in
the semiotic sense of the word. The Uzbek language and Uzbek culture, especially paremas, are
radically different in their dialectal forms. It should also be borne in mind that modern liberal art
education is characterized by a transition to an anthropological (or anthropocentric) paradigm, that is,
culture and language are closely intertwined with man - his consciousness, thinking, subject-practical
and spiritual activity. The study is carried out through ethnolinguistic analysis of language
paremological units. The main source in this approach is the understanding of the integrity of culture,
that is, the ethnolinguistics that perceives the semantic unity of all its forms and genres (language, ritual,
belief, folk art, parema units) and creates human culture. Such a holistic approach to the study of ethnic
culture is ethnolinguistics - "the study of language through the prism of human consciousness,
mentality, daily and ritual movements, mythological ideas and mythopedic creativity" or in another
formula of the same authors This is done with the help of "complex science to learn." Spiritual culture
and its language. Ethnolinguistics is a very important subject in the professional training of specialists in
the ethnic culture of the people, because there is a gap in the study of the language of traditional folk
culture. According to diagnostic data, most people do not know the origin of ethnic units in a language,
all the possibilities of the language, they do not have enough knowledge of linguistic terminology,
cultural terminology. The observed results show that the necessary methodological literature (programs,
textbooks, etc.), textbooks are not available - this is in the system of training specialists in the study of
ethnic culture of the people and the creation of scientific innovations in this area. is another proof of the
relevance of ethnolinguistics. [6]
V.Conclusion
The study provides an opportunity to study ethnolinguistics from the point of view of folk
culture, customs, paremas and several ethnic aspects of nations and peoples in terms of language,
revealing the huge potential for professional training of linguists. The word goes deeper and more
consciously into the origin of language,
―Ethnolinguistics‖ helps to study ethnic culture. As we have seen, ethnolinguistic training is
necessary for a specialist who seeks the linguistic aspect of future folk culture, as it allows for more
careful and in-depth study of cultural texts, ethnography based on ethnolinguistic knowledge helps to
better understand the regional features of folk customs and traditions; creates a holistic view of folk
culture, provides a deeper knowledge of things, rituals and beliefs; the ability to describe the national
mentality through language and cultural texts, to distinguish between everyday and folklore texts and to
find a common language in them; fosters an attitude towards the national language and culture in
general; develops the ability to preserve the vernacular. Introducing expert linguists to dialectal texts
provides additional material on the way of life, customs and worldview of our ancestors. Knowing and
knowing how to create maps allows you to explore the ethnic culture of the area geographically.

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Middle European Scientific Bulletin, VOLUME 8 January 2021