Wound & Its Management
Wound & Its Management
Wound & Its Management
A wound is defined as a breach or disruption in the normal continuity of tissue in any body part.
The wounds are mainly caused by physical, chemical or biological insult.
CLASSIFICATION
OF WOUNDS
2nd degree - larger vessels are ruptured leading to the formation of hematoma.
3rd degree – tissues are damaged and gangrene may set in;
Seroma: it is a closed collection of serum probably as a result of chronic hematoma in body tissues.
Haematoma: is a collection of blood in an abnormal cavity.
Common sites:
In cow – mammary vein, vaginal
mucous membrane
In Bull – penis
Dog – ear flap, vaginal mucous
membrane
TYPES OF WOUND
INCISED WOUNDS
CAUSED BY VARIOUS
TYPES OF POISONS OR
TOXINS
BITE WOUNDS
INFLICTED BY SNAKES,
ANTS, WASP, SCORPION
ETC.
ASEPTIC
WOUND
NO INFECTION
ENCOUNTERED.
SEPTIC WOUND OR
INFECTED WOUND
Micro-organism have invaded
the tissues and started
multiplying. A contaminated
wound may become infected
after a lag period of 6-8 hours.
CONTAMINATED
WOUND
Micro-organisms are present.
Strictly speaking all wound
other than aseptic wounds are
contaminated wounds.
CRUSH WOUND
Is one in which severity of
trauma is maximum and the
status of tissue is completely
distorted. Such types of wounds
are usually encountered in
accidents and very much prone
to necrosis/ gangrene.
MAGGOT WOUND
wound in which substantial tissue from the
body is lost during injury. It occurs mostly in
horn and hoofs.
AVULSION WOUND
GRANULATED
WOUND
IS ONE IN WHICH
EXCESSIVE GRANULATION
TISSUE IS PRESENT.
WOUND HEALING
.
WOUND HEALING IS THE RESTORATION OF THE CONTINUITY
First Intension or primary healing: It occurs in clean incised wound
with proper apposition of the incised edges e.g. surgical incisions.
Primary healing results in to very little granulation tissue and minimal
scarring and contracture.
PHASES OF
WOUND HEALING
Proliferative phase
Remodeling phase
FACTORS AFFECTING WOUND HEALING
There are 2 factors affecting of wound healing
1. Local factors
2. Systemic factors
Local factors
• Surgical technique Dehydration and edema
• Tissue vascularity or oxygen Radiation and cytotoxic drugs
• Mechanical stress Wound infection
• Movement Antiseptics
• Extent of wound surface Bandaging and biological dressing
• Hemorrhage
• Foreign bodies
• Dehydration and edema
SYSTEMIC FACTORS
• Age
• Obesity
• Vitamins deficiency
• Malnutrition / hyoproteinaemia
• Anemia and hypoxia
2. Wound dehiscence
3. Traumatic neuralgia
5. Traumatic emphysema
6. Tetanus
8. Sinus
9. Fistula
10. Cellulites
12. adhesions
MANAGEMENT OF SURGICAL / CLEAN / ASEPTIC WOUNDS
• Dry as possible.
• Blood clots and debris should be completely removed.
• use of antiseptic or antibiotic .
• Dressing.
• Suture should be removed after 10 days.
• Antimicrobial therapy
• The infected wound should be bandaged until it is completely covered by epithelium.
• The dressing should be changed daily for 7 days.
• Generally, infected and deep penetrating wounds are not sutured unless infection is well controlled.
1. Autograft: The recipient and donor sites are on the same animal.
2. Allograft: The recipient and donor sites are on genetically different animal of same species.
3. Xenograft: The recipient and donor sites are on animal of different species.
4. Isograft: The recipient and donor sites are between identical twins.
• Parentral antibiotics for 4-5 days and antiseptic dressing till suture removal are indicated