UNIT 2 CLIMATE
UNIT 2 CLIMATE
UNIT 2 CLIMATE
Climate: Measurement of Climatic elements in a given region over long periods of time
(30 years). Climate is what you expect, weather is what you get.
Climactic Elements:
1. Monsoon rainfall : originate from the bay of Bengal, move east to west, due to
low pressure on land give rainfall to Bangladesh, India reach Pakistan at the tall
end, and give rainfall to Northern, North western and Eastern sides of Pakistan.
Local monsoon starts from Arabian sea.
2. Western depression: blow from Mediterranean sea in winter and after crossing to
Iran and Afghanistan on enter to Western side of Pakistan.
4. Relief rainfall: only in NM due to move evapotranspiration give rain and create
rain shadow area (Gilgit)
5. Tropical eyelashes: originate over Arabian Sea, give unreliable rain with
destructive winds.
Climactic zones
c) Arid climate:
• Three deserts
• High evaporation
• Nomadic lifestyle
• Animal rearing
• Maritime climate
• Low rain
• Fishing is practice
• Water shortage
• Do indoor activities
• Less work
• No farming in winter
• Road blocked
• Less trade
• Melting of snow
• Heavy monsoon
• Cutting of trees
Effects of floods
• Crops destroyed
• Trade stopped
• Electricity disruption
• Alluvium deposited
• HEP effected
• Fish production
1. Building of dam
3. Strengthening of embankments
Causes of droughts
• Unreliability of rainfalls
• Deforestation
• Water wastage
• Disputes on distribution of water
• Over grazing
Factors affecting temperature of Pakistan
5. Latitude of the angle of the sun: If angle of sun high temperature high, If low
temperature low.