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Lectures 21

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Lectures 21

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tanveer1111110
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MTS 231 Actuating System

Dr. Basharat Ullah

Week 11

Department of Mechatronics
College of Electrical and Mechanical
Engineering
The Internal Generated Voltage Equation of Real DC Machine

❑ The induced voltage in any given machine depends on three factors:


o The flux ϕ in the machine
o The speed 𝜔𝑚 of the machine’s rotor
o A constant depending on the construction of the machine
❑ The voltage out of the armature of a real dc machine is equal to the number of
conductors per current path times the voltage on each conductor.
❑ The voltage in any single conductor under the pole faces was previously shown to
be;
❑ The voltage out of the armature of a real machine is thus:
𝑍𝑣𝐵𝑙
𝐸𝐴 =
𝑎
❑ Where Z is the total number of conductors and a is the number of current paths
The Internal Generated Voltage Equation of Real DC Machine

❑ The velocity of each conductor in the rotor is 𝑣 = 𝑟𝜔𝑚 so,


𝑍𝑟𝜔𝑚 𝐵𝑙
𝐸𝐴 =
𝑎
❑ And with ϕ = BAP and surface area 𝐴 = 2𝜋𝑟𝑙, and if there are P poles on the
machine, then area under each pole is
𝐴 2𝜋𝑟𝑙
𝐴𝑃 = =
𝑃 𝑃

❑ The total flux per pole in the machine:

𝐵(2𝜋𝑟𝑙) 2𝜋𝑟𝑙𝐵
ϕ = 𝐵𝐴𝑃 = =
𝑃 𝑃
The Internal Generated Voltage Equation of Real DC Machine

❑ Therefore, the internal generated voltage in the machine can be expressed as


𝑍𝑟𝜔𝑚 𝐵𝑙
𝐸𝐴 =
𝑎

𝑍𝑃 2𝜋𝑟𝑙𝐵
= 𝜔𝑚
2𝜋𝑎 𝑃

𝑍𝑃
𝐸𝐴 = 𝜙𝜔𝑚 = 𝐾𝜙𝜔𝑚
2𝜋𝑎
❑ In modern industrial practice, it is common to express the speed of a machine in
revolutions per minute instead of radians per second.

𝑍𝑃
𝐸𝐴 = 𝜙𝑛𝑚 = 𝐾 ′ 𝜙𝑛𝑚
60𝑎
How much torque is induced in the armature of a Real DC Machine

❑ The torque in any dc machine depends on three factors:


o The flux ϕ in the machine
o The armature 𝐼𝐴 in the armature of the machine
o A constant depending on the construction of the machine
❑ The torque on the armature of a real machine is equal to the number of
conductors ‘Z’ times the torque on each conductor.
❑ The torque on any single conductor under the pole face,
𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑑 = 𝑟𝑙𝐵𝐼𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑑 ∴F=𝑖 𝑙× B
❑ If there are more current paths in the machine, then the total armature current
𝐼𝐴 is split among the current paths, so the current in a single conductor is
𝐼𝐴
𝐼𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑑 =
𝑎
How much torque is induced in the armature of a Real DC Machine
𝑟𝐼𝐴 𝑙𝐵
❑ The torque in a single conductor on the motor is 𝜏𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑑 =
𝑎
❑ Since there are Z conductors, the total induced torque in a dc machine rotor is:
𝑍𝑟𝑙𝐵𝐼𝐴
𝜏𝑖𝑛𝑑 =
𝑎
❑ The flux per pole in this machine:
𝐵(2𝜋𝑟𝑙) 2𝜋𝑟𝑙𝐵
ϕ = 𝐵𝐴𝑃 = =
𝑃 𝑃
❑ So, the total induced torque is: 𝑍𝑃
𝜏𝑖𝑛𝑑 = 𝜙𝐼
2𝜋𝑎 𝐴

❑ Finally, 𝜏𝑖𝑛𝑑 = 𝐾𝜙𝐼𝐴


Example 7.3
❑ A duplex lap-wound armature is used in a six-pole dc machine with six brush sets,
each spanning two commutator segments. There are 72 coils on the armature,
each containing 12 turns. The flux per pole in the machine is 0.039 Wb, and the
machine spins at 400 r/min.
(a) How many current paths are there in this machine?
(b) What is its induced voltage 𝐸𝐴 ?
❑ Solution:
Example 7.4
❑ A 12-pole dc generator has a simplex wave-wound armature containing 144 coils
of 10 turns each. The resistance of each turn is 0.011 Ω. Its flux per pole is 0.05
Wb, and it is turning at a speed of 200 r/min.
(a) How many current paths are there in this machine?
(b) What is the induced armature voltage of this machine?
(c) What is the effective armature resistance of this machine?
(d) If a 1-kΩ resistor is connected to the terminals of this generator, what is the
resulting induced countertorque on the shaft of the machine? (Ignore the
internal armature resistance of the machine.)
❑ Solution:
Learning Assignment
❑Section 7.6: The Construction of DC Machines
Textbook: Electric Machinery Fundamentals by Stephen Chapman
Book Page: 449 to 455
Questions?

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