THE PRESENT PERFECT TENSE:

PHẦN I. LÝ THUYẾT
1. Cách dùng

- Hành động đã hoàn thành cho tới thời điểm hiện tại mà không đề cập tới nó xảy ra khi
nào

- Hành động bắt đầu ở quá khứ và đang tiếp tục ở hiện tại

- Về một hành động trong quá khứ nhưng quan trọng tại thời điểm nói

2. Cấu trúc

Khẳng S + have/ has + Eg: It has rained for 2 days.

định (+) VpII
(Trời mưa 2 ngày rồi.)
Trong đó:

– S = I/ We/ You/
They + have

– S = He/ She/ It +
has

Phủ định S + haven’t/ hasn’t Eg: We haven’t met each other for a long time.
(-) + VpII
(Chúng tôi không gặp nhau trong một thời
Trong đó: gian dài rồi.)

– haven’t = have
not

– hasn’t = has not

Nghi vấn Have/ Has + S + Eg:

(?) VpII ?
- Have you ever travelled to America? (Bạn đã
Trong đó: từng du lịch tới Mỹ bao giờ chưa?)

- Yes, I/ we/ you/ - Yes, I have./ No, I haven’t.

they + have.
 - Yes, he/ she/ it +
has.

3. Dấu hiệu nhận biết

just, recently, lately gần đây, vừa mới

already rồi

before trước đây

ever đã từng

never chưa từng, không bao giờ

for + N – quãng thời gian trong khoảng (for a year, for a long time, …)

since + N – mốc/điểm thời gian từ khi (since 1992, since June, …)

yet chưa (dùng trong câu phủ định và câu hỏi)

so far = until now = up to now = up to the present cho đến bây giờ

4. Vị trí của trạng từ trong thì hiện tại hoàn thành

Vị trí trạng từ đứng trong câu cũng là một dấu hiệu giúp bạn nhận biết được đâu là thì hiện
tại hoàn thành.

- Những trạng từ như: already, never, ever, just đứng sau “have/ has” và đứng trước
động từ phân từ II. Ngoài ra, từ already còn có thể đứng ở cuối của câu.

Eg: My son has just done my homework. (Con trai tôi vừa mới làm xong bài tập về nhà.)

- Yet: thường đứng ở cuối câu, và xuất hiện trong câu phủ định và câu hỏi nghi vấn.

Eg: My sister hasn’t told me about you yet. (Chị gái tôi vẫn chưa kể với tôi về bạn.)

- Những trạng từ như: so far, recently, lately, up to present, up to this moment, in/ for/
during/ over + the past/ last + thời gian: Có vị trí linh động trong câu. Nó có thể đứng
đầu hoặc cuối câu.
Eg: She has seen this film recently. (Cô ấy đã xem bộ phim này gần đây.)

PHẦN II. BÀI TẬP ÁP DỤNG

Task 1. Cho dạng đúng của động từ trong ngoặc.

1. She already ( watch) this movie.

2. He (write) his report yet?

3. We (travel) to New York lately.

4. They (not give) his decision yet.

5. Tracy ( not see) her friend for 2 years.

6. I (be) to London three times.

7. It (rain) since I stopped my work.

8. This is the second time I (meet) him.

9. They (walk) for more than 2 hours.

10. You (get) married yet?

đáp án
1. has already watched

2. has he written

3. have travelled

4. haven’t given

5. hasn’t seen

6. have been

7. has rained

8. have met

9. have walked

10.have you got

Task 2. Viết lại câu sao cho nghĩa không đổi sử dụng từ gợi ý trong ngoặc.
1. She started to live in Hanoi 2 years ago. (for)

→ ………………………………………………………………………………………………………

2. He began to study English when he was young. (since)

→ ………………………………………………………………………………………

3. I have never eaten this kind of food before. (This is)

→ ………………………………………………………………………………

4. I have never seen such a beautiful girl before. (She is)

→ ……………………………………………………………………………………………

5. This is the best novel I have ever read. (before)

→ …………………………………………………………………

đáp án

1. She has lived in Hanoi for 2 years. (Cô ấy sống ở Hà Nội được 2 năm rồi.)

2. He studied English since he was young. (Anh ấy học tiếng Anh kể từ khi anh ấy còn trẻ.)

3. This is the first time I have ever eaten this kind of food. (Đây là lần đầu tiên tôi từng được ăn loại
thức ăn này.)

4. She is the most beautiful girl I have ever met. (Cô ấy là cô gái đẹp nhất mà tôi đã từng gặp.)

5. I have never read such a good novel before. (Trước đây tôi chưa từng đọc một cuốn tiểu thuyết
nào hay như vậy.)

Task 3. Mỗi câu sau chứa một lỗi sai. Tìm và sửa chúng.

1. I haven’t cutted my hair since last June.

………………………………………………………………………………………………

2. She has not working as a teacher for almost 5 years.

…………………………………………………………………………………………

3. The lesson haven’t started yet.

……………………………………………………………………………………

4. Has the cat eat yet?

………………………………………………………………

5. I am worried that I hasn’t still finished my homework yet.

……………………………………………………………………………………………………

6. I have just decided to start working next week.

………………………………………………………………………………………

7. He has been at his computer since seven hours.

…………………………………………………………………………………………

8. She hasn’t receivedany good news since a long time.

………………………………………………………………………………………

9. My father hasn’t playedany sport for last year.

…………………………………………………………………………………

10. I’d better have a shower. I hasn’t hadone since Thursday.

…………………………………………………………………………………………………

1. cutted ⇒ cut
đáp án

2. working ⇒ worked

3. haven’t ⇒ hasn’t

4. eat ⇒ eaten

5. hasn’t ⇒ haven’t

6. (Ko sai)

7. since ⇒ for

8. since ⇒ for

9. for ⇒ since

10. hasn’t ⇒ haven’t

Task 4. Khoanh tròn vào đáp án đúng.

1. There _______________ a lot of changes in Vietnam since the 1990s.

A. was B. have been

C. has been D. are

2. It _______________ him almost 1 hour to go to school by bus every day.

A. takes B. took

C. has taking D. is taking

3. Her hometown _______________ a lot of hills and mountains.

A. has B. gets

C. is D. has got

4. My dog _______________ my cat since I came home.

A. is chasing B. has chased

C. chased D. chases

5. I fell asleep while I _______________ my homework last night.

A. was doing B. have done

C. did D. is doing
đáp án
1. B. have been

2. A. takes

3. A. has

4. B. has chased

5. was doing

BÀI TẬP BỔ SUNG

Exercise 1. Choose the correct answer.

1. When _________ to Ha Long?

A. have you joined

B. did you joined

C. did you join

D. have you ever joined

2. _________ in Vietnam?

A. Did you ever worked

B. Have you ever worked

C. Worked you

D. Didn't you have worked

3. I _________ hot food before. It is quite strange to me.

A. haven’t try

B. haven’t tried

C. don’t try

D. didn’t try

4. I _________ his mother since I _________ 5 years old because she was my neighbor.

A. have known – be

B. have known – was

C. knew – was

D. knew – were

5. _________ to him last week.

A. I spoke

B. I've already spoken

C. I didn't spoke

D. I speaked

6. Quan (start) _________ (drive) _________ to work 5 months ago because he (buy)
_________ a car.
A. starts – driving – will buy

B. started – driven – buys

C. has started – driving – bought

D. started – to drive – has bought

7. _________ from a business trip to NewYork.

A. I come back

B. I came back

C. I never came back

D. I've just come back

8. Prices _________ in 1995 but then _________ in 1996.

A. rised / falled

B. rose / fell

C. have risen / have fallen

D. rose / have fallen

9. Her hometown _________ a lot of hills and mountains.

A. has

B. gets

C. is

D. has got

10. My dog _________ my cat since I came home.

A. is chasing

B. has chased

C. chased

D. chases

Đáp án:
1-C 2-B 3-B 4-B 5-A 6-D 7-D 8-B 9-A 10 - B

Exercise 2. Give the correct form of the verbs in brackets.

1. Lan (drive) _________ Thuy to work today.

2. This is the first time I (meet) _________ her.

3. My brother (write) _________ his report yet.

4. You (get) _________ married yet?

5. They (see) _________ the new building.

6. He (drink) _________ a cup of coffee this morning.

7. Khai and Hung (wash) _________ the car.

8. Mai (want) _________ to go to Ho Chi Minh city for a long time.

9. Mel (give) _________ up smoking.

10. I (be) _________ to London three times

11. They (lose) _________ their car.

12. Jack (be) _________ to Mexico.

Đáp án:

1. has driven 2. have eaten 3. hasn’t written

4. have you got 5. have seen 6. has drunk

7. have washed 8. have wanted 9. has given

10. have been 11. have lost 12. has been

Exercise 4. Rewrite sentences.

1. Lan started to live in Da Lat 4 years ago.

→ ____________________________________.

2. My son began to study English when he was young.

→ ____________________________________.
3. I have never eaten this kind of food before.

→ ____________________________________.

4. Lan has never seen such a beautiful girl before.

→ ____________________________________.

5. This is the best book she has ever read.

→ ____________________________________.

6. This is the first time Cuong went to China.

→ ____________________________________.

7. My sister started learning English 2 years ago.

→ ____________________________________.

8. My parents began drinking when it started to rain.

→ ____________________________________.

9. My brother last had his car repaired when I left him.

→ ____________________________________.

10. When did he have it?

→ ____________________________________.

11. I haven’t seen my grandmother for 6 months.

→ ____________________________________.

12. Tonny hasn’t taken a bath since Monday.

→ ____________________________________.

Đáp án:

1. Lan has lived in Da Lat for 4 years.

2. My son has studied English since he was a young man.

3. This is the first time that I have ever eaten this kind of food.

4. She is the most beautiful girl that Lan has ever seen.
5. Lan has never read such a good book before.

6. Cuong hasn’t gone to China before.

7. My sister has learnt English for 2 years.

8. My parents have drunk since it started to rain.

9. My brother hasn’t had his car repaired since I left him.

10. How long has he had it?

11. The last time I saw my grandmother was 6 months ago.

12. It is Monday since Tonny last took a bath.

Exercise 5. Fill in the blanks with “since” or “for”.

1. She has used the laptop ________ three hours ________ 9 o’clock.

2. How many times have you read the book ________ you bought it?

3. Thao hasn’t eaten meat ________ Thursday.

4. We’ve known each other ________ ages.

5. My friend has owned the fashion shop ________ 5 years.

6. It’s three years ________ Quan started learning English.

7. Lan and Qung have been married ________ a year.

8. India has been independent ________ 1947.

9. He has driven a car ________ his birthday.

10. I have learnt English ________ I was 6.

Đáp án:

1. for - since 2. since 3. since 4. for 5. for

6. since 7. for 8. since 9. since 10. since