Al-Razi (Rhazes)

What is Al-Razi's most monumental work?

a) Kitab al-Kimya

b) Al-Hawi

c) Kitab al-Mansouri

d) Al-Qanun

Answer: b) Al-Hawi

Which title did Al-Razi earn for his work on childhood diseases?

a) Father of Medicine

b) Father of Paediatrics

c) Master of Surgery

d) Innovator of Medicine

Answer: b) Father of Paediatrics

What was Al-Razi the first to use as a surgical ligature?

a) Silk threads

b) Animal gut

c) Copper wire

d) Synthetic fibers

Answer: b) Animal gut

Which substance did Al-Razi first use as an anesthetic during surgery?

a) Alcohol

b) Opium

c) Chloroform

d) Mercury

Answer: b) Opium

Al-Razi classified substances into three categories. These are:

a) Metals, liquids, and gases

b) Solids, liquids, and gases

c) Vegetables, animals, and minerals

d) Organic, inorganic, and synthetic

Answer: c) Vegetables, animals, and minerals

Al-Biruni

What is Al-Biruni's magnum opus in astronomy?

a) Kitab al-Tafhim

b) Kitab al-Athar al-Baqiyah

c) Al-Qanun al-Masudi

d) Kitab al-Jamahir
Answer: c) Al-Qanun al-Masudi

Which field did Al-Biruni significantly contribute to by calculating

Earth's circumference?

a) Geography

b) Astronomy

c) Geology

d) Mathematics

Answer: a) Geography

What was unique about Al-Biruni's collaborations with Indian scholars?

a) He translated Sanskrit texts.

b) He taught trigonometry.

c) He introduced Islamic theology.

d) He explored cultural music.

Answer: a) He translated Sanskrit texts.

Which of the following is NOT one of Al-Biruni’s notable works?

a) Kitab al-Tafhim

b) Kitab al-Madina al-Fadila

c) Kitab al-Athar al-Baqiyah

d) Al-Qanun al-Masudi

Answer: b) Kitab al-Madina al-Fadila

What title is Al-Biruni often associated with?

a) Father of Paediatrics

b) Master of Astronomy

c) The Prince of Mathematicians

d) Philosopher-King

Answer: b) Master of Astronomy

Ibn Khaldun

What is Ibn Khaldun's most famous work?

a) Kitab al-Hawi

b) The Muqaddimah

c) Kitab al-Madina al-Fadila

d) The Masudic Canon

Answer: b) The Muqaddimah

Ibn Khaldun introduced the concept of "Asabiyyah," which means:

a) Social hierarchy

b) Tribal solidarity
c) Political governance

d) Historical critique

Answer: b) Tribal solidarity

Ibn Khaldun's cyclical theory of history explains:

a) The rise and fall of societies

b) Religious influences on politics

c) Economic systems and their evolution

d) Scientific advancements over time

Answer: a) The rise and fall of societies

Which title is often given to Ibn Khaldun?

a) Father of Economics

b) Father of Sociology

c) Master of Philosophy

d) Father of Astronomy

Answer: b) Father of Sociology

Al-Farabi

Which title is Al-Farabi most known by?

a) The Commentator
b) The Second Teacher

c) The Prince of Mathematics

d) Father of Astronomy

Answer: b) The Second Teacher

Al-Farabi's book The Perfect City explores:

a) Astronomy and mathematics

b) Governance and Justice

c) Medical ethics

d) Logic and metaphysics

Answer: b) Governance and Justice

What was Al-Farabi's significant contribution to logic?

a) Introducing Aristotelian logic to the Islamic world

b) Developing mathematical theorems

c) Critiquing Avicennan logic

d) Creating a new metaphysical framework

Answer: a) Introducing Aristotelian logic to the Islamic world

Ibn Rushd (Averroes)

What field did Ibn Rushd extensively write about?

a) Law

b) Astronomy

c) Chemistry

d) Medicine

Answer: a) Law

Ibn Rushd’s book The Incoherence of the Incoherence was written to

defend:

a) Theology

b) Greek philosophy

c) Islamic jurisprudence

d) Medicine

Answer: b) Greek philosophy

Which medical work is attributed to Ibn Rushd?

a) Kitab al-Hawi

b) Kitab al-Kulliyat fi al-Tibb

c) The Canon of Medicine

d) The Book of Optics

Answer: b) Kitab al-Kulliyat fi al-Tibb

Al-Jazari

What is Al-Jazari best known for?

a) Astronomy and geography

b) Mechanical devices and automata

c) Mathematics and logic

d) Medicine and Surgery

Answer: b) Mechanical devices and automata

What title is associated with Al-Jazari?

a) Father of Modern Robotics

b) Father of Medicine

c) Prince of Philosophy

d) The Second Teacher

Answer: a) Father of Modern Robotics

Which notable invention is attributed to Al-Jazari?

a) Planetary motion model

b) The elephant clock

c) Surgical tools

d) Algebraic methods

Answer: b) The elephant clock

Nasir al-Din al-Tusi

What was Nasir al-Din al-Tusi's key contribution to trigonometry?

a) Defining logarithms

b) Establishing trigonometric ratios

c) Introducing cosine and sine rules

d) Creating tangent charts

Answer: c) Introducing cosine and sine rules

Nasir al-Din al-Tusi’s Akhlaq-i Nasiri focuses on:

a) Ethics

b) Astronomy

c) Mathematics

d) Metaphysics

Answer: a) Ethics

Who was influenced by Nasir al-Din al-Tusi's works in Europe?

a) Copernicus

b) Ptolemy

c) Euclid

d) Galileo
Answer: a) Copernicus

Jabir Ibn Hayyan (Geber)

Jabir Ibn Hayyan is popularly known in the West as:

A) Al-Razi

B) Al-Biruni

C) Geber

D) Al-Kindi

Answer: C) Geber

Which acids were prepared by Jabir Ibn Hayyan?

A) Sulfuric acid, Hydrochloric acid, Nitric acid

B) Lactic acid, Acetic acid, Citric acid

C) Hydrofluoric acid, Acetic acid, Nitric acid

D) Oxalic acid, Tannic acid, Hydrochloric acid

Answer: A) Sulfuric acid, Hydrochloric acid, Nitric acid

Jabir Ibn Hayyan introduced the technique of:

A) Alchemy only

B) Metallurgy only

C) Sublimation, Distillation, Calcination

D) None of the above

Answer: C) Sublimation, Distillation, Calcination

Ibn al-Baitar

Ibn al-Baitar is best known for his contributions to:

A) Physics

B) Astronomy

C) Botany and herbal medicine

D) Metallurgy

Answer: C) Botany and herbal medicine

Ibn al-Baitar collected herbs and plants from:

A) Europe and Asia

B) Spain to Syria

C) Arabia to Persia

D) India and China

Answer: B) Spain to Syria

Al-Biruni

Which of the following theories was proposed by Al-Biruni?

A) Light travels slower than sound

B) Earth is stationary
C) Light travels faster than sound

D) Earth has a fixed axis

Answer: C) Light travels faster than sound

Al-Biruni learned Sanskrit to:

A) Translate religious texts

B) Investigate Indian knowledge

C) Write poetry

D) Study astronomy

Answer: B) Investigate Indian knowledge

Abu Ishaq Al-Kindi

Al-Kindi is popularly known in the West as:

A) Al-Kindus

B) Al-Farabi

C) Avicenna

D) Averroes

Answer: A) Al-Kindus

Al-Kindi's significant contributions were in:

A) Physics and Music

B) Astronomy only

C) Chemistry only

D) Surgery

Answer: A) Physics and Music

Al-Battani

Al-Battani's famous book was:

A) Kitab al-Tafhim

B) Kitab al-Zig

C) Al-Majisti

D) Kitab al-Jamahir

Answer: B) Kitab al-Zig

Al-Battani was the first to:

A) Use sines in calculations

B) Discover the equinoxes

C) Prepare the Islamic lunar calendar

D) All of the above

Answer: D) All of the above

Umar al-Khayyam

Umar al-Khayyam is credited with proving:

A) Pythagorean theorem

B) Binomial theorem

C) Law of refraction

D) The gravitational law

Answer: B) Binomial theorem

Which calendar was introduced by Umar al-Khayyam?

A) Gregorian calendar

B) Lunar calendar

C) Jalali calendar

D) Julian calendar

Answer: C) Jalali calendar

Abdul Qadeer Khan

Dr. Abdul Qadeer Khan is known as the pioneer of:

A) Pakistan's space program

B) Pakistan's nuclear program

C) Pakistan's chemical industry

D) None of the above

Answer: B) Pakistan's nuclear program

The nuclear tests in Pakistan were conducted under Abdul Qadeer
Khan's efforts on:

A) May 18, 1998

B) May 28, 1998

C) May 30, 1998

D) May 15, 1998

Answer: B) May 28, 1998

MCQs on Science and Its History

What is the origin of the word "science"?

A. Greek word "scio"

B. Latin word "Scientia"

C. Arabic word "ilm"

D. English word "science"

Answer: B. Latin word "Scientia"

Which ancient civilization initiated geometry and mathematics?

A. Greeks

B. Egyptians

C. Arabs
D. Chinese

Answer: B. Egyptians

Who is known for advancing astronomy and physics during the

Renaissance?

A. Isaac Newton

B. Galileo Galilei

C. Michael Faraday

D. Albert Einstein

Answer: B. Galileo Galilei

What did James Watt invent during the Industrial Revolution?

A. Electromagnetism

B. Steam engine

C. Radioactivity

D. Laws of motion

Answer: B. Steam engine

Who discovered the theory of relativity?

A. Marie Curie

B. Stephen Hawking
C. Albert Einstein

D. Isaac Newton

Answer: C. Albert Einstein

MCQs on Branches of Science

Which branch of science studies formal systems?

A. Empirical Science

B. Formal Science

C. Natural Science

D. Social Science

Answer: B. Formal Science

Which branch of science focuses on studying living organisms?

A. Physical Science

B. Earth Science

C. Life Science

D. Formal Science

Answer: C. Life Science

Which of the following is NOT a branch of chemistry?

A. Physical Chemistry
B. Organic Chemistry

C. Astronomy

D. Biochemistry

Answer: C. Astronomy

Paleontology is the study of:

A. Ocean currents and waves

B. Earth's weather and climate

C. Fossils and prehistoric life

D. Geological formations

Answer: C. Fossils and prehistoric life

Which field is a branch of life sciences?

A. Botany

B. Sociology

C. Meteorology

D. Geology

Answer: A. Botany

MCQs on Science Applications and Future

Which principle is essential for designing vehicles like airplanes?

A. Faraday's Law

B. Newton's Laws of Motion

C. Theory of Relativity

D. Quantum Theory

Answer: B. Newton's Laws of Motion

What does meteorology study?

A. Oceans

B. Atmosphere and weather

C. Earth's fossils

D. Chemical reactions

Answer: B. Atmosphere and weather

What is an example of a future aspect of science?

A. Newtonian mechanics

B. Space exploration

C. Algebra discovery

D. Industrial steam engines

Answer: B. Space exploration

Gene editing refers to:

A. The study of Earth's weather

B. Modifying the genetic structure of organisms

C. Designing new biological systems

D. Energy production through fusion

Answer: B. Modifying the genetic structure of organisms

What is quantum computing expected to achieve?

A. Solve problems in classical mechanics

B. Enable interstellar travel

C. Make computing and networking highly powerful

D. Create artificial intelligence systems

Answer: C. Make computing and networking highly powerful

MCQs on Science and History

Which scientist is associated with the discovery of radioactivity?

A. Isaac Newton
B. Stephen Hawking

C. Marie Curie

D. Albert Einstein

Answer: C. Marie Curie

What was a key scientific contribution by Arabs during the Ancient Era?

A. Philosophy and astronomy

B. Algebra and chemistry

C. Geology and oceanography

D. Paleontology and meteorology

Answer: B. Algebra and chemistry

During which period did Ibn Sina contribute to medicine and philosophy?

A. Ancient Era

B. Middle Ages

C. Renaissance

D. Modern Era

Answer: B. Middle Ages

Who formulated the laws of motion and universal gravitation?

A. James Watt
B. Michael Faraday

C. Galileo Galilei

D. Isaac Newton

Answer: D. Isaac Newton

Which years is the Industrial Revolution generally considered to have

occurred?

A. 1500 - 1700 AD

B. 1700 - 1900 AD

C. 1900 - 2000 AD

D. 500 - 1500 AD

Answer: B. 1700 - 1900 AD

MCQs on Natural Science and Physical Science

What is a key characteristic of natural science?

A. Study of Societies

B. Use of formal systems

C. Observation and experimentation

D. Theoretical computer science

Answer: C. Observation and experimentation

Which branch of physical science studies the structure and behavior of
matter?

A. Physics

B. Chemistry

C. Astronomy

D. Earth Science

Answer: B. Chemistry

Which branch of physical science focuses on the universe beyond Earth's

atmosphere?

A. Meteorology

B. Astronomy

C. Geology

D. Paleontology

Answer: B. Astronomy

Which field of Earth science studies ocean currents and marine life?

A. Oceanography

B. Geology

C. Meteorology
D. Paleontology

Answer: A. Oceanography

The study of weather and atmospheric phenomena is known as:

A. Oceanography

B. Paleontology

C. Meteorology

D. Astronomy

Answer: C. Meteorology

MCQs on Life Sciences

Which of the following is NOT a branch of life science?

A. Zoology

B. Botany

C. Genetics

D. Geology

Answer: D. Geology

The study of ecosystems and interactions among organisms is part of:

A. Genetics

B. Ecology
C. Anthropology

D. Physics

Answer: B. Ecology

Which life science branch focuses on plant studies?

A. Zoology

B. Botany

C. Genetics

D. Biochemistry

Answer: B. Botany

Which branch studies hereditary traits and DNA?

A. Zoology

B. Ecology

C. Genetics

D. Chemistry

Answer: C. Genetics

What does zoology focus on?

A. Human societies

B. Animals and their behavior

C. Plant Biology

D. Fossils

Answer: B. Animals and their behavior

MCQs on Future Aspects of Science

Which technology is expected to transform computing power

significantly?

A. Gene editing

B. Artificial intelligence

C. Quantum computing

D. Space exploration

Answer: C. Quantum computing

What is fusion energy?

A. Energy derived from chemical reactions

B. Energy from combining atomic nuclei

C. Energy from splitting atomic nuclei

D. Energy from fossil fuels

Answer: B. Energy from combining atomic nuclei

Geoengineering involves:
A. Modifying Earth's systems to combat climate change

B. Designing biological systems

C. Exploring distant galaxies

D. Improving genetic editing tools

Answer: A. Modifying Earth's systems to combat climate change

Interstellar travel refers to:

A. Travel within Earth's atmosphere

B. Space travel to other solar planets and moons

C. Travel between stars and solar systems

D. Orbital travel around Earth

Answer: C. Travel between stars and solar systems

Which field focuses on creating advanced AI systems?

A. Geology

B. Artificial intelligence

C. Genetics

D. Astronomy

Answer: B. Artificial intelligence

MCQs on Energy and its Units

What is the SI unit of energy?

A. Calorie

B. Joule

C. BTU

D. Erg

Answer: B. Joule

Who is the unit of energy, Joule, named after?

A. James Clerk Maxwell

B. James Prescott Joule

C. Michael Faraday

D. Albert Einstein

Answer: B. James Prescott Joule

What is the commercial unit of energy used for large quantities?

A. Joule

B. Calorie

C. Kilowatt-hour

D. Erg
Answer: C. Kilowatt-hour

The energy involved in a moving object is called:

A. Potential energy

B. Thermal energy

C. Kinetic energy

D. Mechanical energy

Answer: C. Kinetic energy

Which of the following is an example of kinetic energy?

A. A book resting on a table

B. A spring compressed and held in place

C. An airplane in flight

D. Gasoline before combustion

Answer: C. An airplane in flight

Radiant energy is associated with:

A. Gravitational force

B. Sound waves
C. Electromagnetic waves

D. Chemical reactions

Answer: C. Electromagnetic waves

Which form of energy is generated by vibrations moving through a

medium?

A. Thermal energy

B. Sound energy

C. Mechanical energy

D. Electrical energy

Answer: B. Sound energy

What distinguishes thermal energy from radiant energy?

A. Thermal energy uses electromagnetic waves

B. Thermal energy is heat energy, while radiant energy travels as waves

C. Radiant energy depends on mass, but thermal energy does not

D. Radiant energy is only in visible light

Answer: B. Thermal energy is heat energy, while radiant energy travels

as waves
Elastic potential energy is stored in an object due to:

A. Its vertical height

B. The deformation of its shape

C. Vibrations in its medium

D. The mass of the object

Answer: B. The deformation of its shape

Which of the following is an example of chemical potential energy?

A. A parked car at the top of a hill

B. A stretched rubber band

C. Gasoline before combustion

D. A turned-off light bulb

Answer: C. Gasoline before combustion

Electric potential energy involves:

A. Stored energy in chemical bonds

B. The energy needed to move a charge against an electric field

C. Kinetic energy from motion

D. Energy stored in a stretched spring

Answer: B. The energy needed to move a charge against an electric field

MCQs on Modern Applications of Energy

Photovoltaic (PV) panels are primarily used to harness:

A. Wind energy

B. Solar energy

C. Geothermal energy

D. Biomass energy

Answer: B. Solar energy

Which of the following is a characteristic of Battery Electric Vehicles

(BEVs)?

A. They use hydrogen fuel cells

B. They rely solely on electric batteries

C. They combine internal combustion engines with electric motors

D. They depend on solar power alone

Answer: B. They rely solely on electric batteries

Which energy storage system involves pumping water to a higher

elevation?

A. Thermal energy storage

B. Battery storage

C. Pumped hydro storage

D. Biomass storage

Answer: C. Pumped hydro storage

What is a key feature of biofuels?

A. They are derived from petroleum

B. They are renewable transportation fuels

C. They are not eco-friendly

D. They rely solely on wind energy

Answer: B. They are renewable transportation fuels

Which energy-efficient technology uses less power and lasts longer?

A. Incandescent bulbs

B. Halogen lamps

C. LED lighting

D. Fluorescent tubes

Answer: C. LED lighting

MCQs on Forces of Nature

Which force is responsible for holding Earth in its orbit around the Sun?
A. Electromagnetic force

B. Gravitational force

C. Weak nuclear force

D. Strong nuclear force

Answer: B. Gravitational force

Which force acts between charged particles?

A. Strong nuclear force

B. Weak nuclear force

C. Electromagnetic force

D. Gravitational force

Answer: C. Electromagnetic force

The strong nuclear force is responsible for:

A. Holding electrons in orbit

B. Radioactive decay

C. Holding the nuclei of atoms together

D. The formation of sound waves

Answer: C. Holding the nuclei of atoms together

Which force is responsible for beta decay and neutrino interactions?

A. Electromagnetic force

B. Weak nuclear force

C. Strong nuclear force

D. Gravitational force

Answer: B. Weak nuclear force

Which force has the shortest range (less than 1 fm)?

A. Gravitational force

B. Electromagnetic force

C. Strong nuclear force

D. Weak nuclear force

Answer: D. Weak nuclear force

What type of energy is possessed by an object in motion?

A. Potential Energy

B. Kinetic Energy

C. Mechanical Energy

D. Thermal Energy

Answer: B. Kinetic Energy

Which of the following is an example of potential energy?

A. A running car

B. A stretched rubber band

C. A ball rolling down a slope

D. Vibrating sound waves

Answer: B. A stretched rubber band

Radiant energy is primarily associated with:

A. Sound waves

B. Electromagnetic waves

C. Thermal vibrations

D. Stored energy in chemical bonds

Answer: B. Electromagnetic waves

Which of the following is NOT a type of kinetic energy?

A. Radiant Energy

B. Sound Energy

C. Gravitational Potential Energy

D. Thermal Energy

Answer: C. Gravitational Potential Energy

Which type of energy is created by moving electrons in a circuit?

A. Mechanical Energy

B. Chemical Energy

C. Electrical Energy

D. Thermal Energy

Answer: C. Electrical Energy

MCQs on Kinetic and Potential Energy

Which factor does NOT affect the kinetic energy of an object?

A. Mass of the object

B. Velocity of the object

C. Height of the object

D. Direction of motion

Answer: D. Direction of motion

What happens to potential energy as an object’s height increases?

A. It decreases

B. It remains constant

C. It increases

D. It depends on the object's velocity

Answer: C. It increases
What is the total mechanical energy of a system?

A. The sum of kinetic and potential energy

B. The product of kinetic and potential energy

C. The energy required to start motion

D. The energy lost during a process

Answer: A. The sum of kinetic and potential energy

Which of the following is an example of gravitational potential energy?

A. A ball at the top of a hill

B. A spring compressed

C. A swinging pendulum at its lowest point

D. A moving vehicle

Answer: A. A ball at the top of a hill

What happens to the elastic potential energy in a stretched rubber band

when it is released?

A. It converts to thermal energy

B. It is stored permanently

C. It transforms into kinetic energy

D. It disappears
Answer: C. It transforms into kinetic energy

MCQs on Energy Applications

What is the primary function of solar photovoltaic (PV) panels?

A. To store thermal energy

B. To convert sunlight into electricity

C. To produce hydrogen

D. To convert wind into power

Answer: B. To convert sunlight into electricity

What is the purpose of energy storage systems like lithium-ion batteries?

A. To generate power

B. To store excess energy for later use

C. To convert solar energy into heat

D. To decrease energy consumption

Answer: B. To store excess energy for later use

What is the advantage of LED lighting compared to incandescent bulbs?

A. LED lights consume more energy but last longer

B. LED lights consume less energy and last longer

C. LED lights are cheaper but less efficient

D. LED lights are environmentally harmful

Answer: B. LED lights consume less energy and last longer

Which type of energy is produced by burning organic materials like

wood or agricultural residues?

A. Wind Energy

B. Biomass Energy

C. Geothermal Energy

D. Thermal Energy

Answer: B. Biomass Energy

Hydrogen fuel cells are primarily used for:

A. Producing heat in buildings

B. Powering vehicles and providing clean energy

C. Creating radioactive materials

D. Reducing solar energy dependency

Answer: B. Powering vehicles and providing clean energy

MCQs on Forces of Nature

What determines the strength of gravitational force?

A. Distance and velocity of objects

B. Masses of objects and distance between them

C. Velocity of one object only

D. Temperature and mass of the larger object

Answer: B. Masses of objects and distance between them

What is the primary role of the electromagnetic force?

A. Holding the nucleus together

B. Acting on charged particles

C. Governing planetary orbits

D. Facilitating radioactive decay

Answer: B. Acting on charged particles

Which force is the strongest and operates within the nucleus of atoms?

A. Gravitational Force

B. Electromagnetic Force

C. Strong Nuclear Force

D. Weak Nuclear Force

Answer: C. Strong Nuclear Force

The weak nuclear force is associated with which of the following

processes?
A. Holding atomic nuclei together

B. Electromagnetic interactions

C. Radioactive decay

D. Creating thermal energy

Answer: C. Radioactive decay

Which force can act over infinite distances but becomes very weak at
large distances?

A. Strong Nuclear Force

B. Weak Nuclear Force

C. Gravitational Force

D. Electromagnetic Force

Answer: D. Electromagnetic Force

Additional Conceptual MCQs

Energy conservation states that energy can neither be created nor

destroyed. What does this imply?

A. Energy is finite in quantity

B. Energy can only transform from one form to another

C. Energy is always in motion

D. Energy is unchangeable
Answer: B. Energy can only transform from one form to another

Which of the following is an example of mechanical energy?

A. A moving windmill blade

B. Stored energy in a chemical battery

C. Heat from a geothermal source

D. Light emitted from a bulb

Answer: A. A moving windmill blade

Which type of renewable energy uses turbines to harness kinetic energy

from moving air?

A. Solar energy

B. Wind energy

C. Biomass energy

D. Geothermal energy

Answer: B. Wind energy

What is the primary purpose of pumped hydro storage?

A. Generating electricity using wind

B. Storing electricity for backup power

C. Pumping water to generate electricity during high-demand

D. Reducing the need for solar energy

Answer: C. Pumping water to generate electricity during high-demand

What type of energy transformation occurs in a dam's hydroelectric

system?

A. Kinetic to Chemical

B. Potential for Electrical

C. Thermal to Mechanical

D. Elastic to Radiant

Answer: B. Potentiaforrto Electrical

HISTORY

In which year was the Human Genome Project launched?

a) 1980

b) 1990

c) 2000

d) 2010

Answer: b) 1990

Who discovered penicillin in 1928?

a) Jonas Salk
b) Alexander Fleming

c) Lise Meitner

d) Max Planck

Answer: b) Alexander Fleming

What was the first general-purpose computer completed in 1945?

a) ENIAC

b) UNIVAC

c) IBM 701

d) Altair 8800

Answer: a) ENIAC

Who introduthe ced quantum theory in 1900?

a) Albert Einstein

b) Max Planck

c) Niels Bohr

d) Werner Heisenberg

Answer: b) Max Planck

PHYSICS

Albert Einstein’s Special Theory of Relativity was introduced in which

year?
a) 1900

b) 1905

c) 1915

d) 1920

Answer: b) 1905

What is the principle that quantum mechanics introduced about the

behavior of particles?

a) Relativity

b) Heisenberg’s Uncertainty Principle

c) Newton’s Laws

d) Archimedes’ Principle

Answer: b) Heisenberg’s Uncertainty Principle

Which modern application relies on relativistic principles?

a) Vaccines

b) GPS

c) Internet

d) Plastics

Answer: b) GPS
MEDICINE

Who developed the polio vaccine in the 1950s?

a) Alexander Fleming

b) Jonas Salk

c) Louis Pasteur

d) Edward Jenner

Answer: b) Jonas Salk

Which discovery in 1928 revolutionized the treatment of bacterial

infections?

a) DNA structure

b) Penicillin

c) Vaccines

d) CRISPR

Answer: b) Penicillin

BIOLOGY

When was the structure of DNA discovered by Watson and Crick?

a) 1943

b) 1953
c) 1963

d) 1973

Answer: b) 1953

What was the main achievement of the Human Genome Project?

a) Discovering penicillin

b) Mapping all human genes

c) Developing CRISPR

d) Creating new vaccines

Answer: b) Mapping all human genes

TECHNOLOGY

What invention in 1947 was crucial for miniaturizing electronics?

a) ENIAC

b) Transistor

c) Internet

d) CRISPR

Answer: b) Transistor

The internet evolved from military research during which decade?

a) 1940s
b) 1950s

c) 1960s

d) 1970s

Answer: c) 1960s

SPACE EXPLORATION

Which satellite marked the beginning of the space race in 1957?

a) Apollo 11

b) Sputnik

c) Hubble

d) Voyager

Answer: b) Sputnik

Who was the first person to step on the moon in 1969?

a) Buzz Aldrin

b) Yuri Gagarin

c) Neil Armstrong

d) John Glenn

Answer: c) Neil Armstrong

CHEMISTRY

What innovation did Wallace Carothers invent in 1935?

a) Nylon

b) Plastics

c) Penicillin

d) Polio vaccine

Answer: a) Nylon

What is a significant environmental concern associated with plastics?

a) Limited availability

b) Toxic production processes

c) Plastic waste accumulation

d) Difficulty in manufacturing

Answer: c) Plastic waste accumulation

NUCLEAR ENERGY

Who discovered nuclear fission in 1938?

a) Lise Meitner and Otto Hahn

b) Marie Curie

c) Enrico Fermi

d) Robert Oppenheimer

Answer: a) Lise Meitner and Otto Hahn

What was a key event demonstrating the risks of nuclear energy?

a) Discovery of fission

b) Hiroshima bombing

c) Chernobyl disaster

d) Cold War arms race

Answer: c) Chernobyl disaster

ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE

Norman Borlaug’s work on high-yield crops is associated with:

a) Green Revolution

b) Industrial Revolution

c) Quantum Revolution

d) Plastic Revolution

Answer: a) Green Revolution

A major challenge of the Green Revolution is:

a) Famine prevention

b) Increased crop yields

c) Sustainability of GMOs

d) Advancements in AI
Answer: c) Sustainability of GMOs

ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE

When did deep learning breakthroughs significantly advance AI?

a) 1990s

b) 2000s

c) 2010s

d) 2020s

Answer: c) 2010s

What is a significant ethical concern related to AI?

a) Lack of data

b) Advancements in computing

c) Privacy and surveillance

d) Slow adoption in industries

Answer: c) Privacy and surveillance

In which year did Lise Meitner and Otto Hahn discover nuclear fission?

a) 1928

b) 1938

c) 1945
d) 1955

Answer: b) 1938

What significant scientific project began in 1990 and was completed in

2003?

a) Apollo Program

b) Human Genome Project

c) Green Revolution

d) Artificial Intelligence Research

Answer: b) Human Genome Project

PHYSICS

What fundamental concept is central to Einstein’s General Theory of

Relativity?

a) Electromagnetic fields

b) Curvature of spacetime

c) Conservation of energy

d) Wave-particle duality

Answer: b) Curvature of spacetime

What does Heisenberg's Uncertainty Principle state?

a) Energy cannot be destroyed.

b) It is impossible to know both position and momentum of a particle

simultaneously.

c) Light behaves only as a wave.

d) Time and space are constant.

Answer: b) It is impossible to know both position and momentum of a

particle simultaneously.

Which principle is a cornerstone of quantum mechanics?

a) Conservation of mass

b) Wave-particle duality

c) Thermodynamic equilibrium

d) Law of inertia

Answer: b) Wave-particle duality

MEDICINE

Which antibiotic, discovered by Alexander Fleming, saved millions of

lives during World War II?

a) Tetracycline

b) Penicillin

c) Streptomycin

d) Ampicillin
Answer: b) Penicillin

What was the primary goal of Jonas Salk’s research?

a) Develop a vaccine for smallpox

b) Cure bacterial infections

c) Create a vaccine for polio

d) Study antibiotic resistance

Answer: c) Create a vaccine for polio

Which medical breakthrough is closely linked to the structure of DNA

discovered in 1953?

a) Gene therapy

b) Vaccination techniques

c) Antibiotic development

d) Transplant surgery

Answer: a) Gene therapy

BIOLOGY

What technology, developed in the 21st century, allows precise editing of

DNA?

a) CRISPR
b) Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)

c) Microarray technology

d) ELISA

Answer: a) CRISPR

What was the main purpose of the Human Genome Project?

a) Discover the function of proteins

b) Map and understand all the genes in human DNA

c) Study bacterial genomes

d) Develop genetic vaccines

Answer: b) Map and understand all the genes in human DNA

TECHNOLOGY

The ENIAC computer was designed to solve problems related to:

a) Statistical analysis

b) Weather forecasting

c) Military calculations

d) Artificial intelligence

Answer: c) Military calculations

Who were the inventors of the transistor, a critical breakthrough in

electronics?
a) Thomas Edison and Nikola Tesla

b) John Bardeen, Walter Brattain, and William Shockley

c) Alan Turing and John von Neumann

d) Bill Gates and Steve Jobs

Answer: b) John Bardeen, Walter Brattain, and William Shockley

What was the primary purpose of ARPANET, the precursor to the

internet?

a) Commercial networking

b) Military communication

c) Scientific data analysis

d) Entertainment sharing

Answer: b) Military communication

SPACE EXPLORATION

The Hubble Space Telescope, launched in 1990, is known for:

a) Landing on the Moon

b) Sending spacecraft to Mars

c) Capturing detailed images of the universe

d) Exploring the ocean floor

Answer: c) Capturing detailed images of the universe

Which space mission achieved the first human landing on the Moon?

a) Sputnik

b) Apollo 11

c) Voyager

d) Challenger

Answer: b) Apollo 11

Who was the second person to step on the Moon during the Apollo 11
mission?

a) Neil Armstrong

b) Yuri Gagarin

c) Buzz Aldrin

d) Michael Collins

Answer: c) Buzz Aldrin

CHEMISTRY

Nylon, a synthetic polymer, was first invented for use in:

a) Food packaging

b) Textiles
c) Construction materials

d) Medical equipment

Answer: b) Textiles

What is a major disadvantage of the extensive use of plastics?

a) Cost of production

b) Limited functionality

c) Non-biodegradability

d) Inflexibility

Answer: c) Non-biodegradability

NUCLEAR ENERGY

The first use of nuclear energy for destruction occurred in:

a) Nagasaki and Hiroshima in 1945

b) Chernobyl in 1986

c) Pearl Harbor in 1941

d) Manhattan Project in 1942

Answer: a) Nagasaki and Hiroshima in 1945

What is a significant benefit of nuclear energy compared to fossil fuels?

a) No radioactive waste
b) Zero greenhouse gas emissions during operation

c) Cheaper production costs

d) Easier disposal methods

Answer: b) Zero greenhouse gas emissions during operation

ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE

Norman Borlaug’s Green Revolution introduced:

a) Organic farming methods

b) High-yield crop varieties

c) Solar-powered irrigation

d) GMO restrictions

Answer: b) High-yield crop varieties

One challenge of the Green Revolution is:

a) Increased food security

b) Over-reliance on chemical fertilizers and pesticides

c) Greater crop diversity

d) Use of sustainable techniques

Answer: b) Over-reliance on chemical fertilizers and pesticides

ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
Which field was among the first to benefit from AI-based diagnostic
tools?

a) Law

b) Healthcare

c) Agriculture

d) Education

Answer: b) Healthcare

What is a significant concern in the development of AI technologies?

a) Lack of investment

b) Ethical concerns about job displacement

c) Poor performance in problem-solving

d) Absence of algorithms

Answer: b) Ethical concerns about job displacement