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    Springs

    Uploaded by

    Ahmed Hany
    Machien design

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Springs

    Uploaded by

    Ahmed Hany
    2 views20 pages
    Machien design

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

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    Machien design

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    2 views20 pages

    Springs

    Uploaded by

    Ahmed Hany
    Machien design

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    You are on page 1of 20

    MACHINE DESIGN I

    MDPS352

    Springs

    Instructor: Dr. Aiea Elhabak


    • Springs are elastic
    bodies (generally
    metal) that can be
    twisted, pulled, or
    stretched by some
    force.

    • They can return to their


    original shape when the
    force is released.

    • In other words, it is also


    termed as a resilient
    member.
    SPRING USES

    • To absorb energy (i.e. shock


    absorbers, dampers, etc.)

    • To store/release energy (i.e. clock, toys,


    etc.)

    • To exert force (i.e. safety valves, cam


    and follower)

    • To return or displace a component.


    Types of springs
    1. Helical compression springs

    Cylindrical
    Conical coiled
    coiled spring

    2. Helical tension springs


    Double conical
    coiled

    Cylindrical coiled T. spring


    3. Torsional springs
    Ft Ft

    Mt Mt

    4. Spiral springs:
    5. Leaf springs
    Helical Compression Spring
    F
    Dm
    Do= spring coil outer diameter Di
    Di= spring coil inner diameter
    Dm= mean coil diameter Ψ

    = (Do+Di)/2
    dw= spring wire diameter
    F.L
    F.L.=free length
    PF.L.=pitch at free length
    Ψ= helix angle
    PF.L dw
    na= active no. of coils
    N=total no. of coils Do

    F
    Spring Characterization curve
    Spring Force

    Fmax
    (Fmax-Fin)
    Fi
    δw
    K (stiffness coefficient) Spring Deflection (y)
    0 δin δw
    Safety margin (0.3 S.L.)
    δ max
    Solid length (S.L.)

    Initial spring length (setting)

    Free length (F.L.)


    Design of compression spring

    Kw, curvature correction


    factor

    C, Spring index (4-12)


    Design of compression spring

    𝛿 = 8 𝑃𝐷3 𝑛𝑎 /𝐺𝑑4
    𝛿, axial elongation (deflection)

    𝑃
    𝐾 = = 𝐺𝑑4 /8𝐷3 𝑛𝑎
    𝛿
    K, Spring stiffness
    Types of spring ends

    𝑁 = 𝑛a 𝑁 = 𝑛a+1 𝑁 = 𝑛a + 2 𝑁 = 𝑛a + 2

    Plain end Ground end Squared end Squared &


    Ground end
     Solid length (Ls)=N dw

     Free length (Lf) = Ls + δmax (< 4𝐷𝑚)

     K (stiffness coefficient)= Fin/ δin


    =(Fmax-Fin)/ δw
    Solved Example

    Design a helical compression spring to fit over a


    25 mm rod and to exert a force of 178 N when it is 89
    mm long, and a force of 1246 N when it is 51 mm
    long. Spring should be as small as possible.
    Solution

    Spring coil inner diameter (Di) can


    be assumed = 26 mm (greater than
    rod diameter)

    F1 = 178 N L1=89 mm

    F2 = 1246 N L2=51 mm

    ΔF= 1068 N  = 38 mm

    ΔF 1068
    Ks = = = 28.1 N/mm
    Δδ 38
    Gdw 4 Gdw
    but Ks = 3
    = 3
    8D m n 8c n
    Put the spring index C = 5

    Dm Di + dw 26
    c= = =1+ → dw = 6.5mm, Dm = 32.5 mm
    dw dw dw

    Check for max shear stress induced in the spring


    wire

    8Fmax Dm 4c − 1 0.615 8x1246x32.5 2


    τ = kc = ( − ) = 400N/mm
    πdw 3 4c − 4 c π(6.5)3

    Choose spring material: Music wire A228


    From table 1: Sy=0.7 Sult G= 82.7 GPa
    From table 2: A=2211 m= 0.145
    A 2211
    Sult = m = 0.145 = 1741MPa
    d w 5 .2
    Ssy 0.5  0.7 Sut 609.31
    [ ]allow. = = =
    F.S. F.S. F.S.

    τ ≤ [τ ]allow

    F.S.= 1.5 which is safe


    𝐺 𝑑𝑤
    𝐾𝑠 = 3
    8𝑐 𝑛
    ∴ Active number of coils n = 19.1 turns
    Total number of coils N = n ≅ 20 turns (assume ground
    plain spring)
    Solid length Ls= N dw = 130 mm
    Free length Lf = 1.3 Ls + δmax
    = 1.3 Ls + (Fmax / Ks)
    = 169 + ( 1246 /28.1) = 213.34 mm

    So, the spring specifications are:-


    Spring index =5
    Wire diameter = 6.5 mm
    Coil inner diameter = 26 mm
    Coil outer diameter = 39 mm
    Free length = 213.34 mm
    Table 1: Spring materials
    Table 2: A, m constants

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