PART ONE INTRODUCTION

C H A P T E R T T h r e e

3
Human Resource
Management Strategy and
Analysis

Strategic Overview
In Brief: This chapter explains how
The Strategic Management Process to design and develop an HR system
Goal-Setting and the Planning Process
that supports the company’s strategic
Strategic Planning
Improving Productivity Through HRIS
goals. It explains the strategic
Types of Strategies management process, how to develop a
The Top Manager’s Role in Strategic strategic plan, and the HR manager’s
Planning role in the process of strategy
Departmental Managers’ Strategic execution and formulation. The
Planning Roles chapter explains why metrics are
Department Managers’ Strategic Planning
essential for identifying and creating
Roles in Action
Strategic Human Resource Management high-performance human resource
Defining Strategic HR Management policies and practices.
Human Resource Strategies and Policies
Strategic Human Resource Management Interesting Issues: The Human
Tools Resource function today continues to
HR Metrics and Benchmarking
play an increasingly visible role in the
Types of Metrics
Improving Productivity Through HRIS
strategic planning and management
Benchmarking in Action process, requiring a new level of skill
Strategy and Strategy-Based Metrics and competency among HR
Workforce/Talent Analytics and Data professionals. HR managers must
Mining develop measureable strategies that
What are HR Audits? convincingly showcase HR’s impact on
Evidence-Based HR and the Scientific Way
business performance. Successful
of Doing Things
What are High-Performance Work Systems?
Human Resource managers have
High-Performance Human Resource adopted a perspective that focuses on
Policies how their departments can play a
and Practices central role in implementing the
organization’s strategy.

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LEARNING OUTCOMES

1. Explain why strategic planning is important to all managers.

2. Explain with examples each of the seven steps in the strategic planning process.
3. List with examples the main generic types of corporate strategies and competitive
strategies.
4. Define strategic human resource management and give an example of strategic human
resource management in practice.
5. Briefly describe three important strategic human resource management tools.
6. Explain with examples why metrics are essential for managing human resources.

ANNOTATED OUTLINE

I. The Strategic Management Process

A. Goal-Setting and the Planning Process - Strategic planning is important

because in a well-run organization the goals from the top of the
organization downward should form an unbroken chain, or hierarchy, of
goals. These goals, in turn, should guide everyone in the organization in
what they do.

B. Strategic Planning - A strategic plan is the company’s plan for how it will
match its internal strengths and weaknesses with external opportunities
and threats in order to maintain a competitive advantage. Figure 3-2
sums up the strategic management process in seven steps as follows:

1. Define the current business and mission.

2. Perform external and internal audits.

3. Formulate a new direction.

4. Translate the mission into goals.

5. Formulate strategies to achieve the strategic goal.

6. Implement the strategy.

7. Evaluate performance.

C. Improving Productivity through HRIS: Using Computerized Business

Planning Software − Business planning software packages are available
to assist the manager in writing strategic and business plans.

D. Types of Strategies – Managers develop three types of strategies.

1. Corporate-level strategy – Identifies the portfolio of businesses that

comprise the company and the ways in which these businesses are
related to each other. Concentration, diversification, vertical
integration, consolidation, and geographic expansion are all
examples of corporate-level strategies.

2. Competitive strategy – Managers endeavor to achieve competitive

advantages for each of their businesses. Competitive advantages
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33
 enable a company to differentiate its product or service from those of
its competitors to increase market share. Examples of competitive
strategies include cost leadership, differentiation, and focus.

3. HR as a Competitive Advantage – Human capital is one of the best

competitive advantages because it is hard to duplicate a company’s
personnel.

4. Functional strategies – These strategies identify the basic course of

action that each department will pursue in order to help the business
attain its competitive goals.

5. Strategic Fit – Strategic planning experts have different views on

fitting capabilities to the opportunities and threats vs. stretching
beyond capabilities to take advantage of an opportunity. The “fit”
point of view, as purported by Michael Porter, states that all of the
firm’s activities must be tailored to or fit its strategy by ensuring that
the firm’s functional strategies support its corporate and competitive
strategies.

B. The Top Manager’s Role in Strategic Planning - Devising a strategic plan

is top management’s responsibility. Because the consequences of a
poor choice can be dire, few top managers delegate the job of deciding
how the company should match internal strengths and weaknesses with
external opportunities and threats to maintain a competitive advantage.

C. Departmental Manager’s Strategic Planning Roles - It would be reckless

for any top executive to formulate a strategic plan without the input of his
or her lower-level manager. Few people know as much about the firm’s
competitive pressures, vendor capabilities, and concerns than do the
company’s department managers.

D. Departmental Manager’s Strategic Planning Roles in Action: Improving

Mergers and Acquisitions – When mergers and acquisitions fail, it is
usually due to personnel issues. Functional managers help top
management to plan and execute the firm’s strategy. When mergers and
acquisitions do fail, it’s often not due to financial or technical issues but to
personnel-related ones. These may include, for example, employee
resistance, mass exits by high-quality employees, and declining morale
and productivity. As one study concluded some years ago, mergers and
acquisitions often fail due to a lack of adequate preparation of the
personnel involved and a failure to provide training which fosters self-
awareness, cultural sensitivity, and a spirit of cooperation.

1. Due Diligence Stage - Before finalizing a deal, it is usual for the

acquirer (or merger partners) to perform “due diligence” reviews to
assure they know what they’re getting into. For the human resource
teams, due diligence includes reviewing things like organizational
culture and structure, employee compensation and benefits, labor
relations, pending employee litigation, human resource policies and
procedures, and key employees. Employee benefits are one
obvious example. For example, do the target firm’s health insurance
contracts have termination clauses that could eliminate coverage for
all employees if you lay too many off after the merger?

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 2. Integration Stage - There are critical human resource issues during
the first few months of a merger or acquisition. These include
choosing the top management team, ensuring top management
leadership, communicating changes effectively to employees,
retaining key talent, and aligning cultures.

II. Strategic Human Resource Management

A. Defining Strategic HRM – Every company needs its human resource

management policies and activities to make sense in terms of its broad
strategic aims. Strategic human resource management means
formulating and executing human resource policies and practices that
produce the employee competencies and behaviors the company needs
to achieve its strategic aims. Figure 3-7 demonstrates the relationship
between human resource strategy and the company’s strategic plans.
The following steps demonstrate linking company-wide and HR
strategies:

1. Evaluate Company’s Competitive Environment

2. Formulate Business Strategy
3. Identify Workforce Requirements
4. Formulate HR Strategic Policies and Activities
5. Develop Detailed HR Scorecard Measures

B. Human Resources Strategies and Policies - Managers call the specific

human resource management policies and practices they use to support
their strategic aims human resource strategies. The Shanghai Portman’s
human resource strategy was to produce the service-oriented employee
behaviors the hotel needed to improve significantly the hotel’s level of
service. Its HR policies therefore included installing the Ritz-Carlton
Company’s human resource system, having top management personally
interview each candidate, and selecting only employees who cared for
and respected others.

C. Strategic HRM Tools - Managers use several tools to help them translate
the company’s broad strategic goals into specific human resource
management policies and activities. Three important tools include the
strategy map, the HR Scorecard, and the digital dashboard.

1. Strategy Map - The strategy map shows the “big picture” of how
each department’s performance contributes to achieving the
company’s overall strategic goals. It helps the manager understand
the role his or her department plays in helping to execute the
company’s strategic plan.
2. HR Scorecard - Many employers quantify and computerize the map’s
activities. The HR Scorecard helps them to do so. The HR Scorecard
is not a scorecard. It refers to a process for assigning financial and
nonfinancial goals or metrics to the human resource management–
related chain of activities required for achieving the
company’s strategic aims and for monitoring results.
3. Digital Dashboards - A digital dashboard presents the manager with
desktop graphics and charts. It is a computerized picture of where

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 the company stands on all those metrics from the
HR Scorecard process.

III. HR Metrics and Benchmarking

A. Types of Metrics – Figures 3-11 and 3-12 present examples of broad and more
focused measures organizations can use to measure HR effectiveness.

B. Improving Productivity through HRIS: Tracking Applicant Metrics for Improved

Talent Management – There are a number of metrics that can be used to collect
and assess the quality of different recruitment sources. Many companies choose
to use an applicant tracking system. There are two basic steps in this process: 1)
deciding how to measure performance of new hires and 2) tracking sources that
result in superior hires.

C. Benchmarking in Action - Benchmarking occurs when an organization compares

the practices of high performing organizations with their own in order to
understand what they can do to improve.

D. Strategy and Strategy-Based Metrics – Benchmarking is only part of the process.

HR must also use strategy-based metrics to determine how HR is helping the
organization reach its goals.

E. Workforce/Talent Analytics and Data Mining – Many companies are using

workforce analytics to analyze and track HR data to help improve performance
and increase job satisfaction. Another technique, data mining, involves statistical
analysis to find hidden or new relationships among different variables such as
tracking when and who is more likely to buy a certain product. This can help a
company better manage its marketing money by targeting certain groups of
people with advertising.

F. What are HR Audits? These audits are a way for an organization to measure its
current policies and practices and identify areas where improvements can be
made based on company goals.

G. Evidence-Based HR and the Scientific Way of Doing Things – Evidence-based

HR is the use of data, facts, etc. to support HR proposals, decisions, practices,
and conclusions. This requires managers to be more scientific in making
organizational decisions. This approach requires objectivity, experimentation,
quantification, explanation, prediction, and replication.

IV. What are High-Performance Work Systems?

A high-performance work system (HPWS) is a set of HR policies and practices that

together produce superior employee performance.

A. High-Performance Human Resource Policies and Practices – These policies and

practices illustrate the importance of HR metrics and how they help to assess
HR performance. They also reveal what HR systems must do to be successful,
such as help workers aspire to manage themselves. HR practices also highlight
measureable differences between HR systems in high and low performing
companies.

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36
 NOTES Educational Materials to Use

DISCUSSION QUESTIONS

1. Give an example of hierarchical planning in an organization. (LO 3.2; AACSB: Reflective

Thinking Skills; Learning Outcome: Describe the process and tools of strategic HRM)

Top management approves a long-tem or strategic plan. Then each department, working
with top management, creates its own budgets and other plans to fit and contribute to the
company’s long-term plan.

2. What is the difference between a strategy, a vision, and a mission? Give one example
of each. (LO 3.2; AACSB: Reflective Thinking Skills; Learning Outcome: Describe the
process and tools of strategic HRM)

A strategy identifies a course of action to get the company from where it is today to where it
wants to be tomorrow. One example of a company’s strategy given in the text is Dell
Computer’s strategy to be a “low cost leader” by using the Internet and phone to sell PCs
directly to end users at prices competitors cannot match.

A vision is a general statement of the company’s intended direction that evokes emotional
feelings in employees. It is a “mental image” of a possible and desirable future state for the
organization that articulates a view of a realistic, credible, and attractive future of the
organization that is better than what now exists. For example, the vision for the California
Energy Commission is “for Californians to have energy choices that are affordable, reliable,
diverse, safe, and environmentally acceptable.”

The mission is a more specific and shorter term statement which lays out what is supposed to
be now and communicates “who we are, what we do, and where we’re headed.” Following
the vision for the California Energy Commission, their mission is to “assess and act through
public/private partnerships to improve energy systems that promote a strong economy and a
healthy environment.”

3. Define and give at least two examples of the cost leadership competitive strategy and
the differentiation competitive strategy. (LO 3.3; AACSB: Communication Skills; Learning
Outcome: Describe the process and tools of strategic HRM)

The cost leadership competitive strategy means that the enterprise aims to become the low-
cost leader in an industry. For example, stores such as Staples and Office Max maintain their
competitive advantage by selling large quantities of office products at low prices. Airlines
such as Southwest offer low fares in addition to quick turnarounds at the gate.

In a differentiation competitive strategy, a firm seeks to be unique in its industry along

dimensions that are widely valued by buyers. For example, Ocean Spray Cranberries
charges a premium price for its juices, stressing premium high-quality ingredients. Visa
differentiates itself by being accepted as a form of payment universally where other credit
cards are not.

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4. Explain how human resources management can be instrumental in helping a company
create a competitive advantage. (LO 3.1; AACSB: Communication Skills; Learning
Outcome: Describe the process and tools of strategic HRM)

Human Resources is regarded in a growing number of organizations as a source of

competitive advantage, through recruiting, selecting, retaining, and developing human capital
that enables organizations to compete on a number of different levels to be flexible, capable,
and responsive, demonstrating creativity and innovation in order to produce products and
services of high quality.

5. What is a high-performance work system? Provide several specific examples of the

typical components in a high-performance work system. (LO 3.5; AACSB: Reflective
Thinking Skills; Learning Outcome: Describe the process and tools of strategic HRM)

High Performance Work Systems are characterized by high involvement organizational

practices, (such as job enrichment and team-based organizations), high-commitment work
practices (such as improved employee development, communications, and disciplinary
practices), and flexible work assignments. The evidence suggests that companies that
employ HPWS practices experience improved productivity, quality, sales, and financial
performance. What makes the HPWS unique is the quality, quantity, and specific features of
the HR policies and practices. Each element is designed to maximize the overall quality of
human capital throughout the organization. Several characteristics of high performance work
organizations include multi-skilled work teams; empowered frontline workers; more training;
labor management cooperation; commitment to quality; and customer satisfaction.

INDIVIDUAL AND GROUP ACTIVITIES

1. With three or four other students, form a strategic management group for your college
or university. Your assignment is to develop the outline of a strategic plan for the
college or university. This should include such things as mission and vision
statements, strategic goals, and corporate, competitive, and functional strategies. In
preparing your plan, make sure to show the main strengths, weaknesses,
opportunities, and threats the college faces, and which prompted you to develop your
particular strategic plans. Look for students to prepare a well-developed mission and
vision statement, making sure that they are clearly differentiated from each other with the
vision being future focused, articulating the desired state, with the mission supporting the
vision, describing “who we are, what we do, and where we are headed.” Use this exercise as
an opportunity to discuss the problems that may be created by not clearly defining the
mission, vision, as well as the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats. (LO 3.2;
AACSB: Analytic Skills; Learning Outcome: Describe the process and tools of strategic HRM)

2. Using the Internet or library resources, analyze the annual reports of at least five
companies. Bring to class examples of how those companies say they are using their
HR processes to help the company achieve its strategic goals. In class, facilitate a
discussion on how effective the HR processes at each company appear to support strategic
goals. Challenge students to come up with additional ideas for other approaches for using
the HR processes and how they would go about implementing them, noting the specific
difficulties of each. (LO 3.4; AACSB: Use of Information Technology; Learning Outcome:
Describe the process and tools of strategic HRM)

3. Interview an HR manager and write a short report on the topic: “The strategic roles of
the HR manager at XYZ Company.” Instruct students to follow the model outlined in this
chapter for the steps in the strategic management process, and HR’s role in strategy
execution and strategy formulation. (LO 3.4; AACSB: Analytic and Communication Skills;

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 Learning Outcome: Describe the process and tools of strategic HRM)

4. Using the Internet or library resources, bring to class and discuss at least two
examples of how companies are using an HR Scorecard to help create HR systems
that support the company’s strategic aims. Do all managers seem to mean the same
thing when they refer to “HR Scorecards”? How do they differ? For each example, ask
students to comment on how effective they believe the measures that were selected by the
company are in terms of allowing the company to assess HR’s performance objectively and
quantitatively, as well as serving as a tool for the HR manager to build a measurable and
persuasive business case for how HR is contributing to achieving the company’s strategic
financial goals. Challenge students to critique the scorecard and how it could be improved to
measure strategically relevant organizational outcomes, workforce competencies and
behaviors, and HR system policies and activities (LO 3.5; AACSB: Use of Information
Technology; Learning Outcome: Describe the process and tools of strategic HRM.

5. In teams of 4–5 students, choose a company for which you will develop an outline of a
strategic HR plan. What seem to be this company’s main strategic aims? What is the
firm’s competitive strategy? What would the strategic map for this company look like?
How would you summarize your recommended strategic HR policies for this
company? Students answers will vary. (LO 3.2; AACSB: Analytic Skills)

6. The HRCI “Test Specifications” appendix at the end of this book lists the things
someone studying for the HRCI certification exam needs to know in each area of
human resource management (such as in Strategic Management, Workforce Planning,
and Human Resource Development). In groups of 4-5 students, do four things: (1)
review that appendix now; (2) identify the material in this chapter that relates to the
required knoweldge the appendix lists; (3) write four multiple-choice exam questions
on this material that you believe would be suitable for inclusion in the HRCI exam; and
4) if time permits, have someone from your team post your team’s questions in front of
the class, so the students on other teams can take each other’s exam questions.
Material in this chapter that could be covered in the HRCI certification exam include: Under
Strategic Management, the formulation of HR strategies to support the company’s overall
strategic plan; HR’s role in helping companies to build a competitive advantage, strategic HR
management, role in strategy executiion and formulation; high performance work system
concepts and supporting HR systems/practices; the HR Scorecard and all the steps involved
in developing it. (LO 3.1-4; AACSB: Analytic Skills; Learning Outcome: Describe the process
and tools of strategic HRM)

EXPERIENTIAL EXERCISES & CASES

Experiential Exercise: Developing an HR Strategy for Starbucks

Purpose: The purpose of this exercise is to give students experience in developing an HR

strategy, in this case, by developing one for Starbucks. Students should be familiar with
the material in this chapter.

Instructions: Set up groups of three or four students for this exercise. You are probably
already quite familiar with what it’s like to have a cup of coffee or tea in a Starbucks coffee
shop, but if not, spend some time in one prior to this exercise. Meet in groups and develop
an outline for an HR strategy for Starbucks Corp. Your outline should include four basic
elements: a basic business/competitive strategy for Starbucks, workforce requirements (in
terms of employee competencies and behaviors) this strategy requires, specific HR
policies and the activities necessary to produce these workforce requirements, and
suggestions for metrics to measure the success of the HR strategy. (LO 3.3; AACSB:
Analytic Skills; Learning Outcome: Describe the process and tools of strategic HRM)

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Ask each group to present their strategy to the rest of the class. At the end of each presentation,
ask the class to provide feedback on the strategy, commenting on how effectively the strategy
highlights the following: 1) their basic business/competitive strategy for Starbucks, 2) the
workforce requirements (in terms of employee competencies and behaviors) this strategy
requires, 3) the specific HR policies and activities necessary to produce these workforce
requirements, and 4) any suggestions for metrics to measure the success of the HR strategy.

Application Case: Siemens Builds a Strategy-Oriented HR System

1. Based on the information in this case, provide examples for Siemens of at least four
strategically required organizational outcomes and four required workforce
competencies and behaviors. (LO 3.2; AACSB: Reflective Thinking and Analytic Skills;
Learning Outcome: Describe the process and tools of strategic HRM)

Strategically required organizational outcomes would be the following: 1) An employee

selection and compensation system that attracts and retains the human talent necessary to
support global diversification into high-tech products and services; 2) A “learning company” in
which employees are able to learn on a continuing basis; 3) A culture of global teamwork
which will develop and use all the potential of the firm’s human resources; 4) A climate of
mutual respect in a global organization. Workforce competencies and behaviors could
include: 1) openness to learning; 2) teamwork skills; 3) cross-cultural experience; 4)
openness, respect, and appreciation for workforce diversity.

2. Identify at least four of the strategically relevant HR system policies and activites that
Siemens has instituted in order to help HR contribute to achieving Siemens’ strategic
goals. (LO 3.4; AACSB: Reflective Thinking and Analytic Skills; Learning Outcome: Describe
the process and tools of strategic HRM)

1) Training and development activities to support continuous learning through a system of

combined classroom and hands-on apprenticeship training to support technical learning; 2)
Continuing education and management development to develop skills necessary for global
teamwork and appreciation for cultural diversity; 3) Enhanced internal selection process
which includes pre-requisites of cross-border and cross-cultural experiences for career
advancement; 4) Organizational development activities aimed at building openness,
transparency, fairness, and diversity support.

3. Provide a brief illustrative strategy map for Siemens. (LO 3.5; AACSB: Reflective
Thinking and Analytic Skills; Learning Outcome: Describe the process and tools of strategic
HRM)

Student answers will vary but the strategy map should answer the following questions: 1)
What overall goals does Siemens want to achieve? 2) What must Siemens do operationally
to achieve its goals? and 3) What employee attitudes and behaviors will produce these
operational outcomes?

Continuing Case: The Carter Cleaning Company

1. Would you recommend that the Carters expand their quality program? If so,
specifically what form should it take? Most students will agree that there are opportunities
to expand the quality program. The employee meeting approach is a good start in terms of
utilizing high-involvement organizational practices. There are opportunities to maximize the
overall quality of their human capital. For example, training seems to be an obvious area to
improve in terms of educating and building awareness about basic standards and
procedures. (LO 3.4; AACSB: Reflective Thinking and Analytic Skills; Learning Outcome:
Describe the process and tools of strategic HRM)

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2. Assume the Carters want to institute a high performance work system as a test
program in one of their stores. Write a one-page outline summarizing important HR
practices you think they should focus on. Students should include some of the following
ideas in their outline: The types of HR practices they would implement to improve quality,
productivity, financial performance; methods for job enrichment; strategies for implementing
and leveraging a team-based organization; ways to implement and facilitate high commitment
work practices; employee development and skill building activities to foster increased
competency and capability in the workforce; a compensation program which provides
incentives (for example, profit sharing, pay for performance) for achieving major goals and
financial targets. (LO 3.4; AACSB: Reflective Thinking and Analytic Skills; Learning Outcome:
Describe the process and tools of strategic HRM)

TRANSLATING STRATEGY INTO HR POLICIES AND PRACTICES:

THE HOTEL PARIS CASE

Questions
1. Draw a simple strategy map for the Hotel Paris. Specifically, summarize in your own
words an example of the hierarchy of links among the hotel’s HR practices, necessary
workforce competencies and behaviors, and required organizational outcomes. (LO 3.2;
AACSB: Analytic Skills; Learning Outcome: Describe the process and tools of strategic HRM)

 What overall goals does the Hotel Paris want to achieve?

 What does the Hotel Paris do operationally to achieve its goals?
 What employee attitudes and behaviors will produce the desired operational outcomes?

The above strategy map for the Hotel Paris succinctly lays out the hierarchy of main activities
required for the Hotel Paris to succeed. For example, the Hotel Paris could endeavor to improve
workforce competencies and behaviors by instituting an improved recruitment process, and
measure the latter in terms of the number of qualified applicants per position.

2. Using Table 3-1, list at least five specific metrics the Hotel Paris could use to measure
its HR practices. (LO 3.6; AACSB: Reflective Thinking Skills; Learning Outcome: Describe the
process and tools of strategic HRM)

 Number of qualified applicants per position

 Percentage of jobs filled from within
 Number of hours of training for each employees
 Percentage of the workforce eligible for incentive pay
 Percentage of the workforce routinely working in a self-managed, cross functional, or
project team

KEY TERMS
strategic plan The company’s plan for how it will match its internal strengths
and weaknesses with external opportunities and threats in order
to maintain a competitive advantage.

strategy Specific courses of action the company pursues to achieve its

aims.

strategic management The process of identifying and executing the organization’s

mission, by matching the organization’s capabilities with the
demands of its environment.
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vision statement A general statement of the firm’s intended direction that shows,
in broad terms, “what we want to become.”

mission statement A more specific and shorter term statement which communicates
for a company who they are, what they do, and where they are
headed.

corporate-level strategy Type of strategy that identifies the portfolio of businesses, that, in
total, comprise the company and the ways in which these
businesses relate to each other.

competitive strategy A strategy that identifies how to build and strengthen the
business’s long-term competitive position in the marketplace.

competitive advantage Any factors that allow an organization to differentiate its product
or service from those of its competitors to increase market share.

functional strategies Strategy that identifies the broad activities that each department
will pursue in order to help the business accomplish its
competitive goals.

strategic human Formulating and executing HR systems – policies and activities

resource management – that produce the employee competencies and behaviors the
company needs to achieve its strategic aims.

strategy map A diagram that summarizes the chain of major activities that
contribute to a company’s success.

HR scorecard A concise measurement system that shows the quantitative

standards or “metrics” the firm uses to measure HR activities, the
employee behaviors resulting from these activities, and the
strategically relevant organizational outcomes of those employee
behaviors.

digital dashboard Presents the manager with desktop graphs and charts, and
provides a computerized picture of where the company stands
on all those metrics from the HR Scorecard process.

strategy-based metrics Metrics that specifically focus on measuring the activities that
contribute to achieving a company’s strategic aims.

HR audit An analysis by which an organization measures where it

currently stands and determines what it has to accomplish to
improve its HR function.

high performance work A set of human resource management policies and practices that
system promote organizational effectiveness.

human resource metric The quantitative measure of some human resource management
yardstick such as employee turnover, hours of training per
employee, or qualified applicants per position.

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VIDEO CASE APPENDIX

Video 1: Showtime
Showtime Networks operates cable networks and pay-per-view cable
channels across the United States and in several countries abroad. As
this video illustrates, its HR function supports corporate strategy by
helping to determine what kind of employees are needed to keep the
company in peak performance, and then by providing the company and
its employees with the HR activities that these employees need to do
their jobs. For example, you’ll see that Showtime offers many
development and training programs, as well as personal development
types of activities including mentoring programs and career-oriented
development activities. The firm’s performance management process
(which the employees helped develop) focuses specifically on the work
activities and results that help achieve departmental and corporate goals.
In this video, Matthew, the firm’s CEO, emphasizes that it is essential to
use human resources as a strategic partner, and the video then goes on
to provide something of a summary of the basic human resource
management functions.

Video 2: IQ Solutions
IQ Solutions is in the business of providing health-care system services. It
says one of its aims is lessening the inequality that is said to exist in
America’s healthcare system. The company uses its very diverse
employee base to better serve and attract a broad client base.
Employees at IQ Solutions work together in teams to achieve the
company’s goals. As we see in this video, the company itself is indeed
very diverse: for example, employees speak about 18 languages. The
company capitalizes on this diversity in many ways. For example,
employees share their ethnically unique holidays, and the firm provides
special training and other benefits that support diversity.

For video answers to video discussion questions along with additional

activities, please visit the Instructor’s Resource Center at:
http://www.pearsonhighered.com/dessler

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43
 ‫الخطة اإلستراتيجية خطة الشركة لكيفية مطابقة نقاط القوة والضعف‬
‫الداخلية لديها مع الفرص والتهديدات الخارجية من أجل الحفاظ على الميزة‬
‫التنافسية‪.‬‬

‫اإلستراتيجية مسارات العمل المحددة التي تتبعها الشركة لتحقيق أهدافها‪.‬‬

‫ِ‬
‫اإلدارة اإلستراتيجية عملية تحديد رسالة المنظمة وتنفيذها‪ ،‬من خالل مطابقة‬
‫قدرات المنظمة مع متطلبات بيئتها‪.‬‬

‫بيان الرؤية بيان عام لالتجاه المقصود للشركة والذي يوضح‪ ،‬بعبارات عامة‪" ،‬ما‬
‫نريد أن نصبح"‪.‬‬

‫بيان المهمة‪ :‬بيان أكثر تحديًدا وأقصر أجاًل يوضح للشركة من هم وماذا يفعلون‬
‫وإلى أين يتجهون‪.‬‬

‫اإلستراتيجية على مستوى الشركة نوع اإلستراتيجية التي تحدد محفظة‬

‫األعمال‪ ،‬والتي‪ ،‬في المجمل‪ ،‬تشمل الشركة والطرق التي ترتبط بها هذه‬
‫األعمال مع بعضها البعض‪.‬‬

‫اإلستراتيجية التنافسية هي اإلستراتيجية التي تحدد كيفية بناء وتعزيز الوضع‬

‫التنافسي طويل المدى للشركة في السوق‪.‬‬

‫الميزة التنافسية أي عوامل تسمح للمؤسسة بتمييز منتجها أو خدمتها عن تلك‬

‫التي يقدمها منافسوها لزيادة حصتها في السوق‪.‬‬

‫االستراتيجيات الوظيفية هي اإلستراتيجية التي تحدد األنشطة الواسعة التي‬

‫سيتبعها كل قسم من أجل مساعدة األعمال على تحقيق أهدافها التنافسية‪.‬‬

‫اإلنسان االستراتيجي صياغة وتنفيذ أنظمة الموارد البشرية ‪ -‬السياسات‬

‫واألنشطة‬
‫إدارة الموارد – التي تنتج كفاءات الموظفين وسلوكياتهم التي تحتاجها الشركة‬
‫لتحقيق أهدافها اإلستراتيجية‪.‬‬

‫الخريطة اإلستراتيجية رسم تخطيطي يلخص سلسلة األنشطة الرئيسية التي‬

‫تساهم في نجاح الشركة‪.‬‬

‫بطاقة أداء الموارد البشرية نظام قياس موجز يوضح المعايير الكمية أو‬
‫"المقاييس" التي تستخدمها الشركة لقياس أنشطة الموارد البشرية‪،‬‬
‫‪Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice Hall‬‬
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‫وسلوكيات الموظفين الناتجة عن هذه األنشطة‪ ،‬والنتائج التنظيمية ذات الصلة‬
‫استراتيجًيا لسلوكيات الموظفين تلك‪.‬‬

‫لوحة المعلومات الرقمية تقدم للمدير رسوًم ا بيانية ومخططات سطح‬

‫المكتب‪ ،‬وتوفر صورة محوسبة عن موقف الشركة من كل تلك المقاييس من‬
‫عملية بطاقة أداء الموارد البشرية‪.‬‬

‫المقاييس القائمة على اإلستراتيجية المقاييس التي تركز بشكل خاص على‬
‫قياس األنشطة التي تساهم في تحقيق األهداف اإلستراتيجية للشركة‪.‬‬

‫تدقيق الموارد البشرية تحليل تقيس من خالله المنظمة وضعها الحالي وتحدد‬
‫ما يتعين عليها إنجازه لتحسين وظيفة الموارد البشرية لديها‪.‬‬

‫العمل عالي األداء مجموعة من سياسات وممارسات إدارة الموارد البشرية‬

‫التي‬
‫نظام تعزيز الفعالية التنظيمية‪.‬‬

‫مقياس الموارد البشرية هو المقياس الكمي لبعض مقاييس إدارة الموارد‬

‫البشرية مثل معدل دوران الموظفين‪ ،‬أو ساعات التدريب لكل موظف‪ ،‬أو‬
‫المتقدمين المؤهلين لكل منصب‪.‬‬

‫‪Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice Hall‬‬

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