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    7. Ratio and Proportion

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    Rahul Dhakad

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    7. Ratio and Proportion

    Uploaded by

    Rahul Dhakad
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    2 views4 pages

    7. Ratio and Proportion

    Uploaded by

    Rahul Dhakad

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    of 4

    RATIO AND PROPORTION

    A ratio can be written in different forms like x : y or x/y and is commonly read as, x is to y.
    In the ratio a : b we call,
     a ,the first term or antecedent.
     b, the second term or consequent.
    On the other hand, proportion is an equation that says that two ratios are equivalent. A proportion is written as x : y :: z :w , and is read as x is to y
    as z is to w. Here, x/y = z/w where w & y are not equal to 0.

    a b c
    Continued proportion : = = =k then a=d k 3 , b=d k 2 , c=dk
    b c d
    Mean proportion : b 2=ac
    If a, b and c are in continued proportion , then a is called the first proportion and c is called the third proportion.
    Properties of ratio and proportion:
    a c b d
     Invertendo : = ⟹ =
    b d a c
    a c a b
     Alternendo : = ⇒ =
    b d c d
    a c a+ b c+ d
     Componendo : = ⇒ =
    b d b d
    a c a−b c−d
     Dividendo : = ⇒ =
    b d b d
    a c a+ b c +d
     Componendo and dividend : : = ⇒ =
    b d a−b c−d
    a c a c
     Convertendo : : = ⇒ =
    b d a−b c−d
    MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS:
    1. If p, q, and r are in continued proportion, then:
    (a) p :q= p: r (b) q : r= p2 : q2
    (c) p :q2 =r : p 2 (d) p :r= p2 :q 2
    2. The given table shows the distance covered and the time taken by a train moving at a uniform speed along a straight track

    The values of x and y are:


    (a) x = 4, y = 150 (b) x = 3, y = 100 (c) x = 4, y = 100 (d) x = 3, y = 150
    3. If 2 x+3 :3 x +5 y=18 :29 , then the ratio x : y is:
    (a) 2 : 3 (b) 3 : 5 (c) 3 : 4 (d) 5 : 29
    4. If (2 x+ 5):(8 x +9) is the duplicate ratio of 3 :5, then the value of x is:
    (a) 4 (b) 1 (c) 2 (d) 3
    ASSERTION AND REASON BASED QUESTIONS:
    1. The monthly pocket money of Ravi and Sanjeev are in the ratio 5: 7. Their expenditures are in the ratio 3: 5. If each saves ₹ 80 per
    month.
    Assertion : Their monthly pocket money is ₹ 200 and ₹ 280 respectively.
    Reasoning : ratio of pocket money is proportional to expenditure. [A is true R is false]
    2. Assertion: If a and b are two quantities of same kind, then fraction a/b is called ratio.
    Reason : a is called the consequent and b is called the antecedent. [A is true and R is false]
    3. Assertion : If a, b, c and d are in continued proportion, then a/b = c/d = k
    Reason : a = c k 2 and b = ck [both A and R are true]
    PRACTICE QUESTIONS:
    1. The mean proportion between two numbers is 6 and their third proportion is 48. Find the two numbers. [3 and 12]
    2. The profit in rupees in a local restaurant and the number of customers who visited the restaurant are tabulated below for each week for
    one month.

    Find:
    (a) if the number of customers and profit per week in continued proportion or not? Justify your answer.
    (b) the value of x and y. [No. (b) x = 1607, y = 64240]
    4 2 2 4 2
    a + a b +b a
    3. If b is the mean proportion between a and c, show that: 4 2 2 4 = 2
    b +b c +c c
    2 2
    7 m+2 n 5 m +n 113
    4. If = , use properties of proportion to find (i) m : n (ii) 2 2 [8:7 , ]
    7 m−2 n 3 m −n 15
    5. 3,9,m,81 and n are in continued proportion. Find the values of m and n. [27,243]
    3
    x +3 x 14
    6. Using componendo and dividend, find the value of x, when: 2
    = [2]
    x + 1 13
    x y z 1 1 1
    7. If x , y and z are in continued proportion,Prove that: 2 2 + 2 2 + 2 2 = 3 + 3 + 3
    x . z z .x x . y x y z
    8. If q is the mean proportion between p and r , prove that:
    2 2
    p −q +r =q
    ( 2 4 1
    2 )1 1
    − 2+ 2
    p q r

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