Case Study Questions

Forest and Wildlife Resources Class 10th

Cast Study 1 :-

Read the following passage and answer the questions:

Nature worship is an age old tribal belief based on the premise that all creations of
nature have to be protected. Such beliefs have preserved several virgin forests in
pristine form called Sacred Groves (the forests of God and Goddesses). These patches
of forest or parts of large forests have been left untouched by the local people and any
interference with them is banned.

Certain societies revere a particular tree which they have preserved from time
immemorial. The Mundas and the Santhal of Chota Nagpur region worship mahua
(Bassia latifolia) and kadamba (Anthocaphalus cadamba) trees, and the tribals of Odisha
and Bihar worship the tamarind (Tamarindus indica) and mango (Mangifera indica) trees
during weddings. To many of us, peepal and banyan trees are considered sacred.

Indian society comprises several cultures, each with its own set of traditional methods of
conserving nature and its creations. Sacred qualities are often ascribed to springs,
mountain peaks, plants and animals which are closely protected. You will find troops of
macaques and langurs around many temples. They are fed daily and treated as a part of
temple devotees. In and around Bishnoi villages in Rajasthan, herds of blackbuck,
(chinkara), nilgai and peacocks can be seen as an integral part of the community and
nobody harms them.

Q. 1. How is nature worship an age old tribal belief ?

Ans. Nature worship is an age old tribal belief as it is based on the promise that all
creations of nature have to be protected. Such beliefs have preserved several virgin
forests in pristine form called Sacred groves. These patches of forests, have been left
untouched by the local people and any interference with them is banned.

Q. 2. Which tribal societies used to worship tress during weddings?

Ans. The Mundas and the Santhal of Chota Nagpur region worship mahua (Bassia
latifolia) and Kadamba trees. The tribes of Odisha and Bihar worship the tamarind and
mango trees during weddings.
Q. 3. Name the animals that are treated as a part of temple devotees and the
community.

Ans. The animals that are treated as a part of temple devotees and the community are
macaques and langurs while the herds of blackbuck, nilgai and peacocks can be seen
as an integral part of community in and around Rajasthan.

Cast Study 2:-

India’s unparalleled biodiversity is a testament to its diverse landscapes and

ecosystems. From the snow-capped Himalayas to the lush Western Ghats and the arid
Thar Desert, the country’s geographical diversity has nurtured a vast array of flora and
fauna. Flora: India boasts an incredible diversity of plant species, with over 15,000
recorded flowering plants, including iconic species like the Bengal tiger, Indian
elephant, and Asiatic lion. The country is a birdwatcher’s paradise, with over 1,300
bird species, including the colorful Indian peafowl and the elusive Indian paradise
flycatcher. Despite its biodiversity richness, India faces numerous conservation
challenges, including habitat loss, poaching, and climate change. Efforts like the
establishment of protected areas, stringent wildlife protection laws, and community-
based conservation initiatives are vital for preserving India’s natural heritage. In
conclusion, India’s flora and fauna are not just a source of pride but also crucial for
ecological balance and human well-being. Preserving this natural wealth requires
sustained efforts, public awareness, and responsible environmental stewardship.

Q1) Write about the various step initiated by government of India for forest and
wildlife conservation? Mark 1

Ans:- India wildlife protection act of 1972, all India list of protected species also
published, several projects of states and central government is also initiated like
project tiger etc.
Q2) What do you understand by the term biological diversity? Mark 1

Ans:- Biodiversity or Biological Diversity is immensely rich in wildlife and

cultivated species, diverse in form and function but closely integrated in a system
through multiple networks of interdependencies.

Q3) Why conservation of flora and fauna is important for human existence? 2

Ans:- Humans along with all living organisms form a complex web of ecological
system in which human beings are only a part and very much dependent on this
system for our own existence. For example, the plants, animals and micro-organisms
re-create the quality of the air we breathe, the water we drink and the soil that
produces our food without which human beings cannot survive.
Case Study 3 :-

Project Tiger is a pioneering conservation initiative in India aimed at protecting the

majestic Bengal tiger and its habitat. Launched in 1973, this visionary project has
played a pivotal role in saving India’s national symbol from the brink of extinction.
Covering 50 tiger reserves across the country, Project Tiger has been instrumental in
bolstering tiger populations and restoring their natural habitats. Through rigorous anti-
poaching measures, community involvement, and habitat preservation, the project has
helped India’s tiger population grow from a mere 1,411 in 2006 to over 2,900 in
recent years.Project Tiger’s success extends beyond tigers; it has also benefited
countless other species and ecosystems. It showcases the power of conservation
efforts when governments, communities, and organizations collaborate to protect
biodiversity. As India continues to expand its conservation efforts, Project Tiger
remains an inspiring model for wildlife conservation worldwide.

Q1) What are the major threats to tiger population.

Ans:- The threats to tiger population are numerous, such as poaching for trade,
shrinking habitat, depletion of prey base species, growing human population, etc. The
trade of tiger skins and the use of their bones in traditional medicines, especially in the
Asian countries left the tiger population on the verge of extinction.

Q2) Name 5 tiger reserves in India

Ans:- Five tiger reserves in India are-Corbett National Park in Uttarakhand,

Sunderbans National Park in West Bengal, Bandhavgarh National Park in Madhya
Pradesh, Sariska Wildlife Sanctuary in Rajasthan, Manas Tiger Reserve in Assam.

Q3) Why conservation of tiger is given so much importance?

Ans:- Tiger conservation is not merely an effort to protect an endangered species.

Tiger act as key species is ecosystem and helps to maintain a balance by keeping the
population of herbivores in check and maintain a healthy balance.

Case Study 4 :-
India, known for its rich biodiversity and vast forested areas, is facing an alarming
issue – the depletion of its forest cover. This decline in forested regions is a cause for
concern due to its far-reaching ecological, economic, and social consequences.
Several factors contribute to the diminishing forest area in India. Deforestation driven
by urbanization, infrastructure development, agriculture expansion, and illegal logging
poses a significant threat. Additionally, forest fragmentation disrupts wildlife habitats
and ecological balance. The consequences are severe: loss of biodiversity, reduced
water retention, increased carbon emissions, and diminished livelihoods for forest-
dependent communities. Recognizing the urgency, India has implemented
afforestation and reforestation programs, strengthened conservation efforts, and
promoted sustainable forestry practices. Preserving and expanding forest cover is
imperative for India’s sustainable future. This requires a concerted effort from
government, communities, and individuals to protect and restore these invaluable
ecosystems.

Q1) Give a brief account of classification of forest in India? Mark 2

Ans:- In India forest are classified mainly into following categories

More than half of the total forest land has been declared
reserved forests. Reserved forests are regarded as the most valuable a
the conservation of forest and wildlife resources are concerned.
Reserve Forest
Almost one-third of the total forest area is protected forest, as declare
Forest Department. This
forest land are protected from any further depletion.
Protected Forest
These are other forests and wastelands belonging to
Unclassified Forest both government and private individuals and communities.

Q2) Write about distribution of forest in India in state wise manner? Mark 2

Q2) Write about distribution of forest in India in state wise manner? Mark 2

Ans:- Madhya Pradesh has the largest area under permanent forests,constituting 75
per cent of its total forest area.Jammu and Kashmir, Andhra Pradesh, Uttarakhand,
Kerala, Tamil Nadu, West Bengal, and Maharashtra have large percentages of
reserved forests of its total forest area whereas Bihar, Haryana, Punjab, Himachal
Pradesh, Odisha and Rajasthan have a bulk of it under protected forests.

Case Study 5 :-
Local participation is instrumental in preserving forest areas in India. The involvement
of communities residing near forests plays a crucial role in sustainable forest
management and conservation for several reasons. Local communities often possess
invaluable traditional knowledge about forest ecosystems, including sustainable
harvesting techniques, medicinal plants, and wildlife behavior. This knowledge is
essential for the effective management of forests. Their livelihoods are often closely
linked to the forest’s health, encouraging responsible resource use and protection
against illegal activities like logging and poaching. Empowering local communities
through sustainable livelihood opportunities derived from forests, such as non-timber
forest products or eco-tourism, reduces their dependence on destructive activities and
aligns their interests with conservation goals. Many indigenous and local communities
have deep cultural and spiritual connections with the land. This cultural significance
often drives a sense of responsibility and reverence for the forest.

Q1) What are the problems in conservation strategies in India? 1

Ans:- In India forest also serve a home to many tribal people and hence once a area is
declared as conservation reserve people are forced to move out creating a resentment
between government and citizens. Furthermore delay in compensation fuel to this
problem.

Q2) Write about various environment movement happened in India? 1

Ans:- Chipko Movement in Himalayas resisted the deforestation in several areas,

whereas people of Rajasthan in alwar district declared a forest area “Bhairodev
Dakav ‘Sonchuri” declaring their own set of rules to preserve flora and fauna shows
the commitment of local people to preserve the environment .

Q3) What do you mean by scared groves . Give example 2

Ans:- nature worship and beliefs have preserved several virgin forests in pristine
form called Sacred Groves (the forests of God and Goddesses). These patches of
forest or parts of large forests have been left untouched by the local people and any
interference with them is banned.
For example The Mundas and the Santhal of Chota Nagpur region worship mahua
(Bassia latifolia) and kadamba (Anthocaphalus cadamba) trees.

Case Study 6:
Forest conflicts in India are complex struggles between various stakeholders,
including indigenous and local communities, the government, and industries. These
conflicts typically arise due to competing interests over forest resources and land.
Indigenous and local communities often find themselves marginalized, facing threats
to their traditional way of life and land rights when forest land is allocated for
infrastructure, mining, or large-scale development projects.
The conflict also extends to conservation efforts, as stringent forest protection
measures can lead to the displacement of communities residing in protected areas.
This conflict between conservation and livelihoods highlights the need for a balanced
approach that respects the rights and knowledge of forest-dependent communities
while safeguarding the environment.
Efforts to address these conflicts include the Forest Rights Act, which recognizes the
land and resource rights of indigenous and forest-dwelling communities, and
initiatives to promote community-based forest management.
Q1) Joint forest management can help in reducing conflict between citizen and
government in India. Give points to support the statement.2

Ans:- Joint Forest management depends on the formation of local (village)

institutions that undertake protection activities mostly on degraded forest land
managed by the forest department. In return, the members of these communities are
entitled to intermediary benefits like non-timber forest produces and share in the
timber harvested by ‘successful protection’. Hence both the parties interest are
converging conflict is replaced by cooperation.

Q2) Why conservation of flora and fauna is important for human existence? 2

Ans:- Humans along with all living organisms form a complex web of ecological
system in which human beings are only a part and very much dependent on this
system for our own existence. For example, the plants, animals and micro-organisms
re-create the quality of the air we breathe, the water we drink and the soil that
produces our food without which human beings cannot survive.

Case Study 7 :-
Read the source given below and answer the questions that follow:

The biological loss is strongly correlated with the loss of cultural diversity.
Such losses have increasingly marginalized and impoverished many
indigenous and other forest-dependent communities, who directly depend on
various components of the forest and wildlife for food,
drink, medicine, culture, spirituality, etc. Within the poor, women are affected
more than men. In many societies, women bear the major responsibility of
collection of fuel, fodder, water and other basic subsistence needs. As these
resources are depleted, the drudgery of
women increases and sometimes they have to walk for more than 10 km to
collect these resources. This causes serious health problems for women and
negligence of home and children because of the increased hours of work,
which often has serious social implications.

The indirect impact of degradation such as severe drought or deforestation-

induced floods, etc. also hits the poor the hardest.
(i)Mention the importance of forests in our life.
(ii) How does biological loss of forest and wildlife correlate with the loss of
cultural diversity?

Answer:

(i)Importance of forests in our life:

Forests provide us with wood, food, medicines, honey, etc.
Forests are a habitat for a number of animals.
Forests help to maintain ecological balance and food chain, rain, oxygen, etc.
(ii)Loss of cultural diversity: Many indigenous communities depend on forests
for various components of forest and wildlife will be increasingly marginalized
and impoverished
Women have to walk long distance to collect basic necessities, increased
hours of work,this causes health problems.

Natural calamities like severe drought and deforestation induced floods will
increase.
If forests are destroyed poor people will be deprived of the basic necessities.

2.Read the source given below and answer the questions that follow:

Irrigation has also changed the cropping pattern of many regions with farmers
shifting to water intensive and commercial crops. This has great ecological
consequences like Stalinization of soil.
At the same time, it has transformed the social landscape for e.g.; increasing
the social gap between the richer land owners and landless poor. As a result,
we can see, the dams did create conflicts between people wanting different
uses and benefits from the same water resources. In Gujarat, the Sabarmati
basin farmers were agitated and almost caused a riot over the higher priority
given to water supply in Urban areas, particularly during droughts. Inter-state
water disputes were also becoming common with regard to sharing the costs
and benefits of multi-purpose projects.

(i) How did cropping pattern change by irrigation?

(ii) Analyse the statement “Dams created conflict between people.”
(iii) What are the consequences of irrigation on Soil and social landscape

Answer:

(i) Many farmers because of increased availability of water have switched

over to the cultivation
of water intensive commercial crops such as Jute/Cotton and Tea, rather than
food grains such as
Bajra, Wheat and Ragi.
(ii) Dams cause mostly internal disputes for the sharing and non-sharing of
water benefits to each
other. Displacement of local people of the area.
(iii) Water logging and salinisation of soil is common problem associated with
irrigation.

3.Read the source given below and answer the questions that follow:

Industrial locations are complex in nature. These are influenced by availability

of raw material, labour, capital, power and market, etc. It is rarely possible to
find all these factors available at one place. Consequently, manufacturing
activity tends to locate at the most appropriate place where all the factors of
industrial location are either available or can be arranged at lower cost. After
an industrial activity starts, urbanisation follows. Sometimes, industries are
located in or near the cities. Thus, industrialisation and urbanisation go hand
in hand. Cities provide markets and also provide services such as banking,
insurance, transport, labour, consultants and financial advice, etc. to the
industry. Many industries tend to come together to make use of the
advantages offered by the urban centres known as agglomeration
economies. Gradually, a large industrial agglomeration takes place.
 (i) On what factors are the location of the industry dependent on?
(ii) What do you understand by agglomeration economies?
(iii) How do industrialisation and urbanisation go hand in hand?

Answer:

(i) It is dependent on availability of raw material, labour, capital, power and

market, etc.
(ii) Many industries tend to come together to make use of the advantages
offered by the urban centres known as agglomeration economies.
(iii) Cities provide markets and also provide services such as banking,
insurance, transport, labour, consultants and financial advice, etc. to the
industry.

4.Read the extract given below and answer the questions that follow:

The value of final goods and services produced in each sector during a
particular year provides the total production of the sector for that year. And
the sum of production in the three sectors gives what is called the Gross
Domestic Product (GDP) of a country. It is the value of all final goods and
services produced within a country during a particular year. GDP shows how
big the economy is. In India, the mammoth task of measuring GDP is
undertaken by a central government ministry. This Ministry, with the help of
various government departments of all the Indian states and union territories,
collects information relating to total volume of goods and services and their
prices and then estimates the GDP. When we produce a good by exploiting
natural resources, it is an activity of the primary sector. The secondary sector
in which natural products are changed into other forms through ways of
manufacturing that we associate with industrial activity. After primary and
secondary, there is a third category of activities that falls under the tertiary
sector and is different from the above two. These are activities that help in the
development of the primary and secondary sectors. These activities, by
themselves, do not produce a good but they are an aid or a support for the
production process.

(i) Which sector has emerged as the largest producing sector in India?
(ii) Life insurance is an activity of which sector?
(iii) What is GDP?
Answer:

(i)Tertiary Sector
(ii) Tertiary Sector
(iii) The money value of all the final goods and services produced within a
country during a particular year.

5.Read the extract given below and answer the questions that follow:

In 1956, an Act was passed to recognise Sinhala as the only official

language, thus disregarding Tamil.
The governments followed preferential policies that favoured Sinhala
applicants for university positions and government jobs. A new constitution
stipulated that the state shall protect and foster Buddhism. All these
government measures, coming one after the other, gradually increased the
feeling of alienation among the Sri Lankan Tamils. They felt that none of the
major political parties led by the Buddhist Sinhala leaders was sensitive to
their language and culture. They felt that the constitution and government
policies denied them equal political rights, discriminated against them in
getting jobs and other opportunities and ignored their interests. As a result,
the relations between the Sinhala and Tamil communities strained over time.
The Sri Lankan Tamils launched parties and struggles for the recognition of
Tamil as an official language, for regional autonomy and equality of
opportunity in securing education and jobs. But their demand for more
autonomy to provinces populated by the Tamils was repeatedly denied. By
1980s several political organisations were formed demanding an independent
Tamil Eelam in northern and eastern parts of Sri Lanka.

1. What is the moral reason behind power sharing?

A It gives absolute power to the government

B. It gives absolute power to the people.
C. It is the very spirit of democracy
D. It ensures development.

2- Which is the official language of Sri-Lanka?

A .Hindi
B. Tamil
C. Sinhala
D. None of these

3- Sri-Lanka emerged as an independent country in----

A.1956
B.1948
C .1947
D.1951

4. Sri-Lanka is an island nation, just a few kilometres off the southern coast of

A. Tamil Nadu
B. Kerala
C. Goa
D. Karnataka

5. Population of Sri-Lankan Tamils is concentrated in- regions of Sri-Lanka.

A. North and East

B. North and south
C. North and West
D. South and west

Answer.

1. C.It is the very spirit of democracy

2. C Sinhala
3. B.1948
4. A. Tamil Nadu
5. A. North and East