LG-11 First & Third Angle Projection

Ministry of Education
Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
On Site Building Construction Management

Road Construction Management
Waterworks Construction Management
NTQF IV
Learning Guide # 11
Unit of Competence: Technical Drawing
Module Title: General Engineering Skills
LG Code: BTCT1011
TTLM Code: CON TD3 TTLM 0510v1
LO11: First Angle Projection and Third Angle

Projection
Instruction Sheet Learning Guide 11
This learning guide is developed to provide you the necessary information regarding
the following content coverage and topics;
• First angle projection
• Third angle projection
• L-Shape views and normal surfaces
• Isometric sketches view
This guide will also assist you to attain the learning outcome stated in the cover page.
Specifically, upon completion of this Learning Guide, you will be able:
• to understand the basic principles of first and third angle projection
• to construct L- shape views of simple objects
• to sketch isometric views
• to make drawing exercises applying the first and third angle projection method.
Learning Activities
1. Read the specific objectives of this Learning Guide #11.

2. Read the information written in the “Information Sheets 1 and 2. Try to understand
what are being discussed. Ask you teacher for assistance if you have hard time
understanding them.
3. Accomplish the “Self-check-1” .
4. Submit your accomplished Self-check 1. This will form part of your training portfolio.
5. If you earned a satisfactory evaluation proceed to “Operation Sheet”. However, if your

rating is unsatisfactory, see your teacher for further instructions or go back to
Learning Activity #11.
6. Read the “Operation Sheet” and try to understand the procedures discussed.
7. Request access to the instruments and materials described. Practice the steps or
procedures as illustrated in operation sheet. Go to your teacher if you need
clarification or you want answers to your questions or you need assistance in
understanding a particular step or procedure.
8. Do the “LAP test” (if you are ready) and show your output to your teacher. Your
teacher will evaluate your output either satisfactory or unsatisfactory. If
unsatisfactory, your teacher shall advice you on additional work. But if satisfactory
you can proceed to Learning Guide #12.
First Angle Projection and Third Angle

Information Sheet-1
Projection
Principles of first and third angle orthographic projection
First angle projection
Assume that a small block is made 35 mm by 30 mm by 20 mm and that two of the

corners are cut away as shown below in three stages. Figure 4.2 illustrates a pictorial
view of the block
and this has been arranged in an arbitrary way because none of the faces are more
important than the others. In order to describe the orthographic views we need to select
a principal view and in this case we have chosen the view in direction of arrow A to be
the view from the front. The five arrows point to different surfaces of the block and five
views will result. The arrows themselves are positioned square to the surfaces, that is at
900 to the surfaces and they are also at 900, or multiples of 900 to each other. The views
are designated as follows:
View in direction A is the view from the front,
View in direction B is the view from the left,
View in direction C is the view from the right,
View in direction D is the view from above,
View in direction E is the view from below.
In first angle projection the views in the dire

directions
ctions of arrows B, C, D and E are arranged
with reference to the front view as follows:
The view from B is placed on the right,
The view from C is placed on the left,
The view from D is placed underneath,
The view from E is placed above.
The experienced draughtsman will commit the above rules to memory. It is customary to
state the projection used on orthographic drawings to remove all doubt, or use the
distinguishing symbol which is shown on the arrangement in Fig. 4.3.
Top
Third angle projection
The difference between first and third angle projection is in the arrangement of views
and, with reference to the illustration in Fig. 4.4, views are now positioned as follows:
View B from the left is placed on the left,
View C from the right is placed on the right,
View D from above is placed above,
View E from below is placed underneath.
Study the rearrangement shown below in Fig. 4.4 and remember the above rules
because it is vital that the principles of first and third angle projection are understood.
The distinguishing symbol for this method is also shown. If a model is made of the block
in Fig. 4.1, and this can easily be cut from polystyrene foam used in packing, then a
simple demonstration of first and third angle projection can be arranged by placing the
block on the drawing board and moving it in the direction of the four chain dotted lines
terminating in arrows in Fig. 4.5. Figure 4.5(a) shows the positioning for first angle and
Fig. 4.5(b) for third angle projection.
The view in each case in the direction of the large arrow will give the five views already
explained. The terms first and third angle correspond with the notation used in
mathematics for the quadrants of a circle in Fig. 4.6 the block is shown pictorially in the
first quadrant with three of the surfaces on which views are projected. The surfaces are
known as planes and the principal view in direction of arrow A is projected on to the
principal vertical plane. The view from D is projected on to a horizontal plane. View B is
also projected on to a vertical plane at 90° to the principal vertical plane and the
horizontal plane and this is known as an auxiliary vertical plane.
Another horizontal plane can be positioned above for the projection from arrow E, also
a second auxiliary vertical plane on the left for the projection of view C. Notice that the
projections to each of the planes are all parallel, meeting the planes at right
ri angles and
this a feature of orthographic projection.
The intersection of the vertical and horizontal planes give a line which is the ground line
GL. This line is often referred to as the XY line; this is useful in projection problems
since it represents
ents the position of the horizontal plane with reference to a front view and
also the position of the vertical plane with reference to a plan view. Many examples
follow in the text. If the planes containing the three views are folded back into the plane
of the drawing board, then the result is shown in Fig. 4.7 where dimensions have also
been added.
The draughtsman adjusts the distances between views to provide adequate spaces for
the dimensions and notes. To describe a simple object, a draughtsman does not n need
to draw all five views and it is customary to draw only the minimum number which
completely illustrate the component. You will note in this particular case that we have
omitted views which contain dotted lines in preference to those where corners and a
edges face the observer. Many parts do not have a definite ‘front’, ‘top’ or ‘side’ and the
orientation is decided by the draughtsman, who selects views to give the maximum
visual information.
Top
L-Shape Views
Align views with each other (features project from one view to the next).
next) In
aligning views the L-Shape
Shape view is being observed and this the international
standard views in creating building floor plans.
Normal Surfaces
Parallel to one of the six glass panes of our transparent cube

Perpendicular (normal) to the projectors to/from that plane
Shown true size and shape in the view that they are parallel to each other.
Seen as edges (lines) in the other principal views
A is 1 and 4
B is 2 and 3
Information Sheet-2 Isometric Sketches Views
Hidden Lines
• Construct the top, front and right side views of the objects shown in isometric.
• Make sure your views are aligned and hidden lines are included as necessary
• Compare your answer
Missing Views
Constructing the third view helps visualization skills.
3−D
−D object has edges and surfaces and they appear differently in various views.
• Edge:: a point, edge or surface

• Surface:: surface or edge
When constructing the third view,
• Points project perpendicu

perpendicularly from one view to the next
• Object dimensions (height, width and depth) are preserved from one view
to the next
Self-Check-1 Written Test
Name: _________________________________ Date: _______________

Time Started: _________________ Time Finished: _______________
Enumeration:
Directions: : Answer all the questions listed below. Illustrations may be necessary to aid
some explanations/answers. (2points each)
A.) State at least two importance of using L-Shape method?
1._____________________________
2._____________________________
B.) Enumerate the two types of angle projections.
3.______________________________
4.______________________________
C.) What are the three views indicated on L-shape method?
5. ____________________________
6._____________________________
7._____________________________
D) On the figure below, supply the missing word on each box shown and write your
answers on the provided space.
9.______________________________
10._____________________________
11._____________________________
12._____________________________
Note: Satisfactory rating - 13points Unsatisfactory - below 13 points

You can ask you teacher for the copy of the correct answers.
Operation Sheet First Angle and Third Angle Projection
Purpose :
The purpose of this learning guide is to develop your skills in drawing a
First and Third Angle projection views. Also to provide you the necessary
information regarding the following content coverage and topics of L-Shape
views and normal surfaces in Isometric sketches view.
Conditions or Situations for The Operation:

Using a lead pencil and set of triangles and t-square, accomplish the given
task of constructing the required views in a drawing paper with standard title
block and border line.
Equipment, Tools and Materials:

HB drawing pencil lead
4H drawing pencil lead
45º x 90º triangle
30º x 60º triangle
Eraser
T-square
Drawing table
Drawing papers
Procedure:
1. Set up your drawing paper on top of the drawing board.
2. Use the drawing template format given to you by your teacher.
3. Be sure to check the sharpness of your pencil lead. Use standard
sharpening for good aesthetic result of your work.
4. Using the basic drawing instruments and materials, perform the drawing
task in the given drawing problems.
5. Use appropriate pencil lead in your drafting works.
6. On your LAP test, there are series of problem exercises. Part 1 -Complete
the drawing by finding the missing isometric view. The Orthographic views
are given in L-shape method. Part 2 – Find the orthographic views on the
given isometric view of an object.
7. You may submit your finish work once you are true but should be within
the time specified for submission.
Precautions:
1. Some of the instruments are pointed objects, observe standard
safety of works.
2. Place the drawing instruments in a safe location when in idle.
3. Observe proper posture of body in drafting works to avoid if not
minimize body stress.
Quality Criteria:
1. Observe proper use of construction lines.

2. Do not erase the guidelines as it adds aesthetic looks to the drafting
works.
3. Uniform line weight and intensity or darkness of pencil lead.
4. Observe neatness of workmanship.
LAP Test -1 Find the Missing Isometric View
Replace the question mark with the correct isometric view by

putting check on one of the four models shown.







Answer on LAP Test -1 The Missing Isometric View
You are correct !..... if you check and replace the question mark
with this isometric view.
CONGRATULATIONS....
CONGRATULATIONS....
CONGRATULATIONS....
CONGRATULATIONS....
CONGRATULATIONS....
CONGRATULATIONS....
CONGRATULATIONS....
CONGRATULATIONS....
You can now proceed to LAP Test -2

LAP Test - 2 Practical Demonstration
Below are some exercises for you to practice.

Accomplish all exercises given below and show your
result in Drafting applying L- shape method in
finding the orthographic views.
YOU MAY BEGIN NOW............
1 2 3
4 5
8
6
7
Proceed to the next page

Answer on LAP Test -2 Find the Orthographic Views
2
4
6

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Ministry of Education

Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

On Site Building Construction Management

LO11: First Angle Projection and Third Angle

Instruction Sheet Learning Guide 11

1. Read the specific objectives of this Learning Guide #11.

3. Accomplish the “Self-check-1” .

5. If you earned a satisfactory evaluation proceed to “Operation Sheet”. However, if your

First Angle Projection and Third Angle

Principles of first and third angle orthographic projection

First angle projection

Assume that a small block is made 35 mm by 30 mm by 20 mm and that two of the

In first angle projection the views in the dire

Third angle projection

Parallel to one of the six glass panes of our transparent cube

Seen as edges (lines) in the other principal views

Information Sheet-2 Isometric Sketches Views

• Edge:: a point, edge or surface

When constructing the third view,

• Points project perpendicu

Self-Check-1 Written Test

Name: _________________________________ Date: _______________

A.) State at least two importance of using L-Shape method?

B.) Enumerate the two types of angle projections.

C.) What are the three views indicated on L-shape method?

Note: Satisfactory rating - 13points Unsatisfactory - below 13 points

Operation Sheet First Angle and Third Angle Projection

Conditions or Situations for The Operation:

Equipment, Tools and Materials:

1. Observe proper use of construction lines.

LAP Test -1 Find the Missing Isometric View

Replace the question mark with the correct isometric view by

Replace the question mark with the correct isometric view by

Replace the question mark with the correct isometric view by

Replace the question mark with the correct isometric view by

Replace the question mark with the correct isometric view by

Replace the question mark with the correct isometric view by

Replace the question mark with the correct isometric view by

Replace the question mark with the correct isometric view by

Answer on LAP Test -1 The Missing Isometric View

You can now proceed to LAP Test -2

LAP Test - 2 Practical Demonstration

Below are some exercises for you to practice.

YOU MAY BEGIN NOW............

Proceed to the next page

Answer on LAP Test -2 Find the Orthographic Views

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Name: ___________________ Date: _