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Unit-3 - text and file processing

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6 views

Unit-3 - text and file processing

Uploaded by

aayushi.22scse1180244
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Text and File Processing

67
Strings
 string: A sequence of text characters in a program.
 Strings start and end with quotation mark " or apostrophe ' characters.
 Examples:
"hello"
"This is a string"
"This, too, is a string. It can be very long!"

 A string may not span across multiple lines or contain a " character.
"This is not
a legal String."
"This is not a "legal" String either."

 A string can represent characters by preceding them with a backslash.


 \t tab character
 \n new line character
 \" quotation mark character
 \\ backslash character

 Example: "Hello\tthere\nHow are you?"

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Indexes
 Characters in a string are numbered with indexes starting at 0:
 Example:
name = "P. Diddy"

index 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
character P . D i d d y

 Accessing an individual character of a string:


variableName [ index ]

 Example:
print name, "starts with", name[0]

Output:
P. Diddy starts with P

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String properties
 len(string) - number of characters in a string
(including spaces)
 str.lower(string) - lowercase version of a string
 str.upper(string) - uppercase version of a string

 Example:
name = "Martin Douglas Stepp"
length = len(name)
big_name = str.upper(name)
print big_name, "has", length, "characters"

Output:
MARTIN DOUGLAS STEPP has 20 characters

70
raw_input
 raw_input : Reads a string of text from user input.
 Example:
name = raw_input("Howdy, pardner. What's yer name? ")
print name, "... what a silly name!"
Output:
Howdy, pardner. What's yer name? Paris Hilton
Paris Hilton ... what a silly name!

71
Text processing
 text processing: Examining, editing, formatting text.
 often uses loops that examine the characters of a string one by one

 A for loop can examine each character in a string in sequence.


 Example:
for c in "booyah":
print c
Output:
b
o
o
y
a
h

72
Strings and numbers
 ord(text) - converts a string into a number.
 Example: ord("a") is 97, ord("b") is 98, ...

 Characters map to numbers using standardized mappings such as


ASCII and Unicode.

 chr(number) - converts a number into a string.


 Example: chr(99) is "c"

 Exercise: Write a program that performs a rotation cypher.


 e.g. "Attack" when rotated by 1 becomes "buubdl"

73
File processing
 Many programs handle data, which often comes from files.

 Reading the entire contents of a file:


variableName = open("filename").read()

Example:
file_text = open("bankaccount.txt").read()

74
Line-by-line processing
 Reading a file line-by-line:
for line in open("filename").readlines():
statements

Example:
count = 0
for line in open("bankaccount.txt").readlines():
count = count + 1
print "The file contains", count, "lines."

 Exercise: Write a program to process a file of DNA text, such as:


ATGCAATTGCTCGATTAG
 Count the percent of C+G present in the DNA.

75

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