CAMBRIDGE INTERNATIONAL EXAMINATIONS

GCE Advanced Level

MARK SCHEME for the May/June 2013 series

9231 FURTHER MATHEMATICS

9231/21 Paper 2, maximum raw mark 100

This mark scheme is published as an aid to teachers and candidates, to indicate the requirements of
the examination. It shows the basis on which Examiners were instructed to award marks. It does not
indicate the details of the discussions that took place at an Examiners’ meeting before marking began,
which would have considered the acceptability of alternative answers.

Mark schemes should be read in conjunction with the question paper and the Principal Examiner
Report for Teachers.

Cambridge will not enter into discussions about these mark schemes.

Cambridge is publishing the mark schemes for the May/June 2013 series for most IGCSE, GCE
Advanced Level and Advanced Subsidiary Level components and some Ordinary Level components.
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Mark Scheme Notes

Marks are of the following three types:

M Method mark, awarded for a valid method applied to the problem. Method marks are not
lost for numerical errors, algebraic slips or errors in units. However, it is not usually
sufficient for a candidate just to indicate an intention of using some method or just to quote
a formula; the formula or idea must be applied to the specific problem in hand, e.g. by
substituting the relevant quantities into the formula. Correct application of a formula without
the formula being quoted obviously earns the M mark and in some cases an M mark can be
implied from a correct answer.

A Accuracy mark, awarded for a correct answer or intermediate step correctly obtained.
Accuracy marks cannot be given unless the associated method mark is earned (or implied).

B Mark for a correct result or statement independent of method marks.

• When a part of a question has two or more "method" steps, the M marks are generally
independent unless the scheme specifically says otherwise; and similarly when there are several
B marks allocated. The notation DM or DB (or dep*) is used to indicate that a particular M or B
mark is dependent on an earlier M or B (asterisked) mark in the scheme. When two or more
steps are run together by the candidate, the earlier marks are implied and full credit is given.

• The symbol √ implies that the A or B mark indicated is allowed for work correctly following on
from previously incorrect results. Otherwise, A or B marks are given for correct work only. A and
B marks are not given for fortuitously "correct" answers or results obtained from incorrect
working.

• Note: B2 or A2 means that the candidate can earn 2 or 0.

B2/1/0 means that the candidate can earn anything from 0 to 2.

The marks indicated in the scheme may not be subdivided. If there is genuine doubt whether a
candidate has earned a mark, allow the candidate the benefit of the doubt. Unless otherwise
indicated, marks once gained cannot subsequently be lost, e.g. wrong working following a correct
form of answer is ignored.

• Wrong or missing units in an answer should not lead to the loss of a mark unless the scheme
specifically indicates otherwise.

• For a numerical answer, allow the A or B mark if a value is obtained which is correct to 3 s.f., or
which would be correct to 3 s.f. if rounded (1 d.p. in the case of an angle). As stated above, an A
or B mark is not given if a correct numerical answer arises fortuitously from incorrect working. For
Mechanics questions, allow A or B marks for correct answers which arise from taking g equal to
9.8 or 9.81 instead of 10.

© Cambridge International Examinations 2013

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The following abbreviations may be used in a mark scheme or used on the scripts:

AEF Any Equivalent Form (of answer is equally acceptable)

AG Answer Given on the question paper (so extra checking is needed to ensure that the
detailed working leading to the result is valid)

BOD Benefit of Doubt (allowed when the validity of a solution may not be absolutely clear)

CAO Correct Answer Only (emphasising that no "follow through" from a previous error is
allowed)

CWO Correct Working Only – often written by a “fortuitous” answer

ISW Ignore Subsequent Working

MR Misread

PA Premature Approximation (resulting in basically correct work that is insufficiently

accurate)

SOS See Other Solution (the candidate makes a better attempt at the same question)

SR Special Ruling (detailing the mark to be given for a specific wrong solution, or a case
where some standard marking practice is to be varied in the light of a particular
circumstance)

Penalties

MR –1 A penalty of MR –1 is deducted from A or B marks when the data of a question or part

question are genuinely misread and the object and difficulty of the question remain
unaltered. In this case all A and B marks then become "follow through " marks. MR is
not applied when the candidate misreads his own figures – this is regarded as an error
in accuracy. An MR–2 penalty may be applied in particular cases if agreed at the
coordination meeting.

PA –1 This is deducted from A or B marks in the case of premature approximation. The PA

–1 penalty is usually discussed at the meeting.

© Cambridge International Examinations 2013

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Question Mark Scheme Details Part Total

Number Mark

1 State or imply length of CP or equivalent: CP = 4a or sin θ = 3/5

e.g. for angle CPA = θ or cos θ = 4/5 B1

EITHER: 2 moment. eqns for R and F,

e.g. about P: 5aF = 2a mg cos θ ; F = 8mg/25 M1;A1
about C: 3aR cos θ – 3aF sin θ = a mg cos θ M1

R = (4mg + 9F)/12 = 43mg/75 M1 A1

Solve for R:

OR: 3aT = 2a mg cos θ [T = 8mg/15] (M1)

Take moments about A to give tension T: F = T sin θ ; = 8mg/25 (M1;A1)
Resolve horizontally to find friction at A: R = mg – T cos θ ;= = 43mg/75 (M1;A1)
Resolve horizontally to find reaction at A:
µmin = 24/43 A.G. M1 A1
Use F = µmin R to find µmin: 8 8

2 Use conservation of momentum, e.g.: 4mvA + 2mvB = 4mu M1

Use Newton’s law of restitution
(consistent signs) vA – vB = – eu M1
Relate vA to u using K.E.: ½ 4mvA2 = ¼ ½ 4mu2 [vA2 = ¼ u2] M1

EITHER : Consider one possible value of vA: vA = ½ u, vB = u, e = ½ B1

Consider other value of vA: vA = –½ u, vB = 3u, e = 3½ (B1)
OR: Combine first 2 eqns to find vA: vA = ⅓(2 – e)u, [vB = ⅔(1 + e)u]
Find 2 possible values of e from
K.E: (2 – e)2 = 9/4, e2 – 4e + 7/4 = 0
e = ½ or 3½ (B1)
Select one value (stating reason): e ≤ 1 (or < 1) so e = ½ A.G. B1 6

Use conservation of momentum, e.g. 2mvB′ + mvC = 2mvB + ½ mu M1

Use Newton’s law of restitution (consistent
signs): vB′ – vC = – e(vB – ½ u) M1
Substitute vB = u and solve for vB′ : 2vB′ + vC = 5u/2 and
vB′ – vC = – ¼ u so vB′ = ¾ u M1 A1
State why no further collisions
( on vB′, vA provided vB′ > vA): ¾ u > ½ u [vC = u not reqd.] B1 5 11

© Cambridge International Examinations 2013

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3 Use conservation of energy: ½mv2 = ½mu2 – mga(1 – cos θ) M1 A1

(allow B1 here if found by v2 = u2 – 2gh)

Use F = ma radially: T – mg cos θ = mv2/a B1

Eliminate v2 to find T: T = mu2/a + mg(3 cos θ – 2) A.G. M1 A1 5

Find or use max. and min. values of T: Tmax = mu2/a + mg B1

Tmin = mu2/a – 5mg B1

Find u from Tmax / Tmin = 3: u2/a + g = 3u2/a – 15g,

2u2/a = 16g, u = √(8ag) A.E.F. M1 A1 4

Find cos θ from T = ½Tmax [= ½ 9mg]: 3 cos θ – 2 = – ½ u2/ag + ½ M1 A1

cos θ = ⅓ (2 – 4 + ½) = – ½ A1 3 12

4 Find MI of sphere about C: ISphere = ⅔ λm (3a)2 + λm (7a)2 M1 A1

Find MI of rod about C: IRod = ⅓ 4m (3a/2)2 + 4m (5a/2)2 M1 A1
Find MI of ring about C: IRing = 4m (½ a)2 + 4m (½ a)2 M1
Combine to give MI of system about C: I = (55λ + 28 + 2) ma2
= (30 + 55λ) ma2 A.G. A1 6

Find eqn of motion for system: I d2θ/dt2 =

– (λ × 7 + 4 × 5/2 + 4 × ½) mga sin θ M1 A1
Approximate sin θ by θ and find ω2 in
SHM eqn: ω2 = (12 + 7λ)g / (30 + 55λ)a M1 A1
Equate ω2 to 4π2/T2 to find λ: 5(12 + 7λ) = 30 + 55λ; λ = 3/2 M1 A1 6 12

5 State both hypotheses (B0 if r not ρ H0: ρ = 0, H1: ρ < 0 B1

used): r12, 5% = 0⋅497 *B1
State or use correct tabular one-tail r Accept H0 if |r| < tabular value M1
value: No evidence of neg. correlation A1 4 4
Valid method for reaching conclusion,
e.g.:
Correct conclusion (AEF, dep *B1):

6 Identify distribution of X: Negative exponential B1

State mean of X: 5/3 or 1⋅67 B1 2

(i) Find P(X > 4): P(X > 4) = 1 – F(4)

= e-2⋅4
= 0⋅0907 M1 A1 2

(ii) State or use eqn. for median m of X: F(m) [or 1 – F(m)] = ½ M1

–0⋅6m
Find value of m: e = ½, m = (5/3) ln 2 or 1⋅16 M1 A1 3 7

7 Find 1st expected frequency E2: 3

∫
E2 = 80 3 x − 2 d x
2
3
= 80[ −3 x −1]
Find other expected frequencies: 2 4
= 40 A.G. M1 A1
E3 = 20, E4 = 12, E5 = 8 M1 A1

State (at least) null hypothesis: H0: f(x) fits data (A.E.F.) B1
Calculate χ2 (to 2 d.p.): χ2 = 0⋅4 + 4⋅05 + 0⋅75 + 0⋅5 = 5⋅7 M1 A1

© Cambridge International Examinations 2013

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State or use consistent tabular value: χ3, 0.9 2 = 6⋅25[1] *B1

Conclusion (A.E.F., on χ2, dep *B1): χ2 < 6⋅25 so f(x) does fit B1 5 9

8 EITHER
Integrate f(x) to find F(x) for 2 ≤ x ≤ 4: x
F( x ) = ∫ f (x ) d x M1 A1
Find G(y) for 8 ≤ y ≤ 64: 2
3
G(y) = P(Y < y) = P(X < y)
= P(X < y1/3) = F(y1/3)
OR Find G(y) for 8 ≤ y ≤ 64: = (y2/3 – 4)/12 M1 A1
G(y) = P(Y < y) = P(X3 < y)
= P(X < y1/3) = ∫ 2y1/3 f(x) dx (M1 A1)
State G(y) for other values of y:
Differentiate to find g(y) for 8 ≤ y ≤ 64:
[
= x 2 / 12 ] y1 / 3
2 ( )
= y 2 / 3 − 4 / 12 (M1 A1)
6
G(y) = 0 (y < 8), 1 (y > 64) B1
g(y) = y–1/3 /18 A.G. B1

EITHER: Find E(Y) from ∫yg(y):

OR: Find E(Y) from E(X3):
(1 / 18)∫8
64
[ ]
y 2 / 3 d y = (1 / 30) y 5 / 3
64
8 M1 A1

(1 / 6)∫2 x 4 d x = (1 / 30)[x5 ]8
Evaluate: 4 64
(M1 A1)
3 9
= (45 – 25)/30 = 992/30
= 496/15 or 33⋅1 A1

9 Find sample mean and estimate population

variance: x = 6⋅1, sx2 = (384 – 612/10) / 9
(allow biased here: 1⋅19 or 1⋅0912) = 1⋅322 or 119/90 or 1⋅152 M1
State hypotheses (B0 forx …): H0: µ = 5⋅2, H1: µ > 5⋅2 B1
Calculate value of t (to 3 s.f.):
t = ( x – 5⋅2)/(sx /√10) = 2⋅47[5] M1 A1
State or use correct tabular t value: t9, 0.95 = 1⋅83[3] *B1
(or can compare x = 6⋅1 with 5⋅2 + 0⋅667
= 5⋅87)
Correct conclusion (A.E.F., on t, dep t > 1⋅83 so mean is greater B1 6
*B1):

State hypotheses (B0 forx …), e.g.: H0: µP = µQ , H1: µP < µQ B1

State assumption (A.E.F.): Distributions have equal variances B1
Find sample mean [and estimate variance]
for Y : y = 7⋅0, [sy2 = (500⋅6 – 702/10) / 9
= 1⋅178 or 53/45 or 1⋅0852 ]
EITHER Estimate (pooled) common varian s2 = (9 × 1⋅322 + 9 × 1⋅178) / 18
or (384 – 612/10 + 500⋅6 – 702/10) / 18
= 1.25 or 1.182 M1 A1
OR (Equivalently) estimate
common variance:
Calculate value of t (to 3 s.f.): s2 = (1⋅322 + 1⋅178) / 10 = 0⋅25 (M1 A1)
t = ( y –x) / s = 1⋅8 (M1 A1)
State or use correct tabular t value:
(or can comparey –x = 0⋅9 with 0⋅867) t18, 0.95 = 1⋅73[4] *B1
Correct conclusion (A.E.F., on t, dep
*B1): 8 14
t > 1⋅73 so Q’s mean is greater B1

© Cambridge International Examinations 2013

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10 (a) Find K.E. after falling ka from P.E. and

E.P.E.: mg × ka – ½(3mg/2)(ka – a)2/a M1 =[A1
= mga(k – 3k2/4 + 3k/2 – ¾)
= ¼mga(10k – 3 – 3k2) A.G. A1 3

Find eqn. for k (or ka) at B using K.E. = 0: 3k2 – 10k + 3 = 0 (A.E.F.) M1

Find both roots and select root > 1: Roots 3 and ⅓, so k = 3 A.G. M1 A1 3
Find time t1 to fall a from A (under no
tension): a = ½ gt12, t1 = √(2a/g) B1

Find ext. e or distance fallen at

equilibrium pt O: mg = 3mge/2a,
e = 2a/3 or AO = 5a/3 B1
State or find SHM eqn. at x below (or above)
O: md2x/dt2 = mg – 3mg(x + e)/2a M1
d2x/dt2 = – 3gx/2a A1
State or use correct amplitude x0 and ω2: x0 = 4a/3 and ω2 = 3g/2a B1
Find time t2 to fall from a to 3a below A, e.g.: [–] e = x0 cos ωt2 M1
t2 = √(2a/3g) cos-1 (-½) (A.E.F.) A1
Find total time t1 + t2: √(2a/g) + (2π/3) √(2a/3g) A.G. A1 8 14

(b) Find 4 summations reqd. in this part: Σx = 12 + p, Σx2 = 38 + p2,

Σy = 23, [Σy2 = 125]
Σxy = 63 + 2p M1

EITHER: Substitute b1 = 1 in formula for

gradient: 63 + 2p – (12 + p) × 23/5
(A.E.F., A1 for each side) = 38 + p2 – (12 + p)2/5
or 39 – 13p = 4p2 – 24p + 46 M1 A1 A1

OR Substitute in normal eqns. or 5k + (12 + p) = 23 and

equivalent: (12 + p)k + (38 + p2) = 63 + 2p
(M1 A1 A1)
(A.E.F., A1 for each eqn.)

Obtain and solve quadratic for p (A.E.F): 0⋅8p2 – 2⋅2p + 1⋅4 = 0

or 4p2 – 11p + 7 = 0 M1 A1
p = 1, 1⋅75 (or 7/4) A1, A1 8

© Cambridge International Examinations 2013

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(i) Find eqn, for correlation coefficient with p = 1:

EITHER: r = (65 – 13 × 23/5) /

√{(39 – 132/5) (125 – 232/5)} M1 A1
= 5⋅2 / √(5⋅2 × 19⋅2) or
1⋅04 / √(1⋅04 × 3⋅84)

OR r2 = 1 × (65 – 13 × 23/5) / (125 – 232/5)

or 1 × (39 – 132/5) / (125 – 232/5)
= 5⋅2 / 19⋅2 or 1⋅04 / 3⋅84 M1 A1
Evaluate r r = √39/12 or 0⋅52 A1 3

(ii) EITHER: Recall or find gradient b2 of line: b2 = 5⋅2/19⋅2 or r2 [= 0⋅2708] M1

Find regression line of x on y: x – 13/5 = b2 (y – 23/5) M1
x = (13/48)y + 65/48
or 0⋅271y + 1⋅35 A1

OR Use normal eqns for x = a2 + b2y: 5a2 + 23b2 = 13 and (M1)

23a2 + 125b2 = 65 (M1)
Solve for a2, b2: b2 = 13/48 or 0⋅271
And a2 = 65/48 or 1⋅35 (A1) 3 14

© Cambridge International Examinations 2013