FAKULTI

UNIVERSITI
MEKANIKAL
KEJURUTERAAN
MARATEKNOLOGI
TRIBHUVAN UNIVERSITY
Institute of Management studies

LAB REPORT

PROGRAM BACHELOR OF INFORMATION MANAGEMENT

COURSE BUSINESS DATA COMMUNICATION AND NETWORKING
COURSE CODE IT 240
SUBMITTED BY NABIN SUNAR (14494/22)

UNIVERSITI KEJURUTERAAN
FAKULTI
MARA
MEKANIKAL TEKNOLOGI

-----------------------------------
SUPERVISIOR

Date:
Table of Contents

Lab Report 2:...........................................................................................................................5

Performing Communication Test and Data Transfer between Two Computers Using UTP Cable
...............................................................................................................................................5

Lab Report 3: Know data communication devices like: Router, Switch, Bridge, Hub, Repeater
etc...........................................................................................................................................8

Lab Report 4: Setting Up a Virtual Simulation Environment for Data Networking ..................11

Lab Report 5: Design LAN (local area network) using a central switching device and 4
computers (in Packet tracer). And extend the connection to 10 computers. ...........................14
Lab Report 2:

Performing Communication Test and Data Transfer between Two

Computers Using UTP Cable

Overview
This lab report details the process of establishing a communication test and transferring data
between two computers using a UTP Ethernet cable. The lab demonstrates how to configure
network settings using static IP addresses, and how to perform a ping test and data transfer.
This process is critical for ensuring proper network setup and data sharing in business
communication environments.

Task
The primary task is to set up a direct network connection between two computers using a UTP
Ethernet cable, configure network settings, perform a communication test using the ping
command, and transfer data between the computers.

Materials Needed

• Two computers with Ethernet ports

• Cat5 or Cat6 UTP Ethernet cable (straight or cross)
• Network configuration
• Test file for data transfer

Procedure
1. Connecting the Computers:
o Use a Cat5 or Cat6 UTP Ethernet cable to connect the Ethernet ports of the two
computers.

2. Configuring Network Settings with DHCP:

o On both computers, configure the network settings to set IP addresses
accordingly.

▪ Computer 1:
1. Open Network and Sharing Center or Network Settings.

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 2. Select the Ethernet connection and open its properties.

3. Double-click on "Internet Protocol Version 4 (TCP/IPv4)".

4. Select "Use following IP addresses" and set IP to 192.168.5.10

5. Click "OK" to save the settings.

▪ Computer 2:
1. Follow the same steps as Computer 1 to configure network
settings setting IP to 192.168.5.20.

3. Verifying the Connection:

o Open Command Prompt (cmd) on both computers.
o Use the ping command to test the connection between the two computers:
▪ On Computer 1, type: ping 192.168.5.20
▪ On Computer 2, type: ping 192.168.5.10

o Verify that replies are received from the opposite computer, confirming a
successful connection.

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 4. Transferring Data:
o Choose a file to transfer from Computer 1 to Computer 2.
o Use the following steps for file transfer:

Using Windows File Sharing:

o On Computer 1, right-click the file you want to share and select "Share with" and
then "Specific people".

o Select "Everyone" or a specific user and click "Share".

o On Computer 2, open File Explorer and navigate to the Network section. Locate
Computer 1 and access the shared file.

5. Confirming Data Transfer:

o On Computer 2, verify that the file has been received in the specified directory.

Outcome
The communication test and data transfer should be successful if the ping commands return
replies and the file is successfully transferred. The computers should be assigned IP addresses,
and the network connection should be confirmed.

Conclusion
This lab demonstrated how to establish a direct network connection between two computers
using a UTP Ethernet cable, configure the network settings static IP address, and perform
communication and data transfer tasks. The successful ping test and data transfer confirm that
the network connection is functional and correctly set up.

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Lab Report 3: Know data communication devices like: Router, Switch,
Bridge, Hub, Repeater etc.

Objective
The objective of this lab is to explore and understand the functionalities and characteristics of
various data communication devices, including Routers, Switches, Bridges, Hubs, and
Repeaters. The aim is to understand how these devices are used in a network and the role they
play in data communication.

Introduction
Data communication devices are essential components in any network setup. These devices
manage data traffic, extend network coverage, and ensure efficient data transmission between
devices. Each device serves a specific function and operates at different layers of the OSI model.

Devices:

1. Router:
The router is a physical or virtual internetworking device that is designed to receive,
analyze, and forward data packets between computer networks. A router examines a
destination IP address of a given data packet, and it uses the headers and forwarding
tables to decide the best way to transfer the packets.
A router works on the Network Layer (Layer 3 of the OSI model) of the OSI model, and it
is based on the IP address of a computer. It uses protocols such as ICMP to
communicate between two or more networks.

2. Switch:
A switch is a hardware device in a network that connects other devices, like computers
and servers. A switch works like a traffic cop at a busy intersection. When a data packet
arrives, the switch decides where it needs to go and sends it through the right port. It
does this by using the MAC (Media Access Control) addresses of the devices connected
to it.

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 When a switch receives a data packet, it checks the destination MAC address and sends
the packet directly to the corresponding port, instead of broadcasting it to all ports. It
works in Data Link Layer (Layer 2 of the OSI model).

3. Bridge:
A bridge is a network device that connects multiple sub-networks to create a single
network. It provides interconnection with other computer networks that use the same
protocol. Through a bridge, multiple LANs can be connected to form a larger and
extended LAN. A bridge connects two network segments and filters traffic by using MAC
addresses. It learns which devices are on which segment and only forwards data to the
correct segment, reducing unnecessary traffic and collisions, thereby improving network
performance. It works in the Data Link Layer (Layer 2 of the OSI model).

4. Hub:
Hub in networking plays a vital role in data transmission and broadcasting. A hub is a
hardware device used at the Physical Layer (Layer 1) of the OSI model to connect
multiple devices in the network. Hubs are widely used to connect LANs. A hub has
multiple ports. When a hub receives data from one device, it broadcasts the data to all
other devices connected to it. This means that all devices share the same bandwidth,
which can lead to collisions and reduced network performance, especially in busy
networks.

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 5. Repeater: A repeater is a network device that amplifies and regenerates signals to
extend the range of a network. It operates at the Physical Layer (Layer 1) of the OSI
model. When a signal weakens over long distances, the repeater boosts it, allowing the
data to travel further without degradation. Repeaters are commonly used to connect
segments of a network that are too far apart for direct communication.

Conclusion:
These were essential data communication devices. Understanding the role and functionality of
each device is crucial for network design and management. Routers, switches, bridges, hubs,
and repeaters each have distinct roles, from directing traffic between networks to amplifying
signals and segmenting traffic. Selecting the appropriate device for a specific application is key
to maintaining an efficient and reliable network.

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Lab Report 4: Setting Up a Virtual Simulation Environment for Data
Networking

Objective
The objective of this lab is to install and set up Cisco Packet Tracer (Student Version) to create a
virtual simulation environment for data networking. This software will be used to simulate
network configurations, practice networking concepts, and perform various lab exercises.

Procedure

Step 1: Download Cisco Packet Tracer

1. Access Packet Tracer:
o Choose the version compatible with your operating system.
2. Download the Installer:
o Click on the download link, and the installation file will start downloading.

Step 2: Install Cisco Packet Tracer

1. Run the Installer:
o Locate the downloaded installer file in your Downloads folder and double-click to
run it.
2. Follow the Installation Instructions:
o Follow the on-screen instructions to install Cisco Packet Tracer on your system.

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 3. Complete Installation:
o Once the installation is complete, click "Finish" to close the installer.

Step 3: Launch Cisco Packet Tracer

1. Open Packet Tracer:
o Locate the Cisco Packet Tracer icon on your desktop or in your Start menu and
open the application.

Results
After following the steps, you should have successfully installed Cisco Packet Tracer (Student
Version) and set up a basic virtual network. The environment is ready for further exploration
and practice of networking concepts.

Conclusion
The installation and setup of Cisco Packet Tracer provide a valuable tool for learning and
practicing networking skills. This virtual simulation environment allows students to design,
configure, and troubleshoot networks in a risk-free setting. Cisco Packet Tracer is an essential
resource for networking students, offering hands-on experience without the need for physical
hardware. It supports a wide range of networking protocols and devices, making it a versatile
tool for both beginners and advanced users.

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Lab Report 5: Design LAN (local area network) using a central switching
device and 4 computers (in Packet tracer). And extend the connection to
10 computers.

Objective:
To design and configure a Local Area Network (LAN) using a central switching device (switch) to
connect 4 computers initially and then extend the connection to 10 computers using Cisco
Packet Tracer.

Materials Used:
• Cisco Packet Tracer
• 4 PCs initially, extended to 10 PCs
• 1 Switch (e.g., Cisco 2960)
• Ethernet cables (Copper Straight-Through)

Network Topology:
• Initial Setup: A star topology with 4 PCs connected to a central switch.
• Extended Setup: The star topology extended to connect a total of 10 PCs to the same
switch.

Procedure:
1. Initial Configuration:
o Add Devices:
▪ Drag and drop 4 PCs onto the workspace.
▪ Drag and drop a switch (e.g., Cisco 2960) onto the workspace.
o Connect Devices:
▪ Use Copper Straight-Through cables to connect each PC's FastEthernet
port to the switch's available FastEthernet ports.
▪ PC1 → Switch Port FastEthernet0/1
▪ PC2 → Switch Port FastEthernet0/2
▪ PC3 → Switch Port FastEthernet0/3
▪ PC4 → Switch Port FastEthernet0/4

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 o Assign IP Addresses:
▪ Assign IP addresses to each PC from the same subnet.
▪ PC1: IP - 192.168.6.10
▪ PC2: IP - 192.168.6.20
▪ PC3: IP - 192.168.6.30
▪ PC4: IP - 192.168.6.40

Example:

2. Verification of Initial Setup:

o Ping Test:
▪ Open the command prompt on each PC.
▪ Ping the other PCs using their assigned IP addresses to ensure
connectivity.

Example:

3. Extending the Network to 10 PCs:

o Add Additional Devices:
▪ Drag and drop 6 more PCs onto the workspace.

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o Connect the Additional PCs:
▪ Use Copper Straight-Through cables to connect the additional PCs to the
switch's remaining FastEthernet ports.
▪ PC5 → Switch Port FastEthernet0/5
▪ PC6 → Switch Port FastEthernet0/6
▪ PC7 → Switch Port FastEthernet0/7
▪ PC8 → Switch Port FastEthernet0/8
▪ PC9 → Switch Port FastEthernet0/9
▪ PC10 → Switch Port FastEthernet0/10

o Assign IP Addresses:
▪ Assign IP addresses to the additional PCs from the same subnet.
▪ PC5: IP - 192.168.6.50
▪ PC6: IP - 192.168.6.60
▪ PC7: IP - 192.168.6.70
▪ PC8: IP - 192.168.6.80
▪ PC9: IP - 192.168.6.90
▪ PC10: IP - 192.168.6.100

Example:

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 4. Verification of Extended Setup:
o Ping Test:
▪ Open the command prompt on each of the 10 PCs.
▪ Ping other PCs in the network to ensure connectivity.

Example:

Conclusion:
The LAN was successfully designed and configured using a central switch. Initially, the network
connected 4 PCs, and then it was extended to accommodate 10 PCs. All devices within the
network can communicate effectively, as verified by successful ping tests across the entire
setup.

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