VELAMMAL ENGINEERING COLLEGE

Department of Computer Science and Engineering

19CS103T /Programming for Problem Solving using Python
19CS105T/Python Programming
UNIT-III STRINGS and LISTS
Strings-String slices, immutability, string methods and operations
-Lists-creating lists, list operations, list methods, mutability,
aliasing, cloning lists, list traversal, list processing
list comprehension. Illustrative programs: String palindrome,
linear search, binary search.
1. Strings:
❖ String is a sequence which is made up of one or more UNICODE
characters.
❖ The character can be a letter,digit, whitespace or any
other symbol.
❖ Python has a built-in string class named "str" that has many useful
features.
❖ A string can be created by enclosing one or more characters in
single,double or triple quote.
❖ To declare and define a string by creating a variable of string type:
>>> name = "India"
>>> graduate = 'N’
>>> str3 = """Hello World!"""
>>> str4 = '''Hello World!'''
>>>country = name nationality = str("Indian")
2. Accessing Characters in a String - Index:
❖ Individual characters in a string are accessed using the subscript ([])
operator. The expression in brackets is called an index.
❖ The index specifies a member of an ordered set and in this case it
specifies the character to be accessed from the given set of characters
in the string.
l=[1, 'a', 'abc',[40,50,60,70],2.5]
print(l[3][1])
Output:
50
#1: Using For loop
list = [1, 3, 5, 7, 9]
for i in list:
print(i)
Output :
1
3
5
7
9
#2: For loop and range()
list = [1, 3, 5, 7, 9]
length = len(list)
for i in range(length):
print(list[i])
Output :
1
3
5
7
`
9
#3: Using while loop
list = [1, 3, 5, 7, 9]
length = len(list) i = 0
while i < length:
print(list[i])
i += 1
Output :
1
3
5
7
9
x = [5, 2, 3]
y = [7, 9, 10]

print("Concatenation of list x and y :", x + y)

print("Repetition of list y :", y *3)
print("3 in x :", x + y)
print(x>y, x!=y)
print(len(x))
print("Maximum in list x :", max(x))
print("Minimum in list x :", min(x))
print("Sum of list x :", sum(x))
print("all fn using y :", all(y))
print("any fn using y :", any(y))
print("sorting list x :", sorted(x))
print("Converting string to list :", list("abcd"))
Output :
Concatenation of list x and y : [5, 2, 3, 7, 9, 10]
Repetition of list y : [7, 9, 10, 7, 9, 10, 7, 9, 10]
3 in x : [5, 2, 3, 7, 9, 10]
False True
3
Maximum in list x : 5
Minimum in list x : 2
Sum of list x : 10
all fn using y : True
any fn using y : True
sorting list x : [2, 3, 5]
Converting string to list : ['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']

n=[6,0,1,2,9,3,2,0,3]
print(n.index(9))
print(n.index(10))
Output :
4
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<string>", line 3, in <module>
ValueError: 10 is not in list

n=[6,0,1,2,9]
n.append(10)
print(n)
n.append([11,12,13])
print(n)
Output :
[6, 0, 1, 2, 9, 10]
[6, 0, 1, 2, 9, 10, [11, 12, 13]]
n=[6,0,1,2,9,3,2,0,3]
print(n.count(3))
Output :
2

n=[6,0,1,2,9]
n.remove(1)
n=[6,0,1,2,9]
n.insert(2,50)
print(n)
Output :
[6, 0, 50, 1, 2, 9]
n=[6,0,1,2,9]
n.pop(1)
print(n)
n.pop()
print(n)
Output :
[6, 1, 2, 9]
[6, 1, 2]

print(n)
n.remove(10)
print(n)
Output :
[6, 0, 2, 9]
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<string>", line 4, in <module>
ValueError: list.remove(x): x not in list

n=[6,0,1,2,9]
n.reverse()
print(n)
Output :
[9, 2, 1, 0, 6]

n=[6,0,1,2,9]
n.sort()
print(n)
Output :
[0, 1, 2, 6, 9]

n=[6,0,1,2,9]
n.extend([11,12,13])
print(n)
Output :
[6, 0, 1, 2, 9, 11, 12, 13]

x=[10,20,30,40]
y=x
print(id(x))
print(id(y))
Output:
139985896812096
139985896812096

n=[6,0,1,2,9]
n.clear()
print(n)
Output :
[ ]

n=[6,0,1,2,9]
a=n.copy()
print(n)
print(a)
Output :
[6, 0, 1, 2, 9]
[6, 0, 1, 2, 9]

Ex:
x=[10,20,30,40]
y=x[:]
y[1]=777
print(x)
print(y)
Output :
[10,20,30,40]
[10,777,30,40]

def Cloning(li1):
li_copy = list(li1)
return li_copy
li1 = [4, 8, 2, 10, 15, 18]
li2 = Cloning(li1)
print("Original List:", li1)
print("After Cloning:", li2)
Output :
Original List: [4, 8, 2, 10, 15, 18]
After Cloning: [4, 8, 2, 10, 15, 18]

def Cloning(li1):
li_copy =[]
li_copy = li1.copy()
return li_copy
# Driver Code
li1 = [4, 8, 2, 10, 15, 18]
li2 = Cloning(li1)
print("Original List:", li1)
print("After Cloning:", li2)
Output :
Original List: [4, 8, 2, 10, 15, 18]
After Cloning: [4, 8, 2, 10, 15, 18]

def Cloning(li1):
li_copy =[]
for item in li1:
 li_copy.append(item)
return li_copy
li1 = [4, 8, 2, 10, 15, 18]
li2 = Cloning(li1)
print("Original List:", li1)
print("After Cloning:", li2)
Output :
Original List: [4, 8, 2, 10, 15, 18]
After Cloning: [4, 8, 2, 10, 15, 18]

lst = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10]

squares = [x**2 for x in lst]
print(squares)
for i in range(10):
if i % 2 ==0:
print(i)
Output
[1, 4, 9, 16, 25, 36, 49, 64, 81, 100]
[0, 2, 4, 6, 8]

21. Illustrative programs

1. Write a Python program to find String palindrome
Program:
a=input("Enter a string:")
b=a.lower()
c=b[::-1]
if b==c:
print(a,"is a palindrome")
else:
print(a,"is not a palindrome")
Output:
Enter a string: Radar
Radar is a palindrome

2. Write a Python program to perform linear search using list

Program:
def linear(lst,sval):
for i in range(len(lst)):
if lst[i]==sval:
return(i)
return -1
n=int(input("Enter no. of elements:"))
l=[]
for i in range(n):
val=int(input("enter value:"))
l.append(val)
print(l)
searchval= int(input("enter value to be searched:"))
a=linear(l,searchval)
if a==-1:
print("Element not found")
else:
print("Element found at index",a)
Output:
Enter no. of elements:5
enter value:23
enter value:45
enter value:67
enter value:89
enter value:100
[23,45,67,89,100]
enter value to be searched:67
Element found at index 2

3.Write a Python program to perform binary search using list

Program:
def binsearch(lst,sval):
low,high=0,(len(lst)-1)
while (low<high):
mid=(low+high)//2
if lst[mid]<sval:
low=mid+1
elif lst[mid]>sval:
high=mid-1
else:
return(mid)
return -1
n=int(input("Enter the no of elements in list:"))
l =[]
for i in range(n):
ele=int(input("Enter the list elements:"))
l.append(ele)
x = int(input("Enter the element to search:"))
a=binsearch(l,x)
if a==-1:
print("Element not found")
else:
print("Element found at index",a)
Output:
Enter the no of elements in list:5
Enter the list elements:2
Enter the list elements:3
Enter the list elements:4
Enter the list elements:5
Enter the list elements:6
Enter the element to search:8
Element not found

5. Implement python script to perform the following on matrix:

i.Add matrices
#i) MATRIX MULTIPLICATION
A=[[1,2,3],
[1,2,3],
[1,2,3]]
B=[[2,3,1],
[2,3,1],
[2,3,1]]
C=[[0,0,0],
[0,0,0],
[0,0,0]]
for i in range(len(A)):
for j in range(len(B[0])):
for k in range(len(B)):
C[i][j]+=A[i][k]*B[k][j]
for r in C:
print(r)
Output :
[12, 18, 6]
[12, 18, 6]
[12, 18, 6]
ii.Multiply matrices
#ii) MATRIX ADDITION
A=[[3,3,3],
[2,2,2],
[1,1,1]]
B=[[1,1,1],
[2,2,2],
[3,3,3]]
C=[[0,0,0],
[0,0,0],
[0,0,0]]
for i in range(len(A)):
for j in range(len(A[0])):
C[i][j]=A[i][j]+B[i][j]
for r in C:
print(r)
Output :
[4, 4, 4]
[4, 4, 4]
[4, 4, 4]
iii.Find Transpose of a matrix
#iii) TRANSPOSE OF MATRIX
A=[[1,2,3],
[4,5,6]]
 B=[[0,0],
[0,0],
[0,0]]
for i in range(len(A)):
for j in range(len(A[0])):
B[j][i] = A[i][j]
for r in B:
print(r)
Output :
[1, 4]
[2, 5]
[3, 6]

5. Write a Python Program to Remove the Duplicate Items from a List.

Program:
list1=[2,8,4,5]
list2=[4,7,8,9]
list_intersection = list(set(list1) ^ set(list2))
print("Intersection of {} and {} is : {}".format(list1, list2,
list_intersection))
Output:
Intersection of [2, 8, 4, 5] and [4, 7, 8, 9] is : [2, 5, 7, 9]

6. Write a function called is_anagram that takes two strings and returns True
if they are anagrams.
Program:
def is_anagram(s1,s2):
s1=sorted(s1)
s2=sorted(s2)
if(s1==s2):
return True
else:
return False
a=input("enter 1st string:")
b=input("enter 2nd string:")
print("Is Anagram:",is_anagram(a.lower(),b.lower()))
Output:
enter 1st string:Ajax
enter 2nd string:Jaxa
Is Anagram: True

7. Write a function deleteChar() which takes two parameters one is a string

and other is a
character. The function should create a new string after deleting all
occurrences of the character
from the string and return the new string.
Program:
def delchar(string,char):
 str=" "
for i in string:
if i==char:
str=string.replace(i, '')
return str
a=input("enter string:")
b=input("enter char to be deleted:")
print("the string:", delchar(a, b))
Output :
enter string:abcdxyzd
enter char to be deleted:d
the string: abcxyz

8. Write a Python program to count Uppercase, Lowercase, special character and

numeric
values in a given string.
Programs:
v='Shop open@3pm'
s=v.replace(" ","")
a=0
b=0
c=0
d=0
for i in s:
if i.isdigit()==True:
a+=1
elif i.isupper()==True:
b+=1
elif i.islower()==True:
c+=1
else:
d+=1
print('digit values:',a)
print('uppercase letters:',b)
print('lower case letters:',c)
print('special char:',d)
Output:
digit values: 1
uppercase letters: 1
lower case letters: 9
special charc: 1

9.Count no. of vowels and consonants in string

Program:
str=input("Enter string:")
str1="".join(str.split())
vowel="aeiou"
vcount=0
ccount=0
for i in str1:
if i.lower() in vowel:
vcount+=1
else:
ccount+=1
print("No. of vowels in string ",str ,vcount)
print("No. of consonents in string ",str ,ccount)
Output
Enter string:python program
No. of vowels in string python program 3
No. of consonents in string python program 10