Maintaining a safe and healthy IT workshop environment is crucial for several reasons:
● Prevents injuries: Minimizes risks of electrical shock, cuts, and other physical harm. ● Protects equipment: Reduces damage to expensive computer components and tools. ● Improves productivity: Encourages a focused and comfortable workspace for technicians. ● Reduces legal issues: Ensures compliance with workplace safety regulations.
Government Regulations (5 marks):
1. Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) https://www.osha.gov/: Sets
safety standards for various workplaces, including electrical safety guidelines for equipment use and maintenance. 2. National Electrical Code (NEC) https://www.nfpa.org/codes-and-standards/nfpa-70-standard-development/70: Provides regulations for electrical installations and wiring, ensuring proper grounding practices to minimize shock hazards.
Safety Precautions Before Opening a Computer (5 marks):
1. Power Down and Unplug: Turn off the computer and disconnect all power cords before opening the case. 2. Ground Yourself: Use a grounding wrist strap connected to a grounded outlet to prevent static discharge. 3. Clear the Work Area: Remove any unnecessary objects that could interfere or cause accidental damage during repairs. 4. Proper Lighting: Ensure good lighting to clearly see components and avoid straining your eyes.
ESD vs. EMI (5 marks):
● Electrostatic Discharge (ESD): Sudden flow of electric current between two objects with different electrical potential. ○ Impact: ESD can damage delicate electronic components by causing overheating or permanent malfunctions. ● Electromagnetic Interference (EMI): Disruption of electronic signals by external electromagnetic fields. ○ Impact: EMI can cause data errors, unexpected behavior, or even component failure in severe cases.
1.2 Hardware Security (20 Marks)
Physical Security Measures (10 marks):
1. Limited Access: Implement access control systems like key cards or coded entry to restrict access to the workshop and sensitive equipment. 2. Secure Storage: Utilize locked cabinets or cages to store valuable hardware components, especially when not in use. 3. CCTV Surveillance: Install cameras in strategic locations to monitor activity and deter potential theft or unauthorized access. 4. Visitor Sign-In: Maintain a visitor log to track who enters the workshop and for what purpose.
DLP Software (5 marks):
Data Loss Prevention (DLP) software helps protect sensitive data stored on hardware during repairs or maintenance. It can:
● Restrict data transfer: Block copying or transferring confidential data to unauthorized
devices. ● Encrypt data: Scramble data on drives to render it unreadable without decryption keys. ● Audit data access: Monitor attempts to access or remove data, allowing for identification of suspicious activity.
Security Audits (5 marks):
Regular security audits involve a systematic review of the workshop's security measures. This helps identify:
● Security vulnerabilities: Weaknesses in access control, physical security, or software
configurations. ● Compliance issues: Areas where current practices may not meet industry standards or regulations.
1.3 Precautionary Measures and Workshop Ethics (10
Marks) Anti-static Precautions (5 marks):
Using anti-static precautions is essential to prevent ESD damage. Two common methods include:
1. Grounding Wrist Strap: A wearable band with a conductive cord connected to a grounded outlet, dissipating static electricity accumulated on the body. 2. Anti-static Mat and Bags: Working on a grounded anti-static mat and storing components in anti-static bags minimizes static build-up. Health Hazards and Mitigation (2 marks):
1. Musculoskeletal Disorders: Repetitive motions like lifting monitors or reaching into tight spaces can cause strain and pain. ○ Mitigation: Practice proper lifting techniques, take breaks to stretch, and adjust workstation ergonomics. 2. Eye Strain: Focusing on screens for extended periods can lead to eye fatigue and headaches. ○ Mitigation: Implement the 20-20-20 rule: Take a 20-second break every 20 minutes to focus on something 20 feet away. Adjust screen brightness and use proper lighting.
Environmental Impact (3 marks):
Computer components have environmental consequences throughout their lifecycle:
● Manufacturing: Uses energy and resources, potentially causing pollution.
○ Responsible Practice: Encourage recycling programs for e-waste and research manufacturers with sustainable practices. ● Disposal: Improper disposal can leach harmful materials into the environment. ○ Responsible Practice: Utilize certified e-waste disposal services to ensure proper recycling or responsible dismantling
