PHYSICS(1)

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RAY OPTICS - WORKSHEET

1. State law of refraction.


2. An object is kept in front of a concave lens. What is the nature of the image formed?
3. An illuminated object and a screen are placed 90 cm apart. Determine the focal length and nature of the lens
required to produce a clear image on the screen, twice the size of the object.
4. The image obtained with a convex lens is erect and its length is four times the length of the object. If the focal
length of the lens is 20 cm, calculate the object and image distances.
5. A glass lens of refractive index 1.5 is placed in a trough of liquid. What must be the refractive index of the
liquid in order to mark the lens disappear?
6. When light travels from a rarer to a denser medium, the speed decreases. Does this decrease in speed imply a
decrease in the energy carried by the light wave? Justify your answer.
7. When monochromatic light travels from one medium to another its wavelength changes but frequency remains
the same. Explain.
8. Under what condition does a biconvex lens of glass having a certain refractive index act as a plane glass sheet
when immersed in a liquid?
9. For the same value of angle of incidence, the angles of refraction in three media A, B and C are 15°, 25° and
35° respectively. In which medium would the velocity of light be minimum?

Lens maker’s formula

10. Obtain lens makers formula using the expression

Here the ray of light propagating from a rarer medium of refractive index (n1) to a denser medium of refractive
index (n2) is incident on the convex side of spherical refracting surface of radius of curvature R.
11. A converging lens of refractive index 1.5 is kept in a liquid medium having same refractive index. What would
be the focal length of the lens in this medium?
12. How would a biconvex lens appear when placed in a trough of liquid having the same refractive index as that
of the lens?
13. When red light passing through a convex lens is replaced by light of blue colour, how will the focal length of
the lens change?
14. If the wavelength of light incident on a convex lens is increased, how will its focal length change?
15. A biconvex lens made of a transparent material of refractive index 1.25 is immersed in water of refractive
index 1.33. Will the lens behave as a converging or a diverging lens? Give reason.
16. The radii of curvature of the faces of a double convex lens are 10 cm and 15 cm. If focal length of the lens is
12 cm, find the refractive index of the material of the lens.
17. A biconvex lens has a focal length 2/3 times the radius of curvature of either surface. Calculate the refractive
index of lens material.
18. Find the radius of curvature of the convex surface of a plano-convex lens, whose focal length is 0.3 m and the
refractive index of the material of the lens is 1.5.
19. A convex lens made up of glass of refractive index 1.5 is dipped, in turn,
(i) a medium of refractive index 1.6,
(ii) a medium of refractive index 1.3.
(a) Will it behave as a converging or a diverging lens in the two cases?
(b) How will its focal length change in the two media?
20. (a) Monochromatic light of wavelength 589 nm is incident from air on a water surface. If p for water is 1.33,
find the wavelength, frequency and speed of the refracted light.
(b) A double convex lens is made of a glass of refractive index 1.55, with both faces of the same radius of
curvature. Find the radius of curvature required, if the focal length is 20 cm.

Combination of lens

21. Define power of a lens. Write its S.L units. Two thin convex lenses of focal lengths f1 and f2 are placed in
contact coaxially. Derive the expression for the effective focal length of the combination.
22. How does the power of a convex lens vary, if the incident red light is replaced by violet light?
23. Two thin lenses of power + 4D and – 2D are in contact. What is the focal length of the combination?
24. A converging lens is kept coaxially in contact with a diverging lens — both the lenses being of equal focal
lengths. What is the focal length of the combination?
25. A convex lens of focal length 25 cm is placed coaxially in contact with a concave lens of focal length 20 cm.
Determine the power of the combination. Will the system be converging or diverging in nature?
26. A convex lens of focal length f1 is kept in contact with a concave lens of focal length fr Find the focal length of
the combination.
27. You are given three lenses L1 L2 and L3 each of focal length 20 cm. An object is kept at 40 cm in front of L1, as
shown. The final real image is formed at the focus T of L3. Find the separations between L1, L2 and L3.

Prism

28. Draw a ray diagram to show refraction of a ray of monochromatic light passing through a glass prism.
Deduce the expression for the refractive index of glass in terms of angle of prism and angle of minimum
deviation.
29. How does the angle of minimum deviation of a glass prism vary, if the incident violet light is replaced with red
light?
30. A ray of light passing through an equilateral triangular glass prism from air undergoes minimum deviation
when angle of incidence is 3/4th of the angle of prism. Calculate the speed of light in the prism.
31. A ray of light passes through an equilateral prism in such a way that the angle of incidence is equal to the angle
of emergence and each of these angles is 3/4 times the angle of the prism. Determine
(i) the angle of deviation and
(ii) the refractive index of the prism.
32. Define refractive index of a transparent medium. A ray of light passes through a triangular prism. Plot a graph
showing the variation of the angle of deviation with the angle of incidence.
(i) What is the relation between critical angle and refractive index of a material?
(ii) Does critical angle depend on the colour of light? Explain.
33. How does the angle of minimum deviation of a glass prism of refractive index 1.5 change, if it is immersed in
a liquid of refractive index 1.3?
34. Write the relationship between angle of incidence ‗i‘, angle of prism ‗A‘ and angle of minimum deviation for a
triangular prism.
35. Violet colour is seen at the bottom of the spectrum when white light is dispersed by a prism.
State reasons to explain these observations.
36. For which colour the refractive index of prism material is maximum and minimum?
37. Out of blue and red light which is deviated more by a prism? Give reason.
Give the formula that can be used to determine refractive index of material of a prism in minimum deviation
condition.
38. A ray of light, incident on an equilateral glass prism (µg = √3 ) moves parallel to the base line of the prism
inside it. Find the angle of incidence for this ray.
39. Two monochromatic rays of light are incident normally on the face AB of an isosceles right angled prism
ABC. The refractive indices of the glass prism for the two rays ‗1‘ and ‗2‘ are respectively 1.35 and 1.45.
Trace the path of these rays entering through the prism.
40. Why does white light disperse when passed through a glass prism?
Using lens maker‘s formula, show how the focal length of a given lens depends upon the colour of light
incident on it.
41. A ray PQ incident normally on the refracting face BA is refracted in the prism BAC made of material of
refractive index 1.5. Complete the path of ray through the prism. From which face will the ray

42. Draw a ray diagram to show how a right angled isosceles prism may be used to ―bend the path of light rays by
90°‖.
Write the necessary condition in terms of the refractive index of the material of this prism for the ray to bend to
90°.
43. (i) A ray of light incident on face AB of an equilateral glass prism, shows minimum deviation of 30°. Calculate
the speed of light through the prism.

(ii) Find the angle of incidence at face AB so that the emergent ray grazes along the face AC.

Total internal reflection

44. State the conditions for the phenomenon of total internal reflection to occur.
45. (a) For a ray of light travelling from a denser medium of refractive index n1 to a rarer medium of refractive
index n2, prove that n2/n1= sin ic, where ic is the critical angle of incidence for the media.
(b) Explain with the help of a diagram, how the above principle is used for transmission of video signals using
optical fibres.
46. Calculate the speed of light in a medium whose critical angle is 30°.
47. Three light rays red (R), green (G) and blue (B) are incident on a right B angled prism ‗abc‘ Q at face ‗ab‘. The
R refractive indices of the material of the prism for red, green and blue wavelengths are 1.39, 1.44 and 1.47
respectively. Out of the three which colour ray will emerge out of face ‗ac‘? Justify your answer. Trace the
path of these rays after passing through face ‗ab‘.

Compound microscope
48. Draw a ray diagram of a compound microscope. Write the expression for its magnifying power.
49. Why must both the objective and the eye piece of a compound microscope have short focal lengths?
50. You are given two converging lenses of focal lengths 1.25 cm and 5 cm to design a compound microscope. If it
is desired to have a magnification of 30, find out the separation between the objective and the eyepiece.
51. An optical instrument uses eye-lens of power 16 D and objective lens of power 50 D and has a tube length of
16.25 cm. Name the optical instrument and calculate its magnifying power if it forms the final image at
infinity.

Telescope

52. Draw a ray diagram of an astronomical(refracting) telescope in the normal adjustment position. State two
drawbacks of this type of telescope.
53. Draw a labelled ray diagram of an astronomical telescope in the near point position. Write the expression for
its magnifying power.
54. Draw a ray diagram of a reflecting type telescope(cassegrain). State two advantages of this telescope over a
refracting telescope.
55. An astronomical telescope uses two lenses of powers 10 D and 1 D. What is its magnifying power in normal
adjustment?
56. A small telescope has an objective lens of focal length 150 cm and eyepiece of focal length 5 cm. What is the
magnifying power of the telescope for viewing distant objects in normal adjustment?
If this telescope is used to view a 100 m tall tower 3 km away, what is the height of the image of the tower
formed by the objective lens?
57. Which two of the following L1, L2 and L3 will you select as objective and eyepiece for constructing best
possible
(i) telescope
(ii) microscope? Give reason to support your answer.
58. How is the working of a telescope different from that of a
microscope?

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