Iot Imp Question
Iot Imp Question
Iot Imp Question
19. Arduino vs. Raspberry Pi: Arduino is a microcontroller suitable for simple tasks,
while Raspberry Pi is a microcomputer capable of running an OS for complex tasks.
20. Installing Arduino IDE: Download the IDE from the official site, install it, connect the
Arduino board, and write/upload sketches to the board.
21. Interfaces:
○ Serial: Point-to-point communication between devices.
○ SPI: High-speed communication between microcontrollers and peripherals.
○ I2C: Multi-device communication using fewer wires.
22. Bluetooth Speaker with Raspberry Pi: Install Bluetooth tools, pair the device using
bluetoothctl, and redirect audio output using configuration settings.
23. Robotic Arm with Raspberry Pi: Connect the arm’s motors to GPIO pins, control
using Python code, and use a motor driver for movement precision.
24. Sensors and Actuators: Sensors detect environmental data (e.g., temperature),
and actuators act on instructions (e.g., motors). They are connected via GPIO or
serial interfaces.
25. Reading/Controlling GPIO: Use libraries like RPi.GPIO in Python to configure pins
as input or output and manipulate their states.
26. LED Blinking Program: Use GPIO setup and time.sleep() in Python to blink an
LED by toggling GPIO pin states.
27. Arduino vs. Raspberry Pi Programming: Arduino uses its IDE and C/C++, while
Raspberry Pi uses Python with extensive libraries for complex projects.
28. Cloud Storage Models: Include public (AWS, Google Cloud), private (dedicated for
organizations), hybrid (combination of public/private), and community clouds.
29. WAMP Autobahn: A protocol for real-time messaging in IoT applications, enabling
communication over WebSockets.
30. Xively: A cloud platform for IoT device management, offering data collection,
visualization, and analytics.
31. Django Architecture: Follows the Model-View-Template (MVT) architecture to build
scalable web applications.
32. RESTful Web API: REST APIs allow IoT devices to exchange data with web servers
using HTTP. For example, an IoT weather station can send sensor data to a server.
33. AWS for IoT: Offers services like AWS IoT Core for device connectivity and AWS
Lambda for serverless computation in IoT projects.
34. IoT Vulnerabilities: Include weak passwords, lack of encryption, insecure firmware,
and poorly protected interfaces.
35. Security Requirements: Protect data confidentiality, integrity, availability, and
ensure authentication and access control.
36. Challenges: Limited device resources, high scalability needs, and distributed
architectures increase the complexity of securing IoT systems.
37. Threat Analysis: Involves identifying and assessing vulnerabilities in IoT systems,
such as DDoS attacks on devices.
38. Activity Modeling: Mapping user activities and identifying possible misuse or threats
in IoT workflows.
39. Key Security Elements: Include encryption for secure data, authentication to verify
users/devices, and access control to manage permissions.
40. Data/Message Security: Achieved through SSL/TLS for encrypted communication.
41. Non-repudiation: Ensures that actions (like sending data) cannot be denied, often
using digital signatures.
42. Home Automation: IoT enables control of appliances like lights, thermostats, and
locks using mobile apps or voice commands.
43. Intrusion Detection: Sensors detect unauthorized access, triggering alerts or
alarms.
44. Smart City: IoT applications like smart parking use sensors to indicate available
spaces, while smart roads monitor traffic.
45. Health Monitoring: Wearable devices track heart rate, blood pressure, and activity
levels, sending data to healthcare providers.
46. Agriculture: IoT automates irrigation based on soil moisture sensors and predicts
weather conditions for better crop management.
47. Greenhouse Control: Sensors monitor and control temperature, humidity, and light
levels in greenhouses for optimal plant growth.
48. Weather Monitoring: IoT collects and processes real-time weather data from remote
locations.
49. Inventory Management: IoT-enabled RFID tags and sensors track stock levels and
locations in real time.
50. Indoor Air Quality: IoT monitors air pollutants and adjusts ventilation systems to
improve air quality in industries.
Project-Specific Questions
1. Ultrasonic Sensor: Uses sound waves to measure distances by calculating the time
taken for the echo to return.
2. Servo Motor: Rotates to a specific angle based on pulse-width modulation (PWM)
signals.
3. Ultrasonic Program: Uses Arduino’s pulseIn() to measure distance and calculate
it using the speed of sound.
4. Door Opener Project: Ultrasonic sensor detects proximity; servo motor
opens/closes the door based on distance.
5. LED Program: Potentiometers adjust RGB values; the values are mapped and
combined to set the LED color using PWM.
6. Challenges: Wiring sensors, programming logic, ensuring compatibility of
components, and debugging hardware issues