Questions

Q1.

This question is about refraction.

(a) State what is meant by the term refraction.

(1)

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............................................................................................................................................. (b) The

diagram shows a ray of light from a torch incident on the surface of a pool of water.

The angle of refraction of the ray of light is 33°

(i) Draw the path of the ray of light in the water.

(2)

(ii) State the formula linking refractive index, angle of incidence and angle of refraction. (1)

(iii) Show that the refractive index of water is about 1.3

(2)

(c) The torch is moved below the surface of the water. Light from the torch is incident on the water surface
at an angle greater than the critical angle.

(i) Explain the meaning of the term critical angle.

You may draw a diagram to help your answer.

(2)
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............................................................................................................................................. (ii) State

the formula linking critical angle and refractive index.

(1)

(iii) Calculate the critical angle of water.

Assume the refractive index of water is 1.3

(3)

critical angle = ........................................................... °

(iv) A ray of light leaves the torch as shown in the diagram.

Complete the path of the ray of light.

(2)

(Total for question = 14 marks)

Q2.

A dentist takes an x-ray image of a patient's teeth using photographic film.

 (a) The film, which
is initially white, changes to black when it absorbs x-rays. The film is placed inside the patient's mouth and
the x-ray source is outside the patient's body. The teeth and soft tissue appear differently on the x-ray
image.
Use words from the box to complete the sentences.

(2)

The tooth appears white because most of the x-rays are .............................................................. by the tooth.

The soft tissue appears darker in colour because most of the x-rays are
..............................................................
by the soft tissue.

(b) Explain why the dentist has to leave the room before taking the x-ray image but it is safe for

the patient to stay in the room.

(2)

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............................................................................................................................................. (c) The

x-rays used have a frequency of 3.5 × 1016 Hz.

(i) State the formula linking wave speed, frequency and wavelength.
(1)

(ii) X-rays have a speed of 3.0 × 108 m/s.

Calculate the wavelength of these x-rays.

(3)
 wavelength = ........................................................... m

(d) X-rays are electromagnetic waves.

Radio waves are also electromagnetic waves.

State one other similarity and one difference between x-rays and radio waves. (2)

similarity ....................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................. difference

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(Total for question = 10 marks)

Q3.

The photograph shows a truck with a crane that is used to move large bags of building materials.

(a) (i) State the formula linking work done, force and distance moved.

(1)

(ii) A bag of building materials has a weight of 8750 N.

Calculate the work done on the bag when it is lifted a vertical distance of 230 cm from the ground until
it is stationary again.

Give the unit.

 (3)

work done = ....................................... unit ....................

(iii) The crane takes 7.0 s to lift the bag.

Calculate the mean power output of the crane when it is lifting the bag.

(2)

mean power output = ........................................................... W

(b) The truck has a stabilising leg which is positioned on a wooden board.

(i) Give a reason why the wooden board is used.

(1)

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............................................................................................................................................. (ii) State

the formula linking pressure, force and area.

(1)

(iii) The wooden board is a square with side length 0.50 m.

The pressure the board exerts on the ground is 148 kPa.

Calculate the force exerted by the board on the ground.

(4)

force = ........................................................... N

(Total for question = 12 marks)

Q4.

Answer the question with a cross in the box you think is correct . If you change your mind about an
answer, put a line through the box and then mark your new answer with a cross .

A student investigates four cars P, Q, R and S.

(a) How is energy transferred usefully from the engine of a car to its wheels? (1)

A by heating

B by radiation

C electrically

D mechanically

(b) The engine of a car burns petrol, which transfers energy usefully from the chemical

store of the petrol to the kinetic store of the car.

The useful power output of car P's engine is 47 kW.

(i) Calculate the useful energy output of car P's engine during a 15 minute period. (3)

useful energy output = ........................................................... J

(ii) State the formula linking efficiency, useful energy output and total energy output. (1)

(iii) During the 15 minute period, 2.0 × 108 J of energy is transferred from the
chemical store of the petrol.

Calculate the efficiency of car P's engine.

(2)

efficiency = ...........................................................

(c) The student extends her investigation by collecting data for cars P, Q, R and S.

She records the useful power output of their engines, their masses and their maximum
speeds.

The table shows her data.

Using information from the table, discuss the relationships between useful power output,
mass and maximum speed.

(4)

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(Total for question = 11 marks)

Q5.

The diagram shows part of a device used to demonstrate electrostatic charge.

(a) Negatively charged water droplets fall into bucket A.

Describe how bucket A becomes negatively charged.

(2)

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............................................................................................................................................. (b) Explain

why the negatively charged droplets spread out as they fall.

(2)

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............................................................................................................................................. (c) (i) A

droplet hits bucket A with a speed of 3.8 m/s.

Calculate the kinetic energy of the droplet when it hits bucket A.

[mass of droplet = 6.2 × 10–9 kg]

(3)

kinetic energy = ........................................................... J

(ii) The total charge stored in bucket A is –1.1 × 10 –10 C.

This charge passes through the air between the buckets in 9.2 × 10–3 s, causing a spark between bucket A
and bucket B.

Calculate the mean current between the buckets.

(3)

mean current = ........................................................... A

(iii) The spark transfers a charge of –1.1 × 10–10 C.

The mean voltage between the buckets is 1.7 kV.

Calculate the energy transferred by the spark.

(3)

energy transferred = ........................................................... J

(Total for question = 13 marks)

Q6.

This question is about wave behaviour.

(a) The boxes give three types of wave behaviour and the diagrams give three examples of wave
behaviour.

Draw one straight line from each wave behaviour to the example that best shows that behaviour.

(3)
(b) State two properties that all waves have in common.
(2)

1 .......................................................................................................................................... 2

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(Total for question = 5 marks)

Q7.

The diagram shows some apparatus used to find the mass of an object.

The two pieces of metal foil act as a variable resistor.

When more mass is added, the elastic string stretches and the small piece of metal foil moves to the right.
(a) (i) Draw the circuit diagram for this electrical circuit.
The variable resistor has been drawn for you.

(4)

(ii) Draw a voltmeter on the diagram to measure the voltage of the variable resistor. (2)

(b) Explain how the voltage across the variable resistor changes if more mass is added to the end of the
elastic string.

(4)

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(c) The student extends the investigation by keeping the mass constant and replacing the cell with a
variable power supply.
The student measures the current in the circuit for different voltages.

These are the results.

(i) State the independent variable in the student's investigation.

(1)

............................................................................................................................................. (ii) Plot the

student's results on the grid.

(3)

(iii) Draw a line of best fit.

(1)

(Total for question = 15 marks)

Mark Scheme

Q1.
Q2.
Q3.
Q4.
Q5.
Q6.
Q7.
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