HANDS-ON NETWORKING SECURITY: INTERNING

WITH CISCO TECHNOLOGIES

Submitted to
RAJIV GANDHI PROUDYOGIKI VISHWAVIDYALAYA
BHOPAL (M.P)

INTERNSHIP REPORT

Submitted by
Sachin Kumar [0103IT211159]

Submitted to
Dr. Pushpendra Singh Tomar
Associate Professor

Department of Information Technology

Lakshmi Narain College of Technology, Bhopal (M.P.)

Session
2024-25

i
Internship Certificate Here

ii
LAKSHMI NARAIN COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY, BHOPAL

DEPARTMENT OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

Sachin Kumar (0103IT211159) would like to convey my gratitude to the Head of

the department, In the duration of May-July 2024 Summer Internship Program and
giving me the platform to interact with industry professionals.

I would also like to thank Marcella O’ Shea (Regional Manager APJC), CISCO
for giving me the opportunity to work on the industry.

I extend my warm gratitude and regards to everyone who helped me during my

internship.

(Signature)

Sachin Kumar [0103IT211159]

iii
 INDEX

S.NO. TOPICS PAGES

1. Introduction 1-2

2. About the Organization 3-6

3. About the Project 7-9

4. Hardware/Software platform environment 10-12

5. Snapshots of Input & Output 13-17

6. Future scope 18-19

7. References 20

Total 20 Pages
 CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION

1. Introduction
The Cisco Virtual Internship on Networking is an immersive learning experience designed to
equip participants with essential skills and technical expertise required to thrive in the dynamic
field of computer networking. As networks continue to underpin global communication,
commerce, and technological innovation, the demand for proficient networking professionals has
never been higher. Recognizing this need, Cisco, an industry leader in networking solutions,
developed this virtual internship to empower participants to design, deploy, and manage secure,
scalable, and efficient networks tailored to contemporary organizational needs.

Networking is a cornerstone of the digital era, facilitating seamless communication and driving
innovation across industries. With the advent of advanced technologies like cloud computing, the
Internet of Things (IoT), and high-speed data transfer, the need for professionals capable of
optimizing, securing, and maintaining these systems has intensified. This internship bridges the
gap between academic concepts and practical applications, offering participants valuable
exposure to cutting-edge tools and methodologies in networking.

The program provides a balance of theoretical learning and hands-on practice, covering essential
areas such as network design, configuration, optimization, troubleshooting, and security
integration. Participants gain exposure to advanced technologies and industry-standard practices
used to develop robust and reliable networks. Through simulations and projects, they tackle real-
world challenges and develop solutions that align with current industry trends and requirements.

This report highlights the knowledge and skills acquired during the internship, detailing specific
tasks, tools, and technologies utilized throughout the program. It also outlines challenges
encountered, strategies employed to address them, and the overall professional growth achieved.
The internship emphasizes practical learning, preparing participants to meet the demands of
today’s networking environments while equipping them to adapt to future advancements, such as
software-defined networking and enhanced security protocols.

1
Networking plays a crucial role in today’s interconnected world, serving as the backbone of digital
transformation and operational efficiency. The internship offers invaluable exposure to this vital
domain, helping participants develop the expertise required to excel in a competitive field. By the
end of the program, participants gain a comprehensive understanding of networking principles,
practical experience with advanced technologies, and the confidence to contribute effectively to
the industry.

This report reflects the learning journey and demonstrates how the internship has prepared
participants for future career opportunities in networking.
By the conclusion of this report, readers will gain a deeper appreciation of the importance of
networking and how the internship served as a critical stepping stone for career development in
this field. It also underscores how the skills acquired during the program have enhanced the
participant's ability to succeed in real-world networking roles.

2
 CHAPTER 2
ABOUT THE ORGANIZATION

2.1 Introduction About Organization

Cisco Systems, Inc. is a global technology leader renowned for its expertise in designing,
manufacturing, and selling networking hardware, software, and telecommunications equipment.
Founded in 1984 by Leonard Bosack and Sandy Lerner, Cisco has grown into one of the most
influential companies in the tech industry. Based in San Jose, California, the company caters to
various sectors such as telecommunications, healthcare, education, and finance, providing
solutions that meet diverse connectivity requirements.
Starting with groundbreaking innovations in routers and switches, Cisco has continuously
advanced networking technology. Its portfolio now encompasses cutting-edge solutions in cloud
networking, the Internet of Things (IoT), software-defined networking (SDN), and collaboration
tools. These developments have cemented Cisco's position as a key driver of global
communication and digital transformation. Today, Cisco's products and services form the core
infrastructure of the internet, enabling individuals, businesses, and governments worldwide to
connect, exchange information, and operate seamlessly in an increasingly interconnected
environment.

2.2 Cisco's Role in Networking

Networking is central to Cisco's mission and innovation, driven by the growing need for
efficient, scalable, and secure communication systems in today's interconnected world. As
businesses undergo digital transformation, adopt cloud computing, and manage the rapid
proliferation of IoT devices, the demand for advanced networking solutions continues to
accelerate. Cisco addresses this need with a robust portfolio of tools, technologies, and solutions
that empower organizations to design, deploy, and manage resilient network infrastructures.
Cisco's approach to networking is holistic, addressing every aspect of connectivity with
integrated solutions across all network layers. Its offerings include state-of-the-art routers,
switches, wireless access points, software-defined networking (SDN) capabilities, network
automation tools, and advanced analytics. By emphasizing secure and adaptive networking,

3
Cisco enables organizations to optimize performance, scale efficiently, and ensure network
reliability, meeting the evolving demands of modern applications and services.

2.3 Key Products and Services in Cisco's Networking Portfolio Include:

• Cisco Catalyst Switches: Industry-leading switches that provide high-performance, scal-

able, and secure network connectivity. They support advanced features such as automa-
tion, analytics, and software-defined access, enabling organizations to optimize their
network performance and efficiency.
• Cisco Meraki: A cloud-managed networking solution that simplifies the deployment,
monitoring, and management of wireless, switching, security, and mobile devices across
a network. It is designed for ease of use, offering centralized control and visibility with-
out requiring complex configurations.
• Cisco SD-WAN: A software-defined wide-area networking solution that enables enter-
prises to securely connect remote sites to data centers and cloud services. It enhances
network agility, reduces costs, and improves application performance through intelligent
traffic routing and real-time visibility.
• Cisco Network Assurance Engine: A solution that provides network visibility and health
monitoring. Using machine learning, it helps organizations proactively identify and re-
solve network issues, ensuring that the network operates optimally and securely.

Cisco offers a range of innovative networking solutions designed to meet the demands of mod-
ern connectivity. Cisco Catalyst Switches are industry-leading devices that deliver high-per-
formance, scalable, and secure network connectivity. With advanced features like automation,
analytics, and software-defined access, these switches enable organizations to enhance their
network efficiency and reliability. Cisco Meraki, a cloud-managed networking solution, sim-
plifies the deployment, monitoring, and management of wireless, switching, security, and mo-
bile devices. Its user-friendly approach provides centralized control and visibility without re-
quiring complex configurations, making it ideal for organizations seeking streamlined network
management. Additionally, Cisco SD-WAN provides a software-defined approach to wide-
area networking, securely connecting remote sites to data centers and cloud services. This so-
lution improves network agility, reduces costs, and enhances application performance through
intelligent traffic routing and real-time visibility. For proactive network management, the

4
Cisco Network Assurance Engine uses machine learning to provide comprehensive network
visibility and health monitoring, enabling organizations to detect and resolve issues before they
impact operations.

Cisco’s commitment to networking extends beyond technology to education through the Cisco
Networking Academy, established in 1997. This initiative empowers students, educators, and or-
ganizations with the skills needed to excel in IT and networking careers. The academy offers
certifications, training programs, and hands-on learning experiences covering key areas like rout-
ing, switching, cloud networking, and wireless technologies. By equipping individuals with prac-
tical knowledge and expertise, the Networking Academy addresses the growing global demand
for skilled professionals, creating a pipeline of talent ready to meet the challenges of the digital
age.

2.4 Cisco's Commitment to Innovation and Education

Innovation has been a cornerstone of Cisco’s success, driven by its continuous investment in
research and development (R&D) to create advanced technologies that address critical challenges
in networking. Beyond developing innovative products and solutions, Cisco actively collaborates
with industry leaders, governments, academic institutions, and nonprofit organizations to tackle
the global shortage of skilled networking professionals.
Recognizing the increasing demand for qualified experts in networking, Cisco is a strong advocate
for education and skill development in this field. The company has launched several initiatives
aimed at training and upskilling individuals in networking technologies. One notable effort is the
Cisco Networking Workforce Development Program, which offers resources, training, and career
development opportunities to students and professionals worldwide. Through partnerships with
organizations like the Cisco Networking Academy, Cisco ensures that networking education is
accessible to individuals at all skill levels, fostering a more connected and efficient digital world.

2.5 Cisco's Global Impact

Cisco’s impact reaches beyond technology, with its products and solutions playing a critical role
in shaping the modern digital economy. The company is deeply committed to corporate social
responsibility (CSR), focusing on improving access to education, advancing digital inclusion,
supporting sustainable practices, and reducing environmental impact. Cisco has set ambitious

5
goals to minimize its carbon footprint and enhance the sustainability of its products and
operations, thereby contributing to a greener, more responsible tech industry.
In addition, Cisco has established Networking Academies in over 180 countries, offering free or
affordable education and skills training in networking, cloud computing, and other IT-related
fields. This initiative empowers individuals in underserved communities, helping them secure
well-paying jobs in the technology sector. Through accessible learning platforms such as the Cisco
Networking Academy and Cisco’s Talent Bridge program, the company ensures that students and
professionals worldwide are equipped with the knowledge and skills needed to thrive in the
rapidly evolving networking industry.
By offering accessible learning opportunities through platforms such as the Cisco
Networking Academy and Cisco’s Talent Bridge program, the company ensures that
students and professionals across the globe are equipped with the knowledge and skills they
need to succeed in the rapidly evolving world of networking.

6
 CHAPTER 3
ABOUT THE PROJECT

3.1. Introduction About The Project

This project focuses on designing and implementing a network topology that demonstrates
fundamental networking principles and provides hands-on experience in configuring and
managing network devices. The setup consists of four PCs connected to a central switch, arranged
in a star topology. This widely-used configuration emphasizes simplicity, efficiency, and ease of
management, making it a practical example for understanding centralized control in modern
networks.
Key elements of the project include assigning unique IP addresses to each PC within the same
subnet to facilitate seamless communication. The central switch serves as the backbone of the
network, efficiently managing data traffic and forwarding packets to the intended recipient.
Switch port configuration is also incorporated to optimize traffic flow and ensure each device's
stable connection to network resources.
Connectivity testing is a crucial part of the project, employing commands like ping to verify
communication between devices. This step helps identify and resolve potential issues, ensuring
that all components are properly configured. Participants also practice fundamental skills such as
managing network devices, configuring settings, and troubleshooting connectivity problems.
These exercises provide valuable experience applicable to real-world network maintenance and
optimization.
Beyond its immediate objectives, the project introduces foundational concepts that pave the way
for exploring more advanced networking scenarios. The modular nature of the design allows for
scalability, enabling the addition of devices or the integration of more complex features, such as
VLANs or routing protocols. This flexibility makes the project a stepping stone for understanding
the dynamics of larger networks.
By completing this project, participants not only reinforce their theoretical understanding of
networking but also develop practical skills in network design, configuration, and problem-
solving. This experience equips them to address real-world networking challenges and lays a solid
foundation for further exploration in the field.

7
3.1.1 Objectives of the Project
1. To design a star topology with four PCs connected to a central switch.

2. To configure static IP addresses for the PCs.

3. To ensure seamless connectivity among all devices in the network.

4. To test communication using tools and commands such as ping.

3.1.2 Key Components of the Project

1. Network Devices

o PCs (PC0, PC1, PC2, PC3): These are the end devices in the network, each
assigned a unique IP address within the subnet. The PCs serve as the nodes
that will communicate with each other through the network.

o Switch (2960-24TT): A managed switch used to interconnect the four PCs.

It acts as the central device, forwarding data packets between the PCs and
ensuring seamless communication.

2. IP
The PCs were configured with the following static IP addresses:

o PC0: 10.1.1.0

o PC1: 10.1.1.1

o PC2: 10.1.1.2

o PC3:10.1.1.3
A subnet mask of 255.255.255.0 was applied to ensure all devices are in
the same network, allowing them to communicate directly without routing.

3. Network
The network topology utilized a star configuration, with four PCs connected to the
central 2960-24TT switch. This setup ensures each PC is directly connected to the
switch, which facilitates efficient data traffic management and minimizes network
issues like collisions.

3.1.3 Implementation Steps

8
1. Configuring the PCs

o Each PC was manually assigned its respective static IP address to ensure

proper network identification.

o The network settings were configured to place all PCs within the same sub-
net, enabling seamless communication without the need for routing.

2. Configuring the Switch

o The 2960-24TT switch ports were activated and configured to establish

physical and logical connections with all four PCs.

o Basic switch configuration commands were executed to enable the ports

and verify their operational status, ensuring reliable communication across
the network.

3. Network Testing

o Ping Tests: Connectivity was verified using the ping command, where each
PC successfully communicated with the others, confirming that the IP ad-
dresses and connections were correctly configured.

o Troubleshooting: Any initial issues, such as incorrect IP address assign-

ment or inactive switch ports, were identified and resolved, resulting in a
fully functional and optimized network setup.

9
 CHAPTER 4

HARDWARE/SOFTWARE PLATFORM

The successful execution of this networking project was made possible by the harmonious
integration of hardware and software components. The hardware, comprising PCs and a Cisco
2960-24TT switch, formed the physical backbone of the network topology, enabling reliable
connectivity. Simultaneously, software configurations, including the assignment of unique IP
addresses and the configuration of switch ports, ensured the logical organization and functionality
of the network. This combination of robust hardware and precise software management facilitated
efficient communication between devices, underscoring the critical role of a coordinated approach
in effective network design and implementation.

4.1 Hardware Environment

1. PCs
Four PCs served as the network endpoints, each configured with a unique IP address to
enable identification and communication:
o PC0: 10.1.1.0
o PC1: 10.1.1.1
o PC2: 10.1.1.2
o PC3:10.1.1.3
All IP addresses were assigned within the same subnet, allowing the PCs to
communicate directly without requiring additional routing configurations. These
devices acted as individual nodes in the network.
2. Switch
The Cisco 2960-24TT, a Layer 2 managed switch with 24 Fast Ethernet ports, served as
the central hub of the network. It interconnected the PCs and facilitated efficient
communication by managing and routing traffic. The switch was configured to minimize
packet loss and ensure low latency during data exchange, supporting smooth and reliable
connectivity across the network.
3. Ethernet
Standard Ethernet cables were used to establish the physical connections between the PCs

10
 and the switch. These cables provided a stable and reliable medium for data transmission,
supporting speeds that matched the switch's capabilities, ensuring uninterrupted
communication.
4. Networking
The entire hardware setup was assembled in a controlled networking laboratory
environment, equipped with essential tools such as power supplies, testing devices, and
backup resources. This setup ensured a stable environment for configuring and testing the
network, allowing for effective troubleshooting and validation of the design.

4.2 Software Environment

1. Packet
The network topology was designed and simulated using Cisco Packet Tracer, a robust
network simulation tool. This software facilitated the visualization of the network setup,
the configuration of devices, and the real-time simulation of communication between
nodes. It offered a risk-free environment for testing, making it easier to identify and
resolve configuration errors before implementing the actual network.

2. OS
Each PC in the network was equipped with an operating system capable of supporting
network configurations and diagnostic tools. Popular platforms like Windows and Linux
were used for assigning IP addresses and performing connectivity tests using utilities such
as ping. These operating systems ensured smooth configuration and testing processes.

3. Command-Line
Command-line tools were crucial in verifying the network's functionality:

o Ping Command: Used to test connectivity between PCs, ensuring seamless

communication within the network.

o IP Configuration Commands: Utilized to assign static IP addresses and verify the

network settings on each PC, confirming proper configuration.

4. Configuration
The Cisco 2960-24TT switch was configured using its Command-Line Interface (CLI).
Configuration commands were executed to activate switch ports, define settings for packet

11
 forwarding, and establish connectivity for all connected devices. For simplicity and
consistency, the ports were assigned to the default VLAN, ensuring all devices operated
on the same logical network. This approach streamlined communication and minimized
configuration complexity.

4.3 Integration of Hardware and Software

The successful execution of this project was achieved through the seamless integration of
hardware and software platforms. The hardware provided the physical infrastructure, while the
software enabled precise configuration, testing, and management of the network. This synergy
ensured a robust and efficient setup that fulfilled all project requirements.
Connectivity across the network was thoroughly validated using tools in Cisco Packet Tracer.
Utilities like ping tests and trace routes played a crucial role in confirming communication
between devices within the assigned IP range. This process highlighted the essential role of
software in verifying hardware functionality, enabling the swift identification and resolution of
any misconfigurations through simulated diagnostics. The interdependence of hardware and
software demonstrated their collective importance in designing a reliable and scalable network
solution.

12
 CHAPTER 5

SNAPSHOTS OF INPUT & OUTPUT

Fig 5.1 Topology

Fig 5.2 Flow Chart

13
Fig 5.3 Configuration of Switch

Fig 5.4 Ports of Switch

14
 Fig 5.5 Pc0 IP Address

Fig 5.6 IP Add Configuration

15
Fig 5.7 Switch Up and Down Ports

Fig 5.8 Pc1 Configuration

16
Fig 5.9 Ping Check From Pc1 to Pc0

17
 CHAPTER 6

FUTURE SCOPE

6.1 Future scope:

The future scope of a networking project using Cisco Packet Tracer is vast, offering diverse
applications and career opportunities in the growing field of computer networks. The skills and
knowledge acquired through such a project form a strong foundation for real-world network
deployment. Simulating networks in Cisco Packet Tracer equips individuals with practical
experience that can be directly applied to configuring routers, switches, and other devices,
essential for IT infrastructure design and enterprise deployment.

As networking shifts toward Software-Defined Networking (SDN), projects like this serve as a
stepping stone for understanding programmatically managed networks, enabling professionals to
work on next-generation networking solutions. This experience also prepares individuals for
various career opportunities, such as roles in network administration, engineering, cloud
networking, and network security analysis.

Additionally, the project provides valuable insights into integrating networking concepts with
emerging technologies like IoT, 5G, edge computing, and cloud computing. For instance, robust
network designs learned through the project are crucial for seamless communication in IoT
ecosystems. The foundational skills in subnetting, VLANs, and routing are also scalable to
designing large enterprise networks, contributing to smart infrastructure projects like traffic
systems, energy grids, and public services.

The project emphasizes the importance of secure network design, preparing individuals to address
cybersecurity challenges by implementing firewalls, VPNs, and intrusion prevention systems. It
also aligns with advanced certifications like Cisco Certified Network Associate (CCNA), Cisco
Certified Network Professional (CCNP), and CompTIA Network+, which are highly valued and
open doors to specialized roles.

18
As enterprises increasingly adopt cloud networking, the basic principles of network simulation
and management learned in this project lay the groundwork for managing hybrid or multi-cloud
networks. Overall, a networking project using Cisco Packet Tracer provides the expertise required
to thrive in the ever-evolving networking domain.

1. Foundation for Real-World Network Deployment

• The skills learned from simulating networks in Cisco Packet Tracer can be
directly applied to real-world networking setups, such as configuring routers,
switches, and other devices.
• These foundational skills are essential for IT infrastructure design and

deployment in enterprises.

2. Advancements in Software-Defined Networking (SDN)

Networking is shifting towards Software-Defined Networking.

Your project serves as a stepping stone to understanding SDN concepts, enabling you to work on
next-generation networks.

19
 CHAPTER 7

REFERENCES

7.1 Books:

[1] "Computer Networking: A Top-Down Approach" by Kurose and Ross o Covers

fundamental networking concepts, including protocols, routing, and network
architecture.

[2] "Data Communications and Networking" by Behrouz A. Forouzan o Provides in-

depth knowledge of networking basics, security, and emerging technologies.
[3] "Cisco Networking Essentials" by Craig Berg o Focuses on Cisco devices and
configurations, making it ideal for projects involving Cisco Packet Tracer.

7.2 Web Resources:

[1] Cisco Official Website (https://www.cisco.com)

Offers whitepapers, product documentation, and tutorials on Cisco

technologies.

[2] Cisco Networking Academy (https://www.netacad.com)

Provides free courses and resources for learning Cisco Packet Tracer and

networking fundamentals.

20